Changes

== How Ayurveda differentiates women from men ==

== How Ayurveda differentiates women from men ==

Darshana shastras discuss about [[Prakrti (प्रकृतिः)]] and [[Purusha (पुरुषः)]] while explaining the process of [[Srshti Siddhanta (सृष्टिसिद्धान्तः)|srshti utpatti]] (सृष्टि उत्पत्तिः | origin of the universe). Prakrti and Purusha both have some attributes in common while there are few characteristic features that make them different from each other and also are responsible for origin of the universe after their union.<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=prasavadhar Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 9])</ref> Similarly, Ayurveda looks at male and female both as a purusha (human beings) which indicates that despite having different bodies, there are some common life elements in both of them making them equal. But at the same time, there are few characteristic features of a female body which make her capable of nurturing a life within, giving birth and nourishing a new life till the later becomes capable of surviving by own. These features are not found in men. For this reason, Acharya Charaka has called woman as a root of progeny (child) while discussing various gynecological disorders affecting females in chikistasthanam (चिकित्सास्थानम्) of [[Charaka Samhita (चरक संहिता)|Charaka Samhita]] (चरक संहिता).<blockquote>यदपत्यानां मूलं नार्यः परं नृणाम्| (Char. Samh 30.5)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 30 Sutra 5)</ref></blockquote>In reference to this, Ayurveda samhitas mention about presence of various body organs like Yoni (योनिः), Garbhashayam (गर्भाशयम्), stana (स्तनौ), artavavaha srotas (आर्तववह स्त्रोतसम् The channels of transformation and transportation of female reproductive constituents)  etc in female which make her body different than male. Also, acharyas clearly mention that a female is born after conception when there is abundance of artava (आर्तवम्) or rakta (रक्तम्/ शोणितम् feminine reproductive tissue) in the product of conception.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 5)</ref> Artava inherently possesses excessive heat. <ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adyaya 14 Sutra 7)</ref> Thus, pertaining to it (high pitta levels in body), a female body develops certain characteristics like generally having less tolerance, strength and emotional stability than male counterpart. These multiple features make a woman different from a man and necessitate development of certain health protocols specifically designed for their feminine balance. Acharya Charaka also says that a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] should keep these differences in mind while selecting the drugs, their dosage for women so as to make the medicine tolerable and effective at the same time. Such peculiarities of female body or its specific response to a drug or certain situation (which is different than a male counterpart) are commonly observed in the clinical settings while treating the female patients. And these have been cleverly put forward by Acharya Charaka in Vimanasthanam (विमानस्थानम्).<ref>Charak Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 94])</ref>

[[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|Darshana shastras]] (दर्शनशास्त्राणि) discuss about [[Prakrti (प्रकृतिः)]] and [[Purusha (पुरुषः)]] while explaining the process of [[Srshti Siddhanta (सृष्टिसिद्धान्तः)|srshti utpatti]] (सृष्टि उत्पत्तिः | origin of the universe). Prakrti and Purusha both have some attributes in common while there are few characteristic features that make them different from each other and also are responsible for origin of the universe after their union.<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=prasavadhar Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 9])</ref> Similarly, Ayurveda looks at male and female both as a [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|purusha]] (पुरुषः human being) which indicates that despite having different bodies, there are some common life elements in both of them making them equal. But at the same time, there are few characteristic features of a female body which make her capable of nurturing a life within, giving birth and nourishing a new life till the later becomes capable of surviving on its own. These structural and functional aspects of body are exclusively found in women. For this reason, Acharya Charaka has called woman as a root of progeny (child) while discussing various gynecological disorders affecting females in chikistasthanam (चिकित्सास्थानम्) of [[Charaka Samhita (चरक संहिता)|Charaka Samhita]] (चरक संहिता).<blockquote>यदपत्यानां मूलं नार्यः परं नृणाम्| (Char. Samh 30.5)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 30 Sutra 5)</ref></blockquote>In reference to this, Ayurveda samhitas mention about presence of various body organs like Yoni (योनिः), Garbhashayam (गर्भाशयम्), stana (स्तनौ), artavavaha srotas (आर्तववह स्त्रोतसम् The channels of transformation and transportation of female reproductive constituents)  etc in female which make her body different than male. Also, acharyas clearly mention that a female is born after conception when there is abundance of artava (आर्तवम्) or rakta (रक्तम्/ शोणितम् feminine reproductive tissue) in the product of conception.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 5)</ref> Artava inherently possesses excessive heat. <ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adyaya 14 Sutra 7)</ref> Thus, pertaining to it (high pitta levels in body), a female body develops certain characteristics like generally having less tolerance, strength and emotional stability than male counterpart. These multiple features make a woman different from a man and necessitate development of certain health protocols specifically designed for their feminine balance. Acharya Charaka also says that a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] should keep these differences in mind while selecting the drugs, their dosage for women so as to make the medicine tolerable and effective at the same time. Such peculiarities of female body or its specific response to a drug or certain situation (which is different than a male counterpart) are commonly observed in the clinical settings while treating the female patients. And these have been cleverly put forward by Acharya Charaka in Vimanasthanam (विमानस्थानम्).<ref>Charak Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 94])</ref>

== The branch of Ayurveda and treatise for women's health ==

== The branch of Ayurveda and treatise for women's health ==

Although all the treatises discuss about women's health, a lesser known treatise named Kashyapa Samhita (काश्यप संहिता) dedicates major part of it towards discussion on Kaumarabhrtyatantra in general and women's health in particular. However, the complete version of this samhita is not available currently. It is available in parts and thus many of the important topics related to women's health  discussed in Kashyapa Samhita and known to bharateeyas in earlier times are missing today.   

Although all the treatises discuss about women's health, a lesser known treatise named Kashyapa Samhita (काश्यप संहिता) dedicates major part of it towards discussion on Kaumarabhrtyatantra in general and women's health in particular. However, the complete version of this samhita is not available currently. It is available in parts and thus many of the important topics related to women's health  discussed in Kashyapa Samhita and known to bharateeyas in earlier times are missing today.   

== Important milestones in a women's life ==

== Important milestones in a woman's life ==

In reference to the childbearing capacity of a woman and various structural and functional peculiarities designed to facilitate the reproduction woman, is believed to have 3 important milestones in her life. These are health related milestones which are dependent on the hormones, strength and overall health of that woman. Menstruation is known as Rajapravrtti or [[Rajodharma (रजोधर्मः)|rajodharma]] in Ayurveda. The start and end of the menstruation are considered 2 important milestones and development of ability to conceive and reproduce at a certain age so as to get healthy progeny and uneventful or safe motherhood is considered to be the other milestone. Acharyas have clearly stated the age at which a woman can reach upto these milestones as below.

In reference to the childbearing capacity of a woman and various structural and functional peculiarities designed to facilitate the reproduction woman, is believed to have 3 important milestones in her life. These are health related milestones which are dependent on the hormones, strength and overall health of that woman. Menstruation is known as Rajapravrtti or [[Rajodharma (रजोधर्मः)|rajodharma]] in Ayurveda. The start and end of the menstruation are considered 2 important milestones and development of ability to conceive and reproduce at a certain age so as to get healthy progeny and uneventful or safe motherhood is considered to be the other milestone. Acharyas have clearly stated the age at which a woman can reach upto these milestones as below.

=== रजप्रवृत्तिः तथा रजोनिवृत्तिः ॥ Menarche and Menopause ===

=== रजप्रवृत्तिः तथा रजोनिवृत्तिः ॥ Menarche and Menopause ===

Menarch which means the beginning of menstrual cycle is the first milestone which is achieved mostly at the age of 12 years. From this time the menstrual cycle known as Rajapravrtti or Rajapraseka starts and continues till the conception occurs. At the age of around 50 years when the dhatus of sharira become senile or mature completely the rajapraseka stops permanently and it is known as Rajonivrtti meaning menopause. Thus age of 12 years and 50 years is thus considered significant in terms of menstrual cycle and hormonal balance as per Ayurveda. <blockquote>तद्वर्षाद्द्वादशात् काले वर्तमानमसृक् पुनः | जरापक्वशरीराणां याति पञ्चाशतः क्षयम् ||११|| (Sush. Samh. 3.11)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 11)</ref></blockquote>

Menarche which means the beginning of menstrual cycle is the first milestone which is achieved mostly at the age of 12 years. From this time the menstrual cycle known as Rajapravrtti or Rajapraseka starts and continues till the conception occurs. At the age of around 50 years when the dhatus of sharira become senile or mature completely the rajapraseka stops permanently and it is known as Rajonivrtti meaning menopause. Thus age of 12 years and 50 years is thus considered significant in terms of menstrual cycle and hormonal balance as per Ayurveda. <blockquote>तद्वर्षाद्द्वादशात् काले वर्तमानमसृक् पुनः | जरापक्वशरीराणां याति पञ्चाशतः क्षयम् ||११|| (Sush. Samh. 3.11)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 11)</ref></blockquote>

=== समत्वागत वीर्य वयः ॥ Minimum age appropriate for conception and safe motherhood ===

=== समत्वागत वीर्य वयः ॥ Minimum age appropriate for conception and safe motherhood ===

If the age of rajapravrtti (रजोप्रवृत्तिः) is normal as per the standards, the age at which that woman can bear a child or conceive and have a safe motherhood as well as a healthy progeny is considered the second milestone. This time was previously considered to be the minimum standard age of a woman to conceive so as to maintain good health and life as per Ayurveda. Samatavagata (समत्वागतम्) means to attain and veerya (वीर्यम्) refers to the necessary strength woman needs for reproduction. Ayurveda acharyas have stated that the age of 16 years in woman's life can be considered to be such an age. <blockquote>पञ्चविंशे ततो वर्षे पुमान् नारी तु षोडशे | समत्वागतवीर्यौ तौ जानीयात् कुशलो भिषक् ||१३|| (Sush. Samh. 35.13)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 13)</ref></blockquote>Commentary of Dalhana:  समत्वागतवीर्याविति समत्वं परिपूर्णत्वमागतं वीर्यं ययोस्तौ समत्वागतवीर्यौ, रसादिधातुपरिपूर्त्या वीर्यपूर्तिः, परिपूर्णसर्वधातुकावित्यर्थः| अन्ये त्वेवं पठन्ति ‘समन्वागतवीर्यौ’ इति; “सम्यगनु पश्चादागतं वीर्यमुपचयशक्तिलक्षणं ययोः” इति च व्याख्यानयन्ति||

If the age of rajapravrtti (रजोप्रवृत्तिः) is normal as per the standards, the age at which that woman can bear a child or conceive and have a safe motherhood as well as a healthy progeny is considered the second milestone. This time was previously considered to be the minimum standard age of a woman to conceive so as to maintain good health and life as per Ayurveda. Samatavagata (समत्वागतम्) means to attain and veerya (वीर्यम्) refers to the necessary strength woman needs for reproduction. Ayurveda acharyas have stated that the age of 16 years in woman's life can be considered to be such an age. <blockquote>पञ्चविंशे ततो वर्षे पुमान् नारी तु षोडशे | समत्वागतवीर्यौ तौ जानीयात् कुशलो भिषक् ||१३|| (Sush. Samh. 35.13)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 13)</ref></blockquote>Commentary of Dalhana:  समत्वागतवीर्याविति समत्वं परिपूर्णत्वमागतं वीर्यं ययोस्तौ समत्वागतवीर्यौ, रसादिधातुपरिपूर्त्या वीर्यपूर्तिः, परिपूर्णसर्वधातुकावित्यर्थः| अन्ये त्वेवं पठन्ति ‘समन्वागतवीर्यौ’ इति; “सम्यगनु पश्चादागतं वीर्यमुपचयशक्तिलक्षणं ययोः” इति च व्याख्यानयन्ति||

== Different epochs of woman life and related health regime ==

== Different epochs of woman's life and related health regime ==

Ayurveda helps women in the journey of her life by offering a helping hand in the form of guidelines on code of conduct that a woman should follow during epochs of her life like Rajaswala (रजस्वला | Menstruating woman), Rtumati (ऋतुमती | Woman in a fertile period/pre-conceptional), Garbhini (गर्भिणी | pregnant), Sutika (सूतिका | Post partum) etc. All these mentioned epochs in her life are significant events related to her health since major physiological and even psychological changes occur within her during these times and those have potential to affect her overall health in present as well as future. Therefore considering the repercussions of these events on health of a woman Ayurveda acharyas suggested a particular diet and also lifestyle recommendations to be followed during these periods. These code of conducts are called as paricharyas. One can find Rajaswala paricharya (रजस्वला परिचर्या | for menstruating woman), Rtumati paricharya (ऋतुमती परिचर्या | for preconceptional or fertile woman), Garbhini paricharya (गर्भिणी परिचर्या | for pregnant woman) and sutika paricharya (सूतिका परिचर्या | for mother post child birth) in Ayurveda literature.  Such guidelines on code of conduct during these phases are known as Paricharyas.  

Ayurveda helps women in the journey of her life by offering a helping hand in the form of guidelines on code of conduct that a woman should follow during epochs of her life like Rajaswala (रजस्वला | Menstruating woman), Rtumati (ऋतुमती | Woman in a fertile period/pre-conceptional), Garbhini (गर्भिणी | pregnant), Sutika (सूतिका | Post partum) etc. All these mentioned epochs in her life are significant events related to her health since major physiological and even psychological changes occur within her during these times and those have potential to affect her overall health in present as well as future. Therefore considering the repercussions of these events on health of a woman Ayurveda acharyas suggested a particular diet and also lifestyle recommendations to be followed during these periods. These code of conducts are called as paricharyas. One can find Rajaswala paricharya (रजस्वला परिचर्या | for menstruating woman), Rtumati paricharya (ऋतुमती परिचर्या | for preconceptional or fertile woman), Garbhini paricharya (गर्भिणी परिचर्या | for pregnant woman) and sutika paricharya (सूतिका परिचर्या | for mother post child birth) in Ayurveda literature.  Such guidelines on code of conduct during these phases are known as Paricharyas.  

With westernization and adoption of modern lifestyle which is not in tune with the nature, health of a woman is adversely affected. Modern day woman have all kinds of roles to fill in. They are expected to be feminine and masculine; powerful and gentle; attractive and motherly at the same time. This has led to build an excessive amount of stress, anxiety and tension in a woman right from her childhood. In the pursuit of her dreams and pressure to balance all these aspects smartly, somewhere the health is not given priority and thus neglected. The lifestyle and diet which are backbone of the health and well-being in any individual are not always carefully selected. Increase in the stress levels is directly proportional to the hormonal imbalances and menstrual disorders.<ref>Ekpenyong CE, Davis KJ, Akpan UP, Daniel NE. Academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria - the need for health education. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2011;26:193–198</ref> <ref>Zhou M, Wege N, Gu H, Shang L, Li J, Siegrist J. Work and family stress is associated with menstrual disorders but not with fibrocystic changes: cross-sectional findings in Chinese working women. J Occup Health. 2010;52:361–366.</ref> <ref>Rafique N, Al-Sheikh MH. Prevalence of menstrual problems and their association with psychological stress in young female students studying health sciences. ''Saudi Med J''. 2018;39(1):67-73. doi:10.15537/smj.2018.1.21438</ref> At the same time unwholesome diet which is deficient in necessary nutrients and sedentary stressful lifestyle untuned to the biological clock inside body negatively impacts health leading to weaker constitution and low immunity. It is seen that now-a-days there is high incidence of a variety of menstrual health problems in pre-menarche, during menstruation, perimenopause and post-menopause. PCOS like conditions are widely prevalent in today's woman causing menstrual irregularities and infertility. <ref>Mehreen TS, Ranjani H, Kamalesh R, Ram U, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescents and young women in India. J Diabetol 2021;12:319-25</ref> Therefore there is an urgent need of measures for prevention and control of generalized an well as reproductive health disorders in woman. The ancient shastra of Ayurveda has already given the ways to prevent these disorders and preserve a woman health. Thus there is need to adopt the various paricharyas (codes of conduct) related to different phases of woman life to as much extent as one can. Along with that natural herbal medicine and panchakarma therapies can definitely help modern day woman to preserve her health while trying to maintain the work-life balance. Here is brief account on the common health issues faced by today's women and how the wisdom of Ayurveda can help them come out of these conditions and preserve health and well-being.   

With westernization and adoption of modern lifestyle which is not in tune with the nature, health of a woman is adversely affected. Modern day woman have all kinds of roles to fill in. They are expected to be feminine and masculine; powerful and gentle; attractive and motherly at the same time. This has led to build an excessive amount of stress, anxiety and tension in a woman right from her childhood. In the pursuit of her dreams and pressure to balance all these aspects smartly, somewhere the health is not given priority and thus neglected. The lifestyle and diet which are backbone of the health and well-being in any individual are not always carefully selected. Increase in the stress levels is directly proportional to the hormonal imbalances and menstrual disorders.<ref>Ekpenyong CE, Davis KJ, Akpan UP, Daniel NE. Academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria - the need for health education. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2011;26:193–198</ref> <ref>Zhou M, Wege N, Gu H, Shang L, Li J, Siegrist J. Work and family stress is associated with menstrual disorders but not with fibrocystic changes: cross-sectional findings in Chinese working women. J Occup Health. 2010;52:361–366.</ref> <ref>Rafique N, Al-Sheikh MH. Prevalence of menstrual problems and their association with psychological stress in young female students studying health sciences. ''Saudi Med J''. 2018;39(1):67-73. doi:10.15537/smj.2018.1.21438</ref> At the same time unwholesome diet which is deficient in necessary nutrients and sedentary stressful lifestyle untuned to the biological clock inside body negatively impacts health leading to weaker constitution and low immunity. It is seen that now-a-days there is high incidence of a variety of menstrual health problems in pre-menarche, during menstruation, perimenopause and post-menopause. PCOS like conditions are widely prevalent in today's woman causing menstrual irregularities and infertility. <ref>Mehreen TS, Ranjani H, Kamalesh R, Ram U, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescents and young women in India. J Diabetol 2021;12:319-25</ref> Therefore there is an urgent need of measures for prevention and control of generalized an well as reproductive health disorders in woman. The ancient shastra of Ayurveda has already given the ways to prevent these disorders and preserve a woman health. Thus there is need to adopt the various paricharyas (codes of conduct) related to different phases of woman life to as much extent as one can. Along with that natural herbal medicine and panchakarma therapies can definitely help modern day woman to preserve her health while trying to maintain the work-life balance. Here is brief account on the common health issues faced by today's women and how the wisdom of Ayurveda can help them come out of these conditions and preserve health and well-being.   

=== Menstrual problems ===

=== ऋतुचक्रसंबन्धिताः विकाराः॥ Menstrual problems ===

Irregular menstrual cycle, scanty menses, painful periods, PMS, heavy bleeding, prolonged bleeding etc are commonly observed menstrual disturbances in majority of girls and women in fertile age group. Many a times these are associated with increase or decrease in weight, weakness and digestive disturbances. These days, the symptoms like lower abdominal pain, backpain, mood swings, nausea etc are considered as just the associated symptoms of menstrual cycle and believd to be normal. But our classics have clearly mentioned that a normal menstruation should be devoid of pain burning sensation or any other discomfort. Thus it is necessary that even the minor discomfort during menstruation is indicative of some underlying health condition and this can be well managed with Ayurveda's wisdom. Ayurveda speaks about Rajakshaya (रजःक्षयः) and rajodushti (रजोदुष्टिः) by specific doshas which generally cover such menstrual disturbances. In such cases a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] (वैद्यः) usually assesses the diet and lifestyle of suffering woman, evaluates her general health to understand her [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]] status, [[balam (बलम्)]], [[Manas (मनः)|manas (मनस्)]] status, [[doshas (दोषाः)]] and [[dhatus (धातवः)]]. Once these aspects are understood a course of natural medicines is usually designed to address all her health concerns that are interlinked and not just the menstruation is targeted. This helps to bring natural balance of doshas improving her general health condition and ultimately normalizing her menstrual cycle. Various herbs like kumari (Aloe vera), Ashoka (Saraca indica), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Amalaki (Embelica officinalis), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) are found to be very helpful in treating such disturbances effectively. Along with that, [[panchakarmas (पञ्चकर्माणि)]] like [[Vamana (वमनम्)]], [[Virechana (विरेचनम्)]], [[Basti (बस्तिः )|Basti (बस्ति)]] are advised if the imbalance is beyond the level of medicinal management. Also it is advisable to follow Rajaswala paricharya (रजस्वला परिचर्या | described earlier on this page) as much as possible to prevent the recurrence and preserve the reproductive and genralised health.

Irregular menstrual cycle, scanty menses, painful periods, PMS, heavy bleeding, prolonged bleeding etc are commonly observed menstrual disturbances in majority of girls and women in fertile age group. Many a times these are associated with increase or decrease in weight, weakness and digestive disturbances. These days, the symptoms like lower abdominal pain, backpain, mood swings, nausea etc are considered as just the associated symptoms of menstrual cycle and believd to be normal. But our classics have clearly mentioned that a normal menstruation should be devoid of pain burning sensation or any other discomfort. Thus it is necessary that even the minor discomfort during menstruation is indicative of some underlying health condition and this can be well managed with Ayurveda's wisdom. Ayurveda speaks about Rajakshaya (रजःक्षयः) and rajodushti (रजोदुष्टिः) by specific doshas which generally cover such menstrual disturbances. In such cases a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] (वैद्यः) usually assesses the diet and lifestyle of suffering woman, evaluates her general health to understand her [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]] status, [[balam (बलम्)]], [[Manas (मनः)|manas (मनस्)]] status, [[doshas (दोषाः)]] and [[dhatus (धातवः)]]. Once these aspects are understood a course of natural medicines is usually designed to address all her health concerns that are interlinked and not just the menstruation is targeted. This helps to bring natural balance of doshas improving her general health condition and ultimately normalizing her menstrual cycle. Various herbs like kumari (Aloe vera), Ashoka (Saraca indica), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Amalaki (Embelica officinalis), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) are found to be very helpful in treating such disturbances effectively. Along with that, [[panchakarmas (पञ्चकर्माणि)]] like [[Vamana (वमनम्)]], [[Virechana (विरेचनम्)]], [[Basti (बस्तिः )|Basti (बस्ति)]] are advised if the imbalance is beyond the level of medicinal management. Also it is advisable to follow Rajaswala paricharya (रजस्वला परिचर्या | described earlier on this page) as much as possible to prevent the recurrence and preserve the reproductive and genralised health.

=== PCOS ===

=== स्त्रीबीजग्रंथीविकाराः॥ PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) ===

Polycystic ovarian Syndrome is widely prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age group. It is associated with a broad range of health conditions including hyperandrogenemia leading to hair loss, unwanted hair growth on face and other body parts, acne etc,  high BP & Cholesterol, insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) etc. PCOS is also one of the primary causes of infertility in women. Sedentary lifestyle, excessive stress levels and over weight are some of the factors that predispose a young girl or woman to PCOS. When compared to age related controls, women with PCOS are found to have 11-fold increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and glucose intolerance. Therefore it is  understood that PCOS is one such endocrine disorder in woman which hampers reproductive, metabolic and mental health of a woman. Looking at the rate at which the incidence of PCOS is increasing it is necessary to adopt measures to prevent occurrence of PCOS and also if already developed then search safe and effective measures to manage this condition.  

Polycystic ovarian Syndrome is widely prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age group. It is associated with a broad range of health conditions including hyperandrogenemia leading to hair loss, unwanted hair growth on face and other body parts, acne etc,  high BP & Cholesterol, insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) etc. PCOS is also one of the primary causes of infertility in women. Sedentary lifestyle, excessive stress levels and over weight are some of the factors that predispose a young girl or woman to PCOS. When compared to age related controls, women with PCOS are found to have 11-fold increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and glucose intolerance. Therefore it is  understood that PCOS is one such endocrine disorder in woman which hampers reproductive, metabolic and mental health of a woman. Looking at the rate at which the incidence of PCOS is increasing it is necessary to adopt measures to prevent occurrence of PCOS and also if already developed then search safe and effective measures to manage this condition.  

As mentioned earlier, Ayurveda looks at any such disorder as an imbalance of agni (अग्निः), doshas (दोषाः), dhatus (धातु) etc and works at that root level of problem to achieve menstrual balance, optimize the metabolic function, prevent the complications and bring about the complete balance in internal bodily environment. Various herbs like amalaki (Embelica officinalis), trifala, Cumin, turmeric, kumari (Aloe vera),  Punarnava (Borrhavia diffusa) are found very effective in balancing the hormonal levels in PCOS. Along with that medicines to address other associated health conditions, improve agni, cleanse bowel, strengthen dhatus are also given in combination. Panchakarma therapies like Basti, [[Basti (बस्तिः )|Uttabasti]] (उत्तरबस्तिः),  [[Vamana (वमनम्)|vamana]] (वमनम्), [[Virechana (विरेचनम्)|Virechana]] (विरेचनम्), [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga]] (अभ्यङ्गम्), Swedana (स्वेदनम्) etc are found to be very effective in re-establishing the feminine balance that tis disturbed in PCOS. Great emphasize is also given on diet and lifestyle. Woman with PCOS is given guidance about her lifestyle , [[Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)|Dinacharya]] (दिनचर्या | daily routine), [[Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)|Rtucharya (ऋतुचर्या)]] and advised not to suppress [[Vega (वेगाः)|vegas]] (वेगाः | natural urges). She is also advised to follow Rajswala paricharya (रजस्वला परिचर्या) and Rtumati paricharya (ऋतुमती परिचर्या) once the hormonal balance is restored and menstrual cycle is regularised.

As mentioned earlier, Ayurveda looks at any such disorder as an imbalance of agni (अग्निः), doshas (दोषाः), dhatus (धातु) etc and works at that root level of problem to achieve menstrual balance, optimize the metabolic function, prevent the complications and bring about the complete balance in internal bodily environment. Various herbs like amalaki (Embelica officinalis), trifala, Cumin, turmeric, kumari (Aloe vera),  Punarnava (Borrhavia diffusa) are found very effective in balancing the hormonal levels in PCOS. Along with that medicines to address other associated health conditions, improve agni, cleanse bowel, strengthen dhatus are also given in combination. Panchakarma therapies like Basti, [[Basti (बस्तिः )|Uttabasti]] (उत्तरबस्तिः),  [[Vamana (वमनम्)|vamana]] (वमनम्), [[Virechana (विरेचनम्)|Virechana]] (विरेचनम्), [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga]] (अभ्यङ्गम्), Swedana (स्वेदनम्) etc are found to be very effective in re-establishing the feminine balance that tis disturbed in PCOS. Great emphasize is also given on diet and lifestyle. Woman with PCOS is given guidance about her lifestyle , [[Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)|Dinacharya]] (दिनचर्या | daily routine), [[Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)|Rtucharya (ऋतुचर्या)]] and advised not to suppress [[Vega (वेगाः)|vegas]] (वेगाः | natural urges). She is also advised to follow Rajswala paricharya (रजस्वला परिचर्या) and Rtumati paricharya (ऋतुमती परिचर्या) once the hormonal balance is restored and menstrual cycle is regularised.

=== Infertility ===

=== वंध्यत्वम्॥ Infertility ===

WHO report states that One in every four couples in developing countries has been found to be affected by infertility. <ref>WHO online portal/sexual and reproductive health.https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/burden/en/</ref> Female infertility is more common than males since their general health is affected to great extent by their reproductive health and thus while dealing with the cases of Infertility Ayurveda lays high emphasize on improving the general health of a woman rather than focusing and targeting on only her hormones. Ayurveda recognizes and mentions infertility as Vandhyatwa (वन्ध्यत्वम्). Ayurveda speaks about importance of 4 factors Rutu (ऋतु), Kshetra (क्षेत्रम्), Beeja (बीज) and Ambu (अम्बुः) for generation of a new life.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharisthanam Adhyaya 2 Sutra 33)</ref> This includes consideration of woman's menstrual cycle pattern, healthy state of her entire reproductive tract (uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina), her general nutrition and quality of her egg. Medicines and Panchakarma therapies are advised by considering all these 4 factors and efforts are focused on improvising her complete health so that naturally she can conceive and deliver a healthy offspring. This process can be time consuming because  reproductive health is balanced in a stepwise manner and her body, mind are made capable to develop capacity to nurture another life. However if the efforts are made in this direction a woman can regain her complete health and regain her fertility without adverse effects. Quality of life of a woman is improved. A wide range of herbs, herbo-mineral formulations, decoctions, powders can be used in this treatment depending upon the case and expertise of the vaidya. It is advisable to consult a nearby [[vaidya (वैद्यः)]] for further guidance.  

WHO report states that One in every four couples in developing countries has been found to be affected by infertility. <ref>WHO online portal/sexual and reproductive health.https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/burden/en/</ref> Female infertility is more common than males since their general health is affected to great extent by their reproductive health and thus while dealing with the cases of Infertility Ayurveda lays high emphasize on improving the general health of a woman rather than focusing and targeting on only her hormones. Ayurveda recognizes and mentions infertility as Vandhyatwa (वन्ध्यत्वम्). Ayurveda speaks about importance of 4 factors Rutu (ऋतु), Kshetra (क्षेत्रम्), Beeja (बीज) and Ambu (अम्बुः) for generation of a new life.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharisthanam Adhyaya 2 Sutra 33)</ref> This includes consideration of woman's menstrual cycle pattern, healthy state of her entire reproductive tract (uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina), her general nutrition and quality of her egg. Medicines and Panchakarma therapies are advised by considering all these 4 factors and efforts are focused on improvising her complete health so that naturally she can conceive and deliver a healthy offspring. This process can be time consuming because  reproductive health is balanced in a stepwise manner and her body, mind are made capable to develop capacity to nurture another life. However if the efforts are made in this direction a woman can regain her complete health and regain her fertility without adverse effects. Quality of life of a woman is improved. A wide range of herbs, herbo-mineral formulations, decoctions, powders can be used in this treatment depending upon the case and expertise of the vaidya. It is advisable to consult a nearby [[vaidya (वैद्यः)]] for further guidance.  

=== Menopause ===

=== रजोनिवृत्तिः॥ Menopause ===

A woman can suffer from either premature menopause or variety of psychological and physical ailments in perimenopausal period. Ayurveda can offer a helping hand to such a woman to pass through these phases smoothly and prevent the possibility of premature menopause in early reproductive life. It is necessary to diagnose the possibility of premature menopause early so that immediate measures in the form of medicines, [[panchakarmas (पञ्चकर्माणि)]], yoga (योगः), diet, lifestyle and [[rasayana (रसायनम्)]] therapies can be implemented and the feminine balance can be restored.   

A woman can suffer from either premature menopause or variety of psychological and physical ailments in perimenopausal period. Ayurveda can offer a helping hand to such a woman to pass through these phases smoothly and prevent the possibility of premature menopause in early reproductive life. It is necessary to diagnose the possibility of premature menopause early so that immediate measures in the form of medicines, [[panchakarmas (पञ्चकर्माणि)]], yoga (योगः), diet, lifestyle and [[rasayana (रसायनम्)]] therapies can be implemented and the feminine balance can be restored.   

=== Bones and Joints ===

=== अस्थिसंधिविकाराः॥ Bones and Joints ===

Sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, inappropriate [[Ahara (आहारः)|ahara]], deficient  [[Nidra (निद्रा)|nidra]] (निद्रा | sleep), stress and sometimes also over exertion by a woman lead to multiple bones and joints related problems. In addition to that, post menopause many women also suffer from calcium deficiency and decreased  bone strength leading to osteoporosis. In order to have healthy bones and joints Ayurveda recommends to have proper nutrition i.e. [[ahara (आहारः)]] and balanced [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]]. The ahara of woman should have inclusion of snigdha (स्निग्ध) ahara i.e. food that includes good fats. Since the nourishment of bones and other components of any joint is associated with generalized nutrition it largely depends upon the strength of agni and supply of necessary nutrients which can be obtained from wholesome diet. Thus more focus is given on optimizing the agni and nutrition. Along with that, [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|abhyanga]] with medicated oils works best as a local therapy to relieve pain, stiffness and swellings. Oils can be different based on the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]] involved, type of illness, strength etc. Abhyanga can be followed by othe rpanchakarmas like Swedanam (hot fomentation) which works best to relieve stiffness, [[Basti (बस्तिः )|Basti (बस्तिः)]], [[raktamokshana (रक्तमोक्षणम्)]], Agnikarma (अग्निकर्मम् | fire or heat treatment) etc. [[Vyayama (व्यायामम्)|Vyayama (व्यायाम्ः  | exercises)]], Bandhas (supports/bandaging) has also been suggested in certain cases to strengthen the bones, muscles and joints. Herbs like guggulu (Comiphor amukula), giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Punarnava (Borrhavia diffusa), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and many other herbo mineral formutions give excellent results in managing these conditions.  

Sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, inappropriate [[Ahara (आहारः)|ahara]], deficient  [[Nidra (निद्रा)|nidra]] (निद्रा | sleep), stress and sometimes also over exertion by a woman lead to multiple bones and joints related problems. In addition to that, post menopause many women also suffer from calcium deficiency and decreased  bone strength leading to osteoporosis. In order to have healthy bones and joints Ayurveda recommends to have proper nutrition i.e. [[ahara (आहारः)]] and balanced [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]]. The ahara of woman should have inclusion of snigdha (स्निग्ध) ahara i.e. food that includes good fats. Since the nourishment of bones and other components of any joint is associated with generalized nutrition it largely depends upon the strength of agni and supply of necessary nutrients which can be obtained from wholesome diet. Thus more focus is given on optimizing the agni and nutrition. Along with that, [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|abhyanga]] with medicated oils works best as a local therapy to relieve pain, stiffness and swellings. Oils can be different based on the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]] involved, type of illness, strength etc. Abhyanga can be followed by othe rpanchakarmas like Swedanam (hot fomentation) which works best to relieve stiffness, [[Basti (बस्तिः )|Basti (बस्तिः)]], [[raktamokshana (रक्तमोक्षणम्)]], Agnikarma (अग्निकर्मम् | fire or heat treatment) etc. [[Vyayama (व्यायामम्)|Vyayama (व्यायाम्ः  | exercises)]], Bandhas (supports/bandaging) has also been suggested in certain cases to strengthen the bones, muscles and joints. Herbs like guggulu (Comiphor amukula), giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Punarnava (Borrhavia diffusa), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and many other herbo mineral formutions give excellent results in managing these conditions.  

=== Skin, hair and beauty ===

=== सौंदर्योपचाराः॥ Skin, hair and beauty ===

It is one of the most sought after treatment segment by woman in any age group. Ayurveda strongly believes that radiant flowless skin, thick strong hair and all those elements that make any person look attractive and healthy are actually the end effects of better internal health and balance of [[doshas (दोषाः)]] as well as [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]]. Thus while treating the skin and hair related conditions considerable attention has been given to understand the underlying health issue and efforts are forcused on fixing the root cause. Along with that various local therapies have also been designed like [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga (अभङ्गम्)]], lepana (लेपनम् | face packs), [[Ayurvedic method of body scrub (उद्वर्तनम्)|udwartana (उद्वर्तम्)]]  etc which deliver medicines directly at the affected area help to restore its natural beauty. Ayurveda has never neglected the cosmetic issues, in fact great emphasis has been laid on the daily practice of procedures like Abhyanga, Udwartna, Nasya, Gandusha, anjana etc that enhance the health and beauty of skin and hair. And therefore all those have been included in [[Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)]]. Thus a woman desirous of flowless, glowing skin, thick & strong hair, good eyesight should regularly practice these procedures after guidance of a vaidya. Various herbs like Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba), Kumkuma (Crocos sativus), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Shikekai, Ritha, Amalaki (Embelica officinalis), lodhra (Symplocos racemosa), Mulethi (Glycerhiza glabra) have been found to be highly effective in treating varioisu skin and hair related ailments and restore the natural beauty of a woman.  

It is one of the most sought after treatment segment by woman in any age group. Ayurveda strongly believes that radiant flowless skin, thick strong hair and all those elements that make any person look attractive and healthy are actually the end effects of better internal health and balance of [[doshas (दोषाः)]] as well as [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]]. Thus while treating the skin and hair related conditions considerable attention has been given to understand the underlying health issue and efforts are forcused on fixing the root cause. Along with that various local therapies have also been designed like [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga (अभङ्गम्)]], lepana (लेपनम् | face packs), [[Ayurvedic method of body scrub (उद्वर्तनम्)|udwartana (उद्वर्तम्)]]  etc which deliver medicines directly at the affected area help to restore its natural beauty. Ayurveda has never neglected the cosmetic issues, in fact great emphasis has been laid on the daily practice of procedures like Abhyanga, Udwartna, Nasya, Gandusha, anjana etc that enhance the health and beauty of skin and hair. And therefore all those have been included in [[Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)]]. Thus a woman desirous of flowless, glowing skin, thick & strong hair, good eyesight should regularly practice these procedures after guidance of a vaidya. Various herbs like Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba), Kumkuma (Crocos sativus), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Shikekai, Ritha, Amalaki (Embelica officinalis), lodhra (Symplocos racemosa), Mulethi (Glycerhiza glabra) have been found to be highly effective in treating varioisu skin and hair related ailments and restore the natural beauty of a woman.  

=== Others ===

=== विविधाःशेषाः विकाराः॥ Others ===

There are may other medical conditions ranging from anaemia to cancers through which a woman can suffer in different phases of her life. Although not all these diseases have been clearly mentioned in the Ayurveda literature, the guidance given on assessment, evaluation and diagnosis of diseases in Ayurveda can enable a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] to understand the disease pathology in that woman with the lens of [[doshas (दोषाः)]], [[dhatus (धातवः)]], [[Malas (मलाः)|malas]] (मलाः), [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]] and [[balam (बलम्)]]. This can open wide range of options in treatment for that illness which include herbo-mineral medicines, diet, lifestyle changes, panchakarmas etc. Therefore this ancient wisdom of Ayurveda can certainly help any woman to pass through all the epochs of her life effortlessly, prevent illnesses, increase strength and maintain her feminine balance to be able to nurture and raise a new life.  

There are may other medical conditions ranging from anaemia to cancers through which a woman can suffer in different phases of her life. Although not all these diseases have been clearly mentioned in the Ayurveda literature, the guidance given on assessment, evaluation and diagnosis of diseases in Ayurveda can enable a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] to understand the disease pathology in that woman with the lens of [[doshas (दोषाः)]], [[dhatus (धातवः)]], [[Malas (मलाः)|malas]] (मलाः), [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]] and [[balam (बलम्)]]. This can open wide range of options in treatment for that illness which include herbo-mineral medicines, diet, lifestyle changes, panchakarmas etc. Therefore this ancient wisdom of Ayurveda can certainly help any woman to pass through all the epochs of her life effortlessly, prevent illnesses, increase strength and maintain her feminine balance to be able to nurture and raise a new life.