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→Indus Periphery Cline
[[File:Shinde et al 2019.png|thumb|390x390px|Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) Cline is a mixture of Indian neolithic (India_N) ancestry as major component with a small component of Andemanese Hunter-Gatherer (AHG) related ancestry.]]
[[File:Shinde et al 2019.png|thumb|390x390px|Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) Cline is a mixture of the Iranian-related ancestry as major component with a small component of Andemanese Hunter-Gatherer (AHG) related ancestry. The Iranian-related ancestry in IVC cline and the ancient Iranians had a common ancestor who lived more than 12,000 years ago.]]
In 2019, for the first time several ancient DNA samples related to the people of Indus-Saraswati Civilisation were published. Shinde et al 2019 published the only bronze age DNA samples found in India. This DNA sample was extracted from a skeleton found at archaeological site of Rakhigarhi located in the ancient Saraswati river plains. It was dated to ~2500 BC and the skeleton belonged to a woman. Narasimhan et al 2019 published hundreds of DNA samples along with thirteen samples belonging to Indus valley migrants found in the Turan region which includes modern day Iran and Turkmenistan regions. These DNA samples were dated variously between 3200 BC to 2000 BC and changed our understanding of the modern Indian population.
In 2019, for the first time several ancient DNA samples related to the people of Indus-Saraswati Civilisation were published. Shinde et al 2019 published the only bronze age DNA samples found in India. This DNA sample was extracted from a skeleton found at archaeological site of Rakhigarhi located in the ancient Saraswati river plains. It was dated to ~2500 BCE and the skeleton belonged to a woman. Narasimhan et al 2019 published hundreds of DNA samples along with thirteen samples belonging to Indus valley migrants found in the Turan region which includes modern day Iran and Turkmenistan regions. These DNA samples were dated variously between 3300 to 2000 BCE and changed our understanding of the modern Indian population.
The Iranian related component that was once hypothesised to have arrived in India along with farming has turned out to be much more ancient. As the Shinde et al 2019 paper says, "Iranian-related ancestry in South Asia split from Iranian plateau lineages >12,000 years ago", implying that the people of Indus Valley and ancient Iranians had a common ancestor who lived more than 12,000 years ago. This ancestry is sometimes referred to as Indian neolithic ancestry (India_N). This discovery lead the scientists to make the conclusion that farming is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and was not brought in from the western first farmers of Anatolia.
The Iranian related component that was once hypothesised to have arrived in India along with farming has turned out to be much more ancient. As the Shinde et al 2019 paper says, "Iranian-related ancestry in South Asia split from Iranian plateau lineages >12,000 years ago", implying that the people of Indus Valley and ancient Iranians had a common ancestor who lived more than 12,000 years ago. The IVC's Iranian related ancestry itself contains ~10% WSHG ancestry, which is the Western Siberian Hunter-Gatherer ancestry. This discovery lead the scientists to make the conclusion that farming is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and was not brought in from the western first farmers of Anatolia.
Narasimhan paper disproved the older assertion made by Damgard et al 2018 which claimed that BMAC is a source of ancestry to modern South Asians. Narasimhan paper published large number of bronze age DNA samples from BMAC region and found that BMAC is not the source of ancestry to the modern South Asians but in contrast BMAC main population has South Asian ancestry deeply rooted in time. Rather than showing migration into the Indian subcontinent, the bronze age DNA shows migration of people from South Asia to BMAC regions.
Narasimhan paper disproved the older assertion made by Damgard et al 2018 which claimed that BMAC is a source of ancestry to modern South Asians. Narasimhan paper published large number of bronze age DNA samples from BMAC region and found that BMAC is not the source of ancestry to the modern South Asians but in contrast BMAC main population has South Asian ancestry deeply rooted in time. Rather than showing migration into the Indian subcontinent, the bronze age DNA shows migration of people from South Asia to BMAC regions.
== Indus Periphery Cline ==
== Indus Periphery Cline ==
Indus periphery cline is the name given to the 11 ancient DNA samples published in the Narasimhan et al 2019. Paper documented 11 outliers - three with radiocarbon dates between 2500 and 2000 BCE from the BMAC site of Gonur in Turkmenistan and eight with radiocarbon dates between 3300 and 2000 BCE from the Iranian site of Shahr-i-Sokhta. These outliers harboured elevated levels of AHG-related ancestry with a major component of ancestry being the Indian neolithic ancestry that shares a common ancestor with the ancient Iranians who lived more than 12,000 years ago. The table contains two low coverage samples along with 11 ''Indus Periphery cline'' samples - I11460 and I11488.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sample ID
!Radiocarbon age
!Sex
!mtDNA
haplogroup
!Y chromosome
haplogroup
|-
|I11471
|3328-3022 calBCE
|F
|U1a1c1
|n/a (female)
|-
|I8726
|3100-3000 BCE
|M
|U2c1
|J2a1h
|-
|I11480
|2900-2800 BCE
|M
|W6
|J
|-
|I11459
|2875-2631 calBCE
|M
|W3a1b
|H1a1d2
|-
|I11460
|3200-2100 BCE
|M
|H2a
|BT
|-
|I11488
|3200-2100 BCE
|F
|R
|n/a (female)
|-
|I11458
|3200-2100 BCE
|M
|..
|F
|-
|I11456
|2600-2500 BCE
|F
|W3a1b
|n/a (female)
|-
|I8728
|2600-2500 BCE
|M
|R7
|J2a
|-
|I2123
|2452-2140 calBCE
|F
|..
|n/a (female)
|-
|I10409
|2280-2044 calBCE
|M
|R5a2b
|H1a1d2
|-
|I11041
|2140-1972 calBCE
|M
|R2
|R
|-
|I11466
|2500-2000 BCE
|F
|M30b
|n/a (female)
|}