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Line 2: − + − यमनियमासनप्राणायामप्रत्याहारधारणाध्यानसमाधयोऽष्टावङ्गानि ।। २.२९ ।।+ − ''yamaniyamAsanaprANAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhayo.aShTAva~NgAni || 2.29 ||''+ − Meaning : The 8 limbs of yoga are Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharna, Dhyana, Samadhi.+ − 2. Further Patanjali mentions the 5 Yamas in Sutra 2.30+ − The five Yama as per Patanjali are Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha.As per other texts the number may vary. + − अहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहा यमाः ।। २.३० ।।+ − − ''ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacharyAparigrahA yamAH || 2.30 ||'' − − Meaning : The five Yama as per Patanjali are Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha. As per other texts the number may vary. − − 3. The 10 Yamas as per Shandilya Upanishad are as below. − − “.... तत्राहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यदयाजप- क्षमाधृतिमिताहारशौचानि चेति यमादश ....” − − ''".... tatrāhiṁsāsatyāsteyabrahmacaryadayājapa- kṣamādhr̥timitāhāraśaucāni ceti yamādaśa ...."'' − − Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Daya, Japa, Kshama, Dhriti, Mitahara and Aarjava. Shandilya Upanishad Verse 1. (<nowiki>https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/shandilya.html</nowiki>) − − 4. Hatha Yoga Pradipika by Swatmaram also mentions Satya as below in chapter 1, verse 17. − − Line 36:
Line 20: − + − − − − Ref: Swami Muktibodhananda, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, 2013 ed. Pg. 56 Chap. 1 verse 16. Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India − === a. From Yeravda Mandir (Ashram Observances) By: M. K. Gandhi Translated from Gujarati by: Valji Govindji Desai, first edition 1932 ===+ − − − === '''b. '''Osho also discusses about Non-stealing in “Revolution in Education” chap 9, pg 102. === − − === c. Osho, Yoga - the Alpha and Omega Vol – 5. Pg 138 , online edition ===
no edit summary
== '''Scriptural Occurrences:''' ==
== '''Scriptural Occurrences:''' ==
1. Patanjal Yoga Sutras (2.29) enlists Yama as one of the limbs of Ashtanga Yoga as below.
1. Patanjal Yoga Sutras (2.29)<ref name=":0">[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8 Patanjal Yoga Sutras 2.29 2.30]</ref> enlists Yama as one of the limbs of Ashtanga Yoga as below. <blockquote>यमनियमासनप्राणायामप्रत्याहारधारणाध्यानसमाधयोऽष्टावङ्गानि ।। २.२९ ।।
''yamaniyamAsanaprANAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhayo.aShTAva~NgAni || 2.29 ||''</blockquote>Meaning : The 8 limbs of yoga are Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharna, Dhyana, Samadhi.
2. Further Patanjali mentions the 5 Yamas in Sutra 2.30<ref name=":0" />
The five Yama as per Patanjali are Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha.As per other texts the number may vary. <blockquote>अहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहा यमाः ।। २.३० ।। ''ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacharyAparigrahA yamAH || 2.30 ||''</blockquote>Meaning : The five Yama as per Patanjali are Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha. As per other texts the number may vary.
3. The 10 Yamas as per Shandilya Upanishad<ref>Shandilya Upanishad verse [https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/shandilya.html 1]</ref> are as below.<blockquote>“.... तत्राहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यदयाजप- क्षमाधृतिमिताहारशौचानि चेति यमादश ....”
''".... tatrāhiṁsāsatyāsteyabrahmacaryadayājapa- kṣamādhr̥timitāhāraśaucāni ceti yamādaśa ...."''</blockquote>Meaning: Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Daya, Japa, Kshama, Dhriti, Mitahara and Aarjava.
4. Hatha Yoga Pradipika by Swatmaram<ref>Swami Muktibodhananda, Hatha Yoga Pradipika,(2013), Bihar, Yoga Publications Trust - Chap. 1 verse 17</ref> also mentions Satya as below. <blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यमस्तेयं बरह्मछर्यं कष्हमा धॄतिः |
अहिंसा सत्यमस्तेयं बरह्मछर्यं कष्हमा धॄतिः |
दयार्जवं मिताहारः शौछं छैव यमा दश || १७ ||
दयार्जवं मिताहारः शौछं छैव यमा दश || १७ ||
''ahiṁsā satyamasteyaṁ barahmacharyaṁ kaṣhamā dhr̥̄tiḥ |''
''ahiṁsā satyamasteyaṁ barahmacharyaṁ kaṣhamā dhr̥̄tiḥ |''
''dayārjavaṁ mitāhāraḥ śauchaṁ chaiva yamā daśa || 17 ||''
''dayārjavaṁ mitāhāraḥ śauchaṁ chaiva yamā daśa || 17 ||''</blockquote>Meaning : “Non-violence, truth, non-stealing''',''' continence (being absorbed in a pure state of consciousness), forgiveness, endurance, compassion, humility, moderate diet and cleanliness are the ten rules of conduct (yama)”
“Non-violence, truth, non-stealing''',''' continence (being absorbed in a pure state of consciousness), forgiveness, endurance, compassion, humility, moderate diet and cleanliness are the ten rules of conduct (yama). (ii)”
== '''Why Asteya is required?''' ==
== '''Why Asteya is required?''' ==
Asteya is a virtue that a person is expected to bear. It is a Yama that a person can follow. Below are reasons for it.
Asteya is a virtue that a person is expected to bear. It is a Yama that a person can follow. Below are reasons for it.
a. M. K. Gandhi in From Yervada Mandir says<ref>M. K. Gandhi, From Yeravda Mandir (Ashram Observances) (1932) Translated from Gujarati by: Valji Govindji Desai, Ahmedabad, Navjivan Trust</ref><blockquote>Non-stealing will bring about a progressive reduction of his own wants. Much of the distressing poverty in this world has arisen out of breaches of the principle of Non-stealing.</blockquote>b. Osho also discusses about Non-stealing in “Revolution in Education” <blockquote>The present education system cannot do anything, because the whole system of education today is devised keeping goals in mind. We are teaching goals to children. We are teaching children not to steal – non-stealing is the goal. That goal is somewhere in the future: today the children steal. Today the teacher is stealing, the father is stealing, the mother is also stealing, the town is stealing, the whole world is stealing. And everybody is teaching non-stealing, to give up stealing. The child also takes a vow to give up stealing, but the moment this vow is being taken, at that very moment the stealing is accepted; stealing will continue – because the child says, he will give up stealing. What is promised for tomorrow becomes a lie; nothing is to be done today. Today stealing is to be done, has to be done – but it will have to be given up, that is the goal of man. Talking about the goals in the life of man is a highly dishonest thing.</blockquote>c. Osho, Yoga - the Alpha and Omega Vol – 5. Pg 138 , online edition
<blockquote>“Non-stealing will bring about a progressive reduction of his own wants. Much of the distressing poverty in this world has arisen out of breaches of the principle of Non-stealing.”</blockquote>
<blockquote>The present education system cannot do anything, because the whole system of education today is devised keeping goals in mind. We are teaching goals to children. We are teaching children not to steal – non-stealing is the goal. That goal is somewhere in the future: today the children steal. Today the teacher is stealing, the father is stealing, the mother is also stealing, the town is stealing, the whole world is stealing. And everybody is teaching non-stealing, to give up stealing. The child also takes a vow to give up stealing, but the moment this vow is being taken, at that very moment the stealing is accepted; stealing will continue – because the child says, he will give up stealing. What is promised for tomorrow becomes a lie; nothing is to be done today. Today stealing is to be done, has to be done – but it will have to be given up, that is the goal of man. Talking about the goals in the life of man is a highly dishonest thing.</blockquote>
<nowiki>http://www.baytallaah.com/osholibrary/reader.php?endpos=301403&page=138&book=Yoga%20-%20The%20Alpha%20and%20the%20Omega,%20Vol%205</nowiki>
<nowiki>http://www.baytallaah.com/osholibrary/reader.php?endpos=301403&page=138&book=Yoga%20-%20The%20Alpha%20and%20the%20Omega,%20Vol%205</nowiki>