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Nadi-sukta (नदीसुक्तम्) mentioned in Mandala 10, is a sukta (75) fully dedicated to the rivers. At least nineteen rivers have been invoked in the 5th and 6th mantras of this sukta, listed from east to west, mentioning the major rivers along with the tributaries of the Sindhu river.

Nadi-sukta (नदीसुक्तम्) mentioned in Mandala 10, is a sukta (75) fully dedicated to the rivers. At least nineteen rivers have been invoked in the 5th and 6th mantras of this sukta, listed from east to west, mentioning the major rivers along with the tributaries of the Sindhu river.

<blockquote>इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या । अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒याऽऽर्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या ॥५॥ तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या । त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से ॥६॥ (Rg.Veda. 10.75.5-6)<ref>Rg Veda ([https://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/rigveda/shakala-samhita/rigveda-shakala-samhita-mandal-10-sukta-075/ Mandala 10 Sukta 75])</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या । अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒याऽऽर्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या ॥५॥ तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या । त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से ॥६॥ (Rg.Veda. 10.75.5-6)<ref>Rg Veda ([https://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/rigveda/shakala-samhita/rigveda-shakala-samhita-mandal-10-sukta-075/ Mandala 10 Sukta 75])</ref></blockquote>

O Ganga (गङ्गा), Yamuna (यमुना), Sarasvati (सरस्वती), Shutudri (शुतुद्रि) or Shatudri, Parushni (परुष्णी), Asikni (असिक्नी), Marudvrdha (मरुद्वृधा), Vitasta (वितस्ता) along with Sushoma (सुषोमा) and Arjikiya (आर्जीकीय), accept and hear my praise for you. O Sindhu (सिन्धू), you, to meet the swift-flowing Gomati, first joined with river Trshtama (तृ॒ष्टामा). Later you join with Susarta (सुसर्ता), Rasa (रस), Sveta (श्वेता), Kubha (कुभ), Krumu (क्रुमु), and Mehatnu (मेह॒त्नु) and travel in the same chariot (i.e., flow as one river merging along with them).

O Ganga (गङ्गा), Yamuna (यमुना), Sarasvati (सरस्वती), Shutudri (शुतुद्रि) or Shatudri, Parushni (परुष्णी), Asikni (असिक्नी), Marudvrdha (मरुद्वृधा), Vitasta (वितस्ता) along with Sushoma (सुषोमा) and Arjikiya (आर्जीकीय), accept and hear my praise for you. O Sindhu (सिन्धू), you, to meet the swift-flowing Gomati, first joined with river Trshtama (तृ॒ष्टामा). Later you join with Susarta (सुसर्ता), Rasa (रस), Sveta (श्वेता), Kubha (कुभा), Krumu (क्रुमु), and Mehatnu (मेह॒त्नु) and travel in the same chariot (i.e., flow as one river merging along with them).

Following are more details about the rivers in Rgveda.<ref name=":2">Upadhyaya, Baldev (1958) Vaidik Sahitya (Pages 373 - 381)</ref>

Following are more details about the rivers in Rgveda.<ref name=":2">Upadhyaya, Baldev (1958) Vaidik Sahitya (Pages 373 - 381)</ref>

While the rivers, Sindhu, Sarasvati and to a lesser extent Ganga are familiar geographical landmarks in the Rgveda, there are many other rivers described in the veda, such as those mentioned in the Nadi-sukta. Most of the rivers mentioned here are of the Punjab region. The rivers that arise in Afghanistan and the Suleiman range in Pakistan and which drain into the Indus are Rasa, Kubha, Suvastu, Krumu and Gomati are also mentioned.     

While the rivers, Sindhu, Sarasvati and to a lesser extent Ganga are familiar geographical landmarks in the Rgveda, there are many other rivers described in the veda, such as those mentioned in the Nadi-sukta. Most of the rivers mentioned here are of the Punjab region. The rivers that arise in Afghanistan and the Suleiman range in Pakistan and which drain into the Indus are Rasa, Kubha, Suvastu, Krumu and Gomati are also mentioned.     

Marudvrdha (10.75.5) found to be located in the Kashmiri region, indicates that Kashmir valley could have been known to the people of those times.<ref name=":1" /> It is not a big river, said to be a western tributary of Chenab.<ref name=":2" />     

'''Marudvrdha (मरुद्वृधा)''' (10.75.5) located in the Kashmiri region, indicates that Kashmir valley could have been known to the people of those times.<ref name=":1" /> It is not a big river, said to be a western tributary of Chenab.<ref name=":2" />     

Arjikiya (आर्जीकीया) is a river which is mentioned in Nirukta (9.26). According to Nirukta, this river got its name आर्जीकीया as it may have originated from the Rijika (ऋजीक) mountain or because it follows a straight path (ऋजुगामिनी). Yaska mentions that another name of this river is Vipash (विपाश्), however, more clarity is required about the name of this river. Sushoma is said to be the Sohan river flowing in the Atak district.<ref name=":2" />     

'''Arjikiya (आर्जीकीया)''' is a river which is mentioned in Nirukta (9.26). According to Nirukta, this river got its name आर्जीकीया as it may have originated from the Rijika (ऋजीक) mountain or because it follows a straight path (ऋजुगामिनी). Yaska mentions that another name of this river is Vipash (विपाश्), however, more clarity is required about the name of this river. Sushoma is said to be the Sohan river flowing in the Atak district.<ref name=":2" />     

As given in the earlier section, the names of the six tributaries of Sindhu river are mentioned in Rgveda 10.75.6, the Nadi sukta.     

As given in the earlier section, the names of the six tributaries of Sindhu river are mentioned in Rgveda 10.75.6, the Nadi sukta.     

'''Susartu or Susarta (सुसर्ता)''' another tributary mentioned which is famous for flowing from south to the north. Presently called as "Khuru" it has eastern and western tributaries to it. It joins the Sindhu river after Jasakar river.<ref name=":2" />     

'''Susartu or Susarta (सुसर्ता)''' another tributary mentioned which is famous for flowing from south to the north. Presently called as "Khuru" it has eastern and western tributaries to it. It joins the Sindhu river after Jasakar river.<ref name=":2" />     

Rasa (रसा) is mentioned several times in Rgveda.     

'''Rasa (रसा)''' is mentioned several times in Rgveda. It is this river that Sarama crosses to reach the Panis. [[Sarama Pani Samvada (सरमापणिसंवादः)|Sarama and Pani Samvada]] is one of the important anecdotes described in the Rgveda (10.108). Many scholars equate this river to Ranha. This is the third tributary of the Sindhu and is said to be the Shebak river flowing in Kashmir in the present times.   

 

 

 

मा व॒: परि॑ ष्ठात् स॒रयु॑: पुरी॒षिण्य॒स्मे इत् सु॒म्नम॑स्तु वः ॥९॥ (Rg. Veda. 5.53.9)    </blockquote>Meaning: O Maruts! let not the Rasa, Anitabha, Kubha, Krumu and Sindhu not disturb you and rivers Purishini (which is Parushini) and Sarayu not stop your flow.<ref name=":2" />      

From the study of the rivers of Rgveda, it can be said that at that time people knew the regions like Afghanistan, Punjab, some parts of the Sindhu region, Rajputana, North-western region, Kashmir and the area extending up to the river Sarayu.   

From the study of the rivers of Rgveda, it can be said that at that time people knew the regions like Afghanistan, Punjab, some parts of the Sindhu region, Rajputana, North-western region, Kashmir and the area extending up to the river Sarayu.