Changes

== Types ==

== Types ==

Basti is categorized into 3 main types by Acharya Vagbhata. In Ashtanga hrudayam, 3 types of basti have been mentioned as below,

Basti is categorized into 3 main types by Acharya Vagbhata.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 19 Sutra 1-2)</ref> In Ashtanga hrudayam, 3 types of basti have been mentioned as below,

# Niruha basti : The type of basti where decoction is the major part is called as asthapana basti or niruha basti. In Niruha Basti/ Aasthaapana Basti, decoction of medicinal plants is the main content wherein other ingredients like honey, salt, lipids & other drugs are incorporated to form a colloid or a suspension. Word Niruha, indicates “To eliminate” or eliminate morbid Doshas or Disease from body, & its synonym word “Asthapan” indicates “establish life span & age (Su.Chi 35/38).  

# Niruha basti : The type of basti where decoction is the major part is called as asthapana basti or niruha basti. In Niruha Basti/ Aasthaapana Basti, decoction of medicinal plants is the main content wherein other ingredients like honey, salt, lipids & other drugs are incorporated to form a colloid or a suspension. Word Niruha, indicates “To eliminate” or eliminate morbid Doshas or Disease from body, & its synonym word “Asthapan” indicates “establish life span & age.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 38)</ref>.

# Anuvasana basti : Basti in which major part of plain or medicated oil is used is called as ''anuvasana''. The word Anuvasan indicates “To stay”, the administrated medicines stay inside for a longer duration, but still do not cause any untoward problem  

# Anuvasana basti : Basti in which major part of plain or medicated oil is used is called as ''anuvasana''. The word Anuvasan indicates “To stay”, the administrated medicines stay inside for a longer duration, but still do not cause any untoward problem  

# Uttar basti :  The basti administered through different route (Uttara:next) i.e. through urethral opening in males and vaginal orifice in females is called as uttara basti. In this type of basti also chiefly oil or ghee is used as a drug.   

# Uttar basti :  The basti administered through different route (Uttara:next) i.e. through urethral opening in males and vaginal orifice in females is called as uttara basti. In this type of basti also chiefly oil or ghee is used as a drug.   

समीक्ष्य दोषौषधदेशकालसात्म्याग्निसत्त्वादिवयोबलानि|

समीक्ष्य दोषौषधदेशकालसात्म्याग्निसत्त्वादिवयोबलानि|

बस्तिः प्रयुक्तो नियतं गुणाय स्यात् सर्वकर्माणि च सिद्धिमन्ति||६|| (Char. Samh. Siddhi. 3.6)

बस्तिः प्रयुक्तो नियतं गुणाय स्यात् सर्वकर्माणि च सिद्धिमन्ति||६|| (Char. Samh. 3.6)<ref>Charak Samhita (Siddhisthana Adhyaya 3 Sutra 6)</ref>

These factors are-

These factors are-

येषां च शाखासु चरन्ति वाताः शस्तो विशेषेण हि तेषु बस्तिः||३२||

येषां च शाखासु चरन्ति वाताः शस्तो विशेषेण हि तेषु बस्तिः||३२||

आध्मापने [१] विग्रथिते पुरीषे शूले च भक्तानभिनन्दने च|

आध्मापने विग्रथिते पुरीषे शूले च भक्तानभिनन्दने च|

एवम्प्रकाराश्च भवन्ति कुक्षौ ये चामयास्तेषु च बस्तिरिष्टः||३३||

एवम्प्रकाराश्च भवन्ति कुक्षौ ये चामयास्तेषु च बस्तिरिष्टः||३३||

याश्च स्त्रियो वातकृतोपसर्गा [२] गर्भं न गृह्णन्ति नृभिः समेताः|

याश्च स्त्रियो वातकृतोपसर्गा गर्भं न गृह्णन्ति नृभिः समेताः|

क्षीणेन्द्रिया ये च नराः कृशाश्च बस्तिः [३] प्रशस्तः परमं च तेषु||३४|| (Char. Smah .Siddhi 1. 32-34)</blockquote>Various health conditions in which basti is recommended are listed below,   

क्षीणेन्द्रिया ये च नराः कृशाश्च बस्तिः प्रशस्तः परमं च तेषु||३४|| (Char. Smah. 1.32-34)<ref>Charak Smahita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 32-34)</ref></blockquote>तथा ज्वरातीसारतिमिरप्रतिश्यायशिरोरोगाधिमन्थार्दिताक्षेपकपक्षाघातैकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गरोगाध्मानोदर- योनिशूलशर्कराशूलवृद्ध्युपदंशानाहमूत्रकृच्छ्रगुल्मवातशोणितवातमूत्रपुरीषोदावर्त- शुक्रार्तवस्तन्यनाशहृद्धनुमन्याग्रहशर्कराश्मरीमूढगर्भप्रभृतिषु [१] चात्यर्थमुपयुज्यते ||५|| (Su chi 35.5) 

 

Various health conditions in which basti is recommended are listed below,   

# Vata related disorders in extremities like spasms, sprains, stiffness, pains, fracture etc.<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 10 Sutra 9-10)</ref>  

# Vata related disorders in extremities like spasms, sprains, stiffness, pains, fracture etc.<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 10 Sutra 9-10)</ref>  

* Indigesiton

* Indigesiton

* Excessive snigdhata (Unctuousness) in body

* Excessive snigdhata (Unctuousness) in body

* Ingested fatty substances lke ghee or oil etc

* Ingested fatty substances like ghee or oil etc

* Weak agni ( digestive fire)

* Weak agni ( digestive fire)

* anorexia

* anorexia

== How basti is absorbed in the body ==

== How basti is absorbed in the body ==

Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its prabhava irrespective of its retention inside body. <blockquote>वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते दोषानापादमस्तकात्” (सु.चि.अ.३५) इति</blockquote>The vata dosha present in this part controls all the activities in the body including movement of other 2 doshas namely kapha and pitta. Therefore basti which directly acts on vata at this site has the capacity to impart effect on all the activities in the body occurring under the control of all 3 doshas mainly vata. It is therefore said that Basti works as plant watered at its root & then root circulate it in all branches.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutram 24-25)</ref>  It has also been described as Ardha Chikitsa<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 39)</ref>  i.e. half the treatment for management of diseases. Basti contains decoction of herbs, oil, ghee, honey, salt and similar ingredients. Lipid soluble drugs in basti are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti.  

Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its [[Veeryam (वीर्यम्)|Veeryam]] irrespective of its retention inside body. This veeryam is circulated or transported all over the body by Apana vata, Vyana vata Udana vata etc which are different 5 types of vata doshas active in specific part of body and responsible for movements in specific direction inside body. <blockquote>स चापि सहसा बस्तिः केवलः समलोऽपि वा |

 

 

वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते दोषानापादमस्तकात्” (सु.चि.अ.३५) इति</blockquote>The vata dosha present in this part controls all the activities in the body including movement of other 2 doshas namely kapha and pitta. Therefore basti which directly acts on vata at this site has the capacity to impart effect on all the activities in the body occurring under the control of all 3 doshas mainly vata. It is therefore said that Basti works as plant watered at its root & then root circulate it in all branches.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutram 24-25)</ref>  It has also been described as Ardha Chikitsa<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 39)</ref>  i.e. half the treatment for management of diseases. Basti contains decoction of herbs, oil, ghee, honey, salt and similar ingredients. Lipid soluble drugs in basti are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti.  

== Mode of Action of Basti ==

== Mode of Action of Basti ==