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tāsāṁ krameṇa sarvāsāṁ niṣkr̥tyarthaṁ maharṣibhiḥ । pañca klptā mahāyajñāḥ pratyahaṁ gr̥hamedhinām । । 3.69 । ।</blockquote>Hence, the Mahabharata states that a grhastha should purify his mind by performing the Panchamahayajnas.<ref name=":12" /> According to Manusmrti, a grhastha should worship the sages by Vedic studies, deities by the homa-offerings, the pitrs by shraddha offering, human beings by offering food and the elements by offering bali.<ref name=":13" /><blockquote>स्वाध्यायेनार्चयेत र्षीन्होमैर्देवान्यथाविधि । पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च नॄनन्नैर्भूतानि बलिकर्मणा । । ३.८१ । ।<ref name=":0" /> svādhyāyenārcayeta rṣīnhomairdevānyathāvidhi । pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca nr̥̄nannairbhūtāni balikarmaṇā । । 3.81 । ।</blockquote>These Panchamahayajnas are further described in the Manusmrti (3.70 and 3.74)<ref name=":0" /> as follows:

tāsāṁ krameṇa sarvāsāṁ niṣkr̥tyarthaṁ maharṣibhiḥ । pañca klptā mahāyajñāḥ pratyahaṁ gr̥hamedhinām । । 3.69 । ।</blockquote>Hence, the Mahabharata states that a grhastha should purify his mind by performing the Panchamahayajnas.<ref name=":12" /> According to Manusmrti, a grhastha should worship the sages by Vedic studies, deities by the homa-offerings, the pitrs by shraddha offering, human beings by offering food and the elements by offering bali.<ref name=":13" /><blockquote>स्वाध्यायेनार्चयेत र्षीन्होमैर्देवान्यथाविधि । पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च नॄनन्नैर्भूतानि बलिकर्मणा । । ३.८१ । ।<ref name=":0" /> svādhyāyenārcayeta rṣīnhomairdevānyathāvidhi । pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca nr̥̄nannairbhūtāni balikarmaṇā । । 3.81 । ।</blockquote>These Panchamahayajnas are further described in the Manusmrti (3.70 and 3.74)<ref name=":0" /> as follows:

* '''ब्रह्मयज्ञः ॥ Brahma Yajna'''   Also called as Rshi yajna or Ahuta, it refers to an offering to the brahman or rshi in the form of teaching and studying of the vedas<ref name=":5" /> - अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः | adhyāpanaṁ brahmayajñaḥ. Here, the offering is not given into the fire, rather it is in the form of chanting of vedic texts - जपोऽहुतो | japo'huto |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

* '''ब्रह्मयज्ञः ॥ Brahma Yajna:''' Also called as Rshi yajna or Ahuta, it refers to an offering to the brahman or rshi in the form of teaching and studying of the vedas<ref name=":5" /> - अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः | adhyāpanaṁ brahmayajñaḥ. Here, the offering is not given into the fire, rather it is in the form of chanting of vedic texts - जपोऽहुतो | japo'huto |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

* '''पितृयज्ञः ॥ Pitru Yajna'''   The term Prashita literally means 'eaten'. It is said that, प्राशितं पितृतर्पणम् । prāśitaṁ pitr̥tarpaṇam । It is a daily oblation to Pitrus. Prashita refers to

* '''पितृयज्ञः ॥ Pitru Yajna:''' The term Prashita literally means 'eaten'. It is said that, प्राशितं पितृतर्पणम् । prāśitaṁ pitr̥tarpaṇam । It is a daily oblation to Pitrus. Prashita refers to

** Tarpana (ablutions to the departed) - they are offerings to pitrus done with water and food. पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । pitr̥yajñastu tarpaṇam<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

** Tarpana (ablutions to the departed) - they are offerings to pitrus done with water and food. पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । pitr̥yajñastu tarpaṇam<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

** Shraddha or annual religious rites performed for departed.<ref name=":5" />

** Shraddha or annual religious rites performed for departed.<ref name=":5" />

* '''देवयज्ञः ॥ Deva Yajna'''   Also called as Huta (होमो दैवो | homo daivo), Devayajna refers to offering oblations to Devas, with recitation of Vedic Mantras<ref name=":5" /> -  हुतो होमः | huto homaḥ |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

* '''देवयज्ञः ॥ Deva Yajna:''' Also called as Huta (होमो दैवो | homo daivo), Devayajna refers to offering oblations to Devas, with recitation of Vedic Mantras<ref name=":5" /> -  हुतो होमः | huto homaḥ |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

* '''भूतयज्ञः ॥ Bhuta Yajna'''   In general, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta Yajna]] refers to distribution of food to cows, crows and animals.<ref name=":5" /> Also called as Prahuta - प्रहुतो भौतिको बलिः । prahuto bhautiko baliḥ ।, it refers to the Bali offering given to the Bhutas - बलिर्भौतो | balirbhauto |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

* '''भूतयज्ञः ॥ Bhuta Yajna:''' In general, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta Yajna]] refers to distribution of food to cows, crows and animals.<ref name=":5" /> Also called as Prahuta - प्रहुतो भौतिको बलिः । prahuto bhautiko baliḥ ।, it refers to the Bali offering given to the Bhutas - बलिर्भौतो | balirbhauto |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />

* '''नृयज्ञः ॥ Nru Yajna'''   Also called Brahmya-huta or the respectful reception of guests, - ब्राह्म्यं हुतं द्विजाग्र्यार्चा | brāhmyaṁ hutaṁ dvijāgryārcāis |, the Nruyajna refers to the hospitality offered to guests -  नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् | nr̥yajño'tithipūjanam ।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" /> As it involves giving food to guests and honouring them, it is also known as Atithi yajna.<ref name=":5" />

* '''नृयज्ञः ॥ Nru Yajna:''' Also called Brahmya-huta or the respectful reception of guests, - ब्राह्म्यं हुतं द्विजाग्र्यार्चा | brāhmyaṁ hutaṁ dvijāgryārcāis |, the Nruyajna refers to the hospitality offered to guests -  नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् | nr̥yajño'tithipūjanam ।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" /> As it involves giving food to guests and honouring them, it is also known as Atithi yajna.<ref name=":5" />

According to Manusmrti, an oblation duly offered into the fire, reaches the sun; from the sun comes rain, from rain food, there from the living creatures derive their subsistence (3.76)<ref name=":1">The Laws of Manu, Translated by G.Buhler, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/manu/manu03.htm Chapter 3]</ref> Hence, it says, <blockquote>स्वाध्याये नित्ययुक्तः स्याद्दैवे चैवेह कर्मणि । दैवकर्मणि युक्तो हि बिभर्तीदं चराचरम् । । ३.७५ । ।

The one who does not neglect these yajnas on any day, to the best of one's capacity, does not become tainted by the Papa of the slaughter-house, even though living in the householder's order. However, the one who does not make offerings to these five namely, the deities, guests, dependents, pitrus and himself does not live even though breathing. Hence, the Manusmrti states that one should be constantly engaged in Vedic study as also in acts in honour of the deities; for, one who is engaged in acts in honour of the deities upholds the world, moveable as well as immoveable.<ref name=":13" /> <blockquote>पञ्चैतान्यो महाअयज्ञान्न हापयति शक्तितः । स गृहेऽपि वसन्नित्यं सूनादोषैर्न लिप्यते । । ३.७१ । ।

पञ्चैतान्यो महाअयज्ञान्न हापयति शक्तितः । स गृहेऽपि वसन्नित्यं सूनादोषैर्न लिप्यते । । ३.७१ । ।

देवतातिथिभृत्यानां पितॄणां आत्मनश्च यः । न निर्वपति पञ्चानां उच्छ्वसन्न स जीवति । । ३.७२ । ।

देवतातिथिभृत्यानां पितॄणां आत्मनश्च यः । न निर्वपति पञ्चानां उच्छ्वसन्न स जीवति । । ३.७२ । ।<ref name=":0" />

स्वाध्याये नित्ययुक्तः स्याद्दैवे चैवेह कर्मणि । दैवकर्मणि युक्तो हि बिभर्तीदं चराचरम् । । ३.७५ । ।<ref name=":0" />

 

pañcaitānyo mahāayajñānna hāpayati śaktitaḥ । sa gr̥he'pi vasannityaṁ sūnādoṣairna lipyate । । 3.71 । ।

pañcaitānyo mahāayajñānna hāpayati śaktitaḥ । sa gr̥he'pi vasannityaṁ sūnādoṣairna lipyate । । 3.71 । ।

devatātithibhr̥tyānāṁ pitr̥̄ṇāṁ ātmanaśca yaḥ । na nirvapati pañcānāṁ ucchvasanna sa jīvati । । 3.72 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: Let (every man) in this (second order, at least) daily apply himself to the private recitation of the Veda, and also to the performance of the offering to the gods; for he who is diligent in the performance of sacrifices, supports both the movable and the immovable creation. He who neglects not these five great sacrifices, while he is able (to perform them), is not tainted by the papas (committed) in the five places of slaughter, though he constantly lives in the (order of) house holders. But he who does not feed these five, the gods, his guests, those whom he is bound to maintain, the pitrus, and himself, lives not, though he breathes. <ref name=":1" />

devatātithibhr̥tyānāṁ pitr̥̄ṇāṁ ātmanaśca yaḥ । na nirvapati pañcānāṁ ucchvasanna sa jīvati । । 3.72 । ।

Bhiksha and Atithya

svādhyāye nityayuktaḥ syāddaive caiveha karmaṇi । daivakarmaṇi yukto hi bibhartīdaṁ carācaram । । 3.75 । ।</blockquote>Bhiksha and Atithya

कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् । भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे । । ३.९४ । ।<ref name=":0" />

कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् । भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे । । ३.९४ । ।<ref name=":0" />