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Good Governance (शासनधर्मः) (view source)
Revision as of 19:13, 12 August 2021
, 19:13, 12 August 2021Adding content - to be edited
Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 100 - Rama gives instruction to Bharata as regards the duties of a Raja and the polity under an ideal monarchy.
Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 100 - Rama gives instruction to Bharata as regards the duties of a Raja and the polity under an ideal monarchy.
He says,
मन्त्रो विजय मूलम् हि राज्नाम् भवति राघव | सुसम्वृतो मन्त्र धरैर् अमात्यैः शास्त्र कोविदैः || २-१००-१६
मन्त्रो विजय मूलम् हि राज्नाम् भवति राघव | सुसम्वृतो मन्त्र धरैर् अमात्यैः शास्त्र कोविदैः || २-१००-१६
The source of victory for Rajas indeed comes from a concealed counsel by ministers, who are well-versed in political sciences and who can hide their thoughts within themselves.
The source of victory for Rajas indeed comes from a concealed counsel by ministers, who are well-versed in political sciences and who can hide their thoughts within themselves.
Hence he asks,
कच्चिद् आत्म समाः शूराः श्रुतवन्तो जित इन्द्रियाः | कुलीनाः च इन्गितज्नाः च कृताः ते तात मन्त्रिणः || २-१००-१५
I hope that ministers who are valiant like you, learned, masters of their senses of noble birth and skilled interpreting internal sentiments by external gesture, are assigned to you.
At the same time, he also advices that,
कच्चिन् मन्त्रयसे न एकः कच्चिन् न बहुभिः सह | कच्चित् ते मन्त्रितो मन्त्रो राष्ट्रम् न परिधावति || २-१००-१८
I hope that you do not deliberate alone nor indeed with numerous men. I hope your decision arrived at by you through such deliberation does not flow to the public (even before it is carried out)
कच्चित् तु सुकृतान्य् एव कृत रूपाणि वा पुनः | विदुः ते सर्व कार्याणि न कर्तव्यानि पार्थिवाः || २-१००-२०
I hope the other kings know your entire undertakings only after they have been successfully completed as well as those which have taken a shape, but not your proposed undertakings.
कच्चिन् न तर्कैर् युक्त्वा वा ये च अप्य् अपरिकीर्तिताः | त्वया वा तव वा अमात्यैर् बुध्यते तात मन्त्रितम् || २-१००-२१
My darling! I hope that others are not knowing, by their enquiries or strategies or by any other approaches not mentioned, the details of discussions you make with your ministers.
सहस्राण्य् अपि मूर्खाणाम् यद्य् उपास्ते मही पतिः | अथ वा अप्य् अयुतान्य् एव न अस्ति तेषु सहायता || २-१००-२३
सहस्राण्य् अपि मूर्खाणाम् यद्य् उपास्ते मही पतिः | अथ वा अप्य् अयुतान्य् एव न अस्ति तेषु सहायता || २-१००-२३
Even one wise, valiant sagacious and efficient minister alone can cause to secure a great prosperity to the king or to one who enjoys royal authority.
Even one wise, valiant sagacious and efficient minister alone can cause to secure a great prosperity to the king or to one who enjoys royal authority.
कच्चिन् मुख्या महत्सु एव मध्यमेषु च मध्यमाः | जघन्याः च जघन्येषु भृत्याः कर्मसु योजिताः || २-१००-२५
I hope that superior servants are assigned superior works only, mediocre servants in mediocre works and inferior servants in inferior works.
कच्चिद्द् हृष्टः च शूरः च धृतिमान् मतिमान् शुचिः | कुलीनः च अनुरक्तः च दक्षः सेना पतिः कृतः || २-१००-३०
I hope an army-chief, who is cheerful, wise, courageous, valiant, well-behaved, born in a good family, who is beloved by his subordinates and efficient, is selected by you.
कचिद् बलस्य भक्तम् च वेतनम् च यथा उचितम् | सम्प्राप्त कालम् दातव्यम् ददासि न विलम्बसे || २-१००-३२
कचिद् बलस्य भक्तम् च वेतनम् च यथा उचितम् | सम्प्राप्त कालम् दातव्यम् ददासि न विलम्बसे || २-१००-३२
When there is delay in giving bread and wages, the servants become incensed against their master and become corrupt; and that is said to be a great unfortunate occurrence.
When there is delay in giving bread and wages, the servants become incensed against their master and become corrupt; and that is said to be a great unfortunate occurrence.
कच्चिज् जानपदो विद्वान् दक्षिणः प्रतिभानवान् | यथा उक्त वादी दूतः ते कृतो भरत पण्डितः || २-१००-३५
I hope that a knowledgeable man, living in your own country, a wise man a skilled person endowed with presence of mind and the one who knows how to speak to the point, is selected as an ambassador by you.
कच्चित् ते दयिताः सर्वे कृषि गो रक्ष जीविनः | वार्तायाम् संश्रितः तात लोको हि सुखम् एधते || २-१००-४७
कच्चित् ते दयिताः सर्वे कृषि गो रक्ष जीविनः | वार्तायाम् संश्रितः तात लोको हि सुखम् एधते || २-१००-४७
O, Bharata! I hope that your well-educated ministers examine a case dispassionately when a contention occurs between a rich man and a poor man, after studying the situation carefully.
O, Bharata! I hope that your well-educated ministers examine a case dispassionately when a contention occurs between a rich man and a poor man, after studying the situation carefully.
यानि मिथ्या अभिशस्तानाम् पतन्त्य् अस्राणि राघव | तानि पुत्र पशून् घ्नन्ति प्रीत्य् अर्थम् अनुशासतः || २-१००-५९
The tears fallen from those who are the victims of false accusations, O Bharata, destroy their sons and herds of those who are indifferent to justice, merely for the sake of pleasure.
कच्चिद् अर्थेन वा धर्मम् धर्मम् धर्मेण वा पुनः | उभौ वा प्रीति लोभेन कामेन न विबाधसे || २-१००-६२
कच्चिद् अर्थेन वा धर्मम् धर्मम् धर्मेण वा पुनः | उभौ वा प्रीति लोभेन कामेन न विबाधसे || २-१००-६२
Do you eschew the following fourteen for of kings -viz. atheism, falsehood, anger carelessness, procrastination, disregard of the wise, sloth, bondage to the five senses, himself alone devoting thought to the affairs of the state (without consulting the ministers); taking counsel with those of perverted insight; failure to undertake the projects already decided, failure to keep secrets, failure to utter auspicious words (at the beginning of an undertaking); and rising from one's seat (indiscriminately) to receive all.
Do you eschew the following fourteen for of kings -viz. atheism, falsehood, anger carelessness, procrastination, disregard of the wise, sloth, bondage to the five senses, himself alone devoting thought to the affairs of the state (without consulting the ministers); taking counsel with those of perverted insight; failure to undertake the projects already decided, failure to keep secrets, failure to utter auspicious words (at the beginning of an undertaking); and rising from one's seat (indiscriminately) to receive all.
दशपंचचतुर्वर्गान् सप्तवर्गं च तत्त्वतः | अष्टवर्गम् त्रिवर्गं च विद्यास्तिस्रश्च राघव २-१००-६८
इन्द्न्द्रियाणां जयं बुद्ध्यं षाड्गुण्यं दैवमानुषम् | कृत्यं विंशतिवर्गं च तथा प्रकृतिमण्डलं || २-१००-६९
यात्रादण्डविधानं च द्वियोनी संधिविग्रहौ | कच्छिदेतान् महाप्राज्ञ यथावदनुमन्यसे २-१००-७०
O, the very wise Bharata! I hope you understand the following and deal them properly the ten evils(1); the five kinds of fortifications(2); the four expedients(3); the seven limbs of state(4); the eight evils (born of anger) the three objects of human pursuit(5); the three branches of learning(6) subjugation of the senses, the six strategic expedients(7); adversity brought about by divine agencies(8); and by human agencies(9); the twenty types of monarches(10); and the entire population of the kingdom, setting about an an expedition, drawing up an army in a battle-array and the two bases viz, peace and war.
मन्त्रिभिस्त्वं यथोद्दिष्टैश्चतुर्भिस्त्रिभिरेव वा | कच्चित्समस्तैर्व्यस्तैश्च मन्त्रं मन्त्रयसे मिथः || २-१००-७१
मन्त्रिभिस्त्वं यथोद्दिष्टैश्चतुर्भिस्त्रिभिरेव वा | कच्चित्समस्तैर्व्यस्तैश्च मन्त्रं मन्त्रयसे मिथः || २-१००-७१