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Line 17: − Prushta 4918 (Vachaspatyam)+ − <nowiki>https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8</nowiki>+ + − वि + रिच--णिच्--ल्युट् । मलादेर्निःसारणे+ − The word Virechana is derived from+ − Vi – upasarga(prefix), ric- dhatu(root), Lyut- pratyaya(suffix)+ − Meaning- to expel or evacuate the mala(impurity).+ + − Thus, expulsion of morbid doshas, mala(impurities) through anal route is virechana.+ − == Fit and Unfit for virechana == − WHO ARE FIT FOR VIRECHANA KARMA(INDICATIONS) − Gulma (swelling in abdomen) − + + + + + + + + + + + + + − Visphota (skin eruptions)+ + − Kamala (jaundice) − Jeerna Jwara (chronic fever) − Vidradhi (abscess)+ − Timira (eye condition)+ − + − Krimi (worm infestations)+ − + − Vrana (wounds and ulcers)+ − + − Pakvashaya vyatha (intestinal conditions)+ − + − Vatarakta (gout)+ − + − Apasmara (epilepsy)+ − − Yoni dosha (reproductive diseases) − − And many more (char.sidd.2.11-13) (asht.sutr.27.8-9) (sush. Chik. 33.25) − − − WHO ARE UNFIT FOR VIRECHANA KARMA(CONTRAINDICATIONS) − − There are certain conditions listed in the classical treatises wherein Virechana karma is not advised, − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − And few others (char.sidd.2.11-13) (asht.sutr.27.8-9) (sush. Chik. 33.25-32) − + − PURVA KARMA (PRE-PROCEDURE)+ − + − PRADHANA KARMA (MAIN PROCEDURE)+ − − PASCHAT KARMA (AFTER PROCEDURE) − + − − Collection of materials- this includes all the essential material, equipment’s, medicines to induces purgation or to manage complications ready beforehand. Few medicines and oil for abhyanga might be asked by your Vaidya to bring from store. − − Assessment of patient – patient or individual will be assessed by various parameters like, Dashavidha pareeksha or 10-fold examination which includes prakruti of patient and many other aspects. Ashtavidha pareeksha or 8-fold examination which includes naadi(pulse), bowel, bladder movements etc. This assessment is essential to know the strength of the patient and dose fixation. Patient’s blood pressure, pulse and various systemic examination will also be carried out when necessary. Basic biochemical test is done if necessary. − − Deepana and pachana karma – this is one the important pre procedure which involves kindling of digestive fire and enhancing the metabolism. Deepana and pachana dravya(drugs) are administered orally before virechana karma to prepare the body for digestion of heavy quantities of ghrita, Virechana medicine etc which will be decided by the Vaidya. − − Snehapana vidhi – snehapana or administration of medicated ghee is essential before virechana karma. For a period of 3-7 days in the morning, medicated ghee is administered orally in increasing pattern until Vaidya decides. The dose and period are decided based on the digestive ability of individual. − − Abhyanga and swedana – Abhyanga with medicated oil is done followed by swedana(fomentation or full body steam) after snehapana until the day of virechana, which is upto 3 days. − − Ahara – dietic regimen during the snepana is strictly followed to ease the process the virechana. Virechana required high pitta dosha in body, thus during snehapana patient is advised to consume food, which is liquidy in natue and hot in potency, it should not be too unctuous. A day before virechana karma patient is advisd to take laghu(light), ushna(hot), drava(liquidy), snigdha (unctuous), phalaamla rasa (juice of sour fruits) etc. during this whole process patient is advised to take lukewarm water whole time. (sush.chik.31.20) (asht.sutr.16.24) − + + + + + + + +
Editing the content
== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
In Vachaspatyam, etiology of the word virechanam can be found. <blockquote>वि + रिच--णिच्--ल्युट् । मलादेर्निःसारणे <ref>Vachaspatyam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8 Pag 4918])</ref></blockquote>According to this etyology, the word Virechana is derived from the root 'ric' which means to expel. The term virechanam can be spit into 3 parts as below,
Vi – upasarga (prefix)
ric- dhatu (root)
Lyut- pratyaya (suffix)
Meaning- to expel or evacuate the mala (impurity).
Thus, expulsion of morbid doshas or malas (impurities) of body is known as virechanam. In Ayurveda this term specifically indicates such expulsion through anal route by purgation which is done in a controlled manner as a theraputic procedure.
== Indications for Virechana Karma ==
Before advising the patient for virechana karma, physician considers whether the patient is fit or unfit for virechana procedure.
Indications for any panchakarma are mainly based on the dominance of dosha in a particular disorder and the site at which dosha provokes. Thus, to mention few, indications for virechana karma are,
Arshas (piles/haemorrhoids)
* Gulma (swelling in abdomen)
* Arshas (piles/haemorrhoids)
* Visphota (skin eruptions)
* Kamala (jaundice)
* Jeerna Jwara (chronic fever)
* Vidradhi (abscess)
* Timira (eye condition)
* Krimi (worm infestations)
* Vrana (wounds and ulcers)
* Pakvashaya vyatha (intestinal conditions)
* Vatarakta (gout)
* Apasmara (epilepsy)
* Yoni dosha (reproductive diseases) etc. <ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhayaya 2 Sutra 11-13)</ref> <ref name=":1">Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 27 Sutras 8-9)</ref> <ref name=":2">Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 33 Sutra 25-32)</ref>
== Contraindications for Virechana Karma ==
Virechana is not advised in Kapha dosha predominant diseases. In such cases virechana may not be carried out successfully due to excess kapha dosha hampering the action of virechaka dravyas (Purgative drugs). Inappropriately conducted virechana then can lead to complications. Also in individuals who have very weak digestive strength (agni) and overall strength (Balam), virechana is not recommended.
There are certain conditions listed in the classical treatises wherein Virechana karma is not advised by Ayurveda acharyas,
* Alpa agni (weak digestive fire)
* Adhoga raktapitta (bleeding disorders through lower orifices)
* Kshatakshina (emaciation)
* Atisaara (diarrhoea)
* Baala (infant)
* Kshama (weak)
* Garbhini(pregnant)
* Abhighata (injury)
* Durbala(weak)
* Madatyaya(alcoholic)
* Durbala indriya(weak sensory organs) etc <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" />
Alpa agni(weak digestive fire)
Adhoga raktapitta (bleeding disorders through lower orifices)
Kshatakshina (emaciation)
Atisaara (diarrhoea)
Baala (infant)
Kshama (weak)
Garbhini(pregnant)
Abhighata (injury)
Durbala(weak)
Madatyaya(alcoholic)
Durbala indriya(weak sensory organs)
== Procedure ==
== Procedure ==
The procedure of virechana karma is divided in 3 sections
The procedure of virechana karma is divided in 3 steps
# Purva Karma (pre procedure/before procedure)
# Pradhana Karma (main procedure)
# Pashchat Karma (after procedure)
=== Purva karma ===
=== Purva karma ===
Before assigning the patient for Virechana karma it is essential to decide whether the individual is fit for virechana karma. If condition of patient is not appropriately checked there are high chances of complications.
Before assigning the patient for Virechana karma it is essential to decide whether the individual is fit for virechana karma. If condition of patient is not appropriately checked there are high chances of complications.
Purva karma includes the process which involves everything which is to be done before the actual virechana karma,
Purva karma (Purva- pre, Karma-procedure) includes the process which involves everything which is to be done before the actual virechana karma,
Matra nirnaya(dose fixation) – dosage of virechana dravya is decided based on parameters like agni(digestive fire), roga bala(strength of disease), rogi bala(strength of patient), form of administration like churna(powder), kvatha(decoction), etc(char.sutr.15.10)
# '''Collection of materials'''- This includes keeping all the essential material, equipments, medicines to induce purgation or to manage complications ready beforehand. Few medicines and oil for [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|abhyanga]] might be asked by your Vaidya to be brought from store.
# '''Assessment of patient''' – Patient or individual will be assessed on the basis of various parameters like, Dashavidha pareeksha or 10-fold examination which includes assessment of [[Prakrti in Ayurveda (प्रकृतिः)|prakrti]] of patient, aggrvated doshas, balam (strength), Kala (time of the year and climate), age and many other aspects. Ashtavidha pareeksha or 8-fold examination which includes nadi (pulse), bowel, bladder movements etc. This assessment is essential to know the strength of the patient and dose fixation. Virechana is not given to patients aged below 16 and above 70 years of age. Patient’s blood pressure, pulse and various systemic examination will also be carried out when necessary. Basic biochemical test is done if necessary.
# '''Deepana and pachana karma''' – This is one the important pre procedure which involves kindling of digestive fire and enhancing the metabolism through medicines before posting the patient for virechanam and starting the snehapanam (oral administration of medicated ghee or oil). Deepana and pachana dravyas (drugs) are administered orally before virechana karma to prepare the body for digestion of heavy quantities of ghrita, Virechana medicine etc which will be decided by the [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]].
# '''Snehapanam''' – Snehapana (Sneha- an unctous substance like ghee or oil, pana-to drink) or administration of medicated ghee is essential before virechana karma. For a period of 3-7 days in the morning, medicated ghee is administered orally in escalating pattern until Vaidya decides to stop on the basis of signs and symptoms of oleation (snehanam) in the patient's body. The dose and period are decided based on the digestive ability of individual and signs of proper oleation (Snehanam) in the body. Appropriately done snehapanam is crucial for proper conduction of virechanam.
# '''Abhyanga and swedanam''' – [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga]] with medicated oil is done followed by swedana (sudation or fomentation or full body steam bath) after completion of snehapana until the day of virechana,. Usually there is gap of 2-3 days between completion of snehapanam and the day of actual virechana karma and in this gap abhyanagm and swedanam is done
# '''Diet before virechanam karma'''– Dietic regimen during the snepana is strictly followed to ease the process the virechana. Virechanam required high pitta dosha in body, thus after snehapana patient is advised to consume food, which is liquidy in nature and hot in potency, it should not be too unctuous. A day before virechana karma patient is advised to take laghu (light), ushna (hot), drava (liquidy), snigdha (unctuous), phalaamla rasa (juice of sour fruits) etc.
# '''Water''' -Dduring this entire process of virechanam, the patient is advised to take lukewarm water whole time.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 31 Sutra 20)</ref> <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 16 Sutra 24)</ref>
# '''Matra nirnaya (dose fixation''') – The dosage of virechana dravya is decided based on parameters like agni (digestive fire), roga balam (severity of disease), rogi [[Balam (बलम्)|balam]] (strength of patient), formulation of drug like churna (powder), kvatha (decoction), etc<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 15 Sutra 10)</ref>
Individual or patient is well acknowledged about the procedure beforehand. To keep the patient in good mental health, patient is required to have a good sleep, overhead bath, worn clean clothes, worshiping deities. Thus, a positive, happy and calm atmosphere is necessary.
Individual or patient is well acknowledged about the procedure beforehand. To keep the patient in good mental health, patient is required to have a good sleep, overhead bath, worn clean clothes, worshiping deities. Thus, a positive, happy and calm atmosphere is necessary.