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== जनपदोध्वंस परिभाषा ॥ What is Janapadodhwansa ==

== जनपदोध्वंस परिभाषा ॥ What is Janapadodhwansa ==

The term Janapadodhwansa is made up of 2 terms, Janapada (जनपदम्) and Udhwansa (उद्ध्वंसः). The term Janapada refers to human settlements like village, city, country etc while the the other term udhwansa means destruction. Thus destruction of human settlements is the basic meaning of Janapadodhwansa.

The term Janapadodhwansa is made up of 2 terms, Janapada (जनपदम्) and Udhwansa (उद्ध्वंसः). The term Janapada refers to human settlements like colony, village, city etc while the other term udhwansa means destruction. Thus destruction of human settlements is the basic meaning of Janapadodhwansa. The cause of such destruction could be either natural or made made calamities. Therefore the term Janapadodhwansa has been defined as destruction of human settlements or communities by means of natural and man-made calamities including epidemics. While listing the causes for Janapadodhwansa, Acharya charaka has opined that, in spite of being of different prakrti etc the other factors in environment which are common for everyone, lead to development of disease with similar presentation at the same time. Therefore many individuals in the same region suffer from same complaints in that period of time. <blockquote>..... अपि तु खलु जनपदोद्ध्वंसनमेकेनैव व्याधिना युगपदसमानप्रकृत्याहारदेहबलसात्म्यसत्त्ववयसां मनुष्याणां कस्माद्भवतीति। प्रकृत्यादिभिर्भावैर्मनुष्याणां येऽन्ये भावाः सामान्यास्तद्वैगुण्यात् समानकालाः समानलिङ्गाश्च व्याधयोऽभिनिर्वर्तमाना जनपदमुद्ध्वंसयन्ति ॥ (Char Samh 3.5-6)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutram 5-6)</ref></blockquote><blockquote>..... api tu khalu janapadoddhvaṁsanamekenaiva vyādhinā yugapadasamānaprakr̥tyāhāradehabalasātmyasattvavayasāṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ kasmādbhavatīti। prakr̥tyādibhirbhāvairmanuṣyāṇāṁ ye'nye bhāvāḥ sāmānyāstadvaiguṇyāt samānakālāḥ samānaliṅgāśca vyādhayo'bhinirvartamānā janapadamuddhvaṁsayanti ॥ (Char Samh 3.5-6)</blockquote>

 

Janapadodhwansa has been defined as destruction of human settlements or communities by means of natural and man-made calamities including epidemics.  

 

भैषज्यानि, सम्यग्विहितानि, सम्यगवचारितानि च; अपि तु खलु जनपदोद्ध्वंसनमेकेनैव व्याधिना युगपदसमानप्रकृत्याहारदेहबलसात्म्यसत्त्ववयसां मनुष्याणां कस्माद्भवतीति 5

 

प्रकृत्यादिभिर्भावैर्मनुष्याणां येऽन्ये भावाः सामान्यास्तद्वैगुण्यात् समानकालाः समानलिङ्गाश्च व्याधयोऽभिनिर्वर्तमाना जनपदमुद्ध्वंसयन्ति|

 

ते तु खल्विमे भावाः सामान्या जनपदेषु भवन्ति; तद्यथा- वायुः, उदकं, देशः, काल इति||६||

== जनपदोध्वंसस्य हेतवः ॥ Causes of Janapadodhwansa ==

== जनपदोध्वंसस्य हेतवः ॥ Causes of Janapadodhwansa ==

Charaka has attributed the outbreak of Janapadodhwansa to vitiation of factors like Vayu (Air), Jalam (Water), Desha (Land) and Kala (Time/season) which are common factors for every individual in a specific region. Along with that, weapons, affliction by evil spirits (Rakshasas) and other creatures as well as curse by preceptors are the other 3 potential causes of Janapadodhwansa listed by Charaka. (Cha. Vi 3/ 21-23). (Fig 1)

Charaka has attributed the outbreak of Janapadodhwansa to vitiation of factors like Vayu (Air), Jalam (Water), Desha (Land) and Kala (Time/season) which are common factors for every individual in a specific region. Along with that, weapons, affliction by evil spirits (Rakshasas) and other creatures as well as curse by preceptors are the other 3 potential causes of Janapadodhwansa listed by Charaka.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutram 21-23)</ref> <blockquote>प्रकृत्यादिभिर्भावैर्मनुष्याणां येऽन्ये भावाः सामान्यास्तद्वैगुण्यात् समानकालाः समानलिङ्गाश्च व्याधयोऽभिनिर्वर्तमाना जनपदमुद्ध्वंसयन्ति| ते तु खल्विमे भावाः सामान्या जनपदेषु भवन्ति; तद्यथा- वायुः, उदकं, देशः, काल इति ॥ (Char Samh 3.5-6)</blockquote>

 

प्रकृत्यादिभिर्भावैर्मनुष्याणां येऽन्ये भावाः सामान्यास्तद्वैगुण्यात् समानकालाः समानलिङ्गाश्च व्याधयोऽभिनिर्वर्तमाना जनपदमुद्ध्वंसयन्ति|

 

ते तु खल्विमे भावाः सामान्या जनपदेषु भवन्ति; तद्यथा- वायुः, उदकं, देशः, काल इति||६||

=== शस्त्रप्रभवः जनपदोध्वंसः ॥ Weapons ===

=== शस्त्रप्रभवः जनपदोध्वंसः ॥ Weapons ===

Janapadodhwansa caused by weapons refers to the massive destruction of human settlements due to war. In the times of war, weapons are used to defeat enemy which cause injuries resulting in morbidity and mortality of lot of people residing in the particular region. Although the cause of destruction of human settlement is war or weapons, the fundamental cause is unrighteous act alone. Charaka states that, excessive lobha (greed), krodha (anger), moha (attachment) make people fight among themselves with weapons by disregarding the weak. They then attach their enemies or get attacked by enemies. This ultimately gives rise to war and human destruction of human settlements.  <blockquote>तथा शस्त्रप्रभवस्यापि जनपदोद्ध्वंसस्याधर्म एव हेतुर्भवति । (Char Samh 3.21)</blockquote><blockquote>tathā śastraprabhavasyāpi janapadoddhvaṁsasyādharma eva heturbhavati । (Char Samh 3.21)</blockquote>

 

 

In the same manner, it is unrighteous act alone that is the cause of the destruction of peoples by weapons. Those who suffer from excessive lobha (greed), krodha (anger), moha (attachment), and disregard the weak may start fighting among themselves with weapons and attack either the enemies or get attacked by enemies.

=== विगुणवायुजलदेशकालाः॥ Vitiated Air, Water, land and season ===

=== विगुणवायुजलदेशकालाः॥ Vitiated Air, Water, land and season ===