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Introduction to Mathematics (English) (view source)
Revision as of 14:41, 14 April 2021
, 14:41, 14 April 2021added content
Gradually, in subsequent times, ganita came to mean mathematics in general, while finger arithmetic as well as mental arithmetic were excluded from the scope of its meaning. Calculations were performed on a board (called paati) with a piece of chalk or on sand (dhuli) spread on the ground or in the paati. Thus higher mathematics came to be called Paatiganita or science of calculation on the board or dhuli-karma or dust work. Apart from boards and sand, a string of cord, a sanku (a stick) or gnomon whose shadow is cast using a mounted lamp source came to be used in many mathematical concepts such as that of length, distance. Shadows and calculation of time from them played vital role in astronomical calculations. '''(Illustrations of Paatiganita and Dhulikarma, Sanku, Drawing circle using a string)'''
Gradually, in subsequent times, ganita came to mean mathematics in general, while finger arithmetic as well as mental arithmetic were excluded from the scope of its meaning. Calculations were performed on a board (called paati) with a piece of chalk or on sand (dhuli) spread on the ground or in the paati. Thus higher mathematics came to be called Paatiganita or science of calculation on the board or dhuli-karma or dust work. Apart from boards and sand, a string of cord, a sanku (a stick) or gnomon whose shadow is cast using a mounted lamp source came to be used in many mathematical concepts such as that of length, distance. Shadows and calculation of time from them played vital role in astronomical calculations. '''(Illustrations of Paatiganita and Dhulikarma, Sanku, Drawing circle using a string)'''
== Fact Box ==
(Illustration for the following material)
Shadows were usually measured by vertically erecting a śaṅku (stick or gnomon) in an open area with a flat surface to ensure accuracy. Permanent fixtures of this kind were referred to as sundials in some cultures. In India, perhaps the most famous monuments attesting to the measurement of shadows are the sundials found at the various Jantar Mantars constructed by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh in the early 18th century CE.
== Interesting Facts ==
[[File:1.1.1.png|left|thumb|406.667x406.667px]]
[[File:1.1.2.png|thumb|514x514px]]
== Classroom Activity ==
Make a simple shadow using a sanku (take a stick or a pencil) placed in front a source of light (Sun, candle lamp). Compare the shadows formed with different things (small stick, big stick, pencil, crayon, book) with your classmates.
[[File:1.1.3.PNG|left|thumb|420.667x420.667px]]
'''(Illustration Required) A place holder is given below describing the concept.'''
L = Source of light, Sun or Lamp
ST = Height of a sanku placed before the lamp
CT = shadow formed
Illustration should also describe the difference of heights of a sanku and man.
== Other Activities ==
1. Name a five instances where think mathematics is used in your house?
2. Find out how many worlds are described in Vedas and Puranas.
3. Find out about Jantar-Mantars and observatories in India
4. Collect 2 pictures of places where you find patterns in the flooring, halls and walls of the buildings (any historical place of worship, a government building, a fort etc)
== References ==
<references />