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Nidra (Samskrit: निद्रा) refers to the sleep. Sleep is not merely the state of reversible unconsciousness but according to Ayurveda, sleep is that state of body, mind, senses and energy where the interaction between [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|purush]] (पुरुषः) and loka (लोकम्) is suspended for some time and all the above components relax, rejuvenate and re-energize the person. Sleep is associated with health and well-being of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|body]] (शरीरम्), [[Manas (मनः)|mind]] (मनः) and senses ([[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|इन्द्रियाणि]]). Sleep plays major role in the energy dynamics of the body-mind system of a human being. It is that aspect of life process which helps to restore and preserve energy which also help to carry out body tissue repair. Ayurveda considers sleep as one of the 3 supports of life and thus has given significant attention to the causes, process, effects and disorders related to the sleep.  

Nidra (Samskrit: निद्रा) refers to the sleep. Sleep is not merely the state of reversible unconsciousness but, according to Ayurveda, sleep is that state of body, mind, senses and energy where the interaction between [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|purush]] (पुरुषः) and loka (लोकम्) is suspended for some time. This provides rest and relaxation to body, mind and senses which consequently relax, rejuvenate and re-energize the person. Thus, sleep is associated with health and well-being of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|body]] (शरीरम्), [[Manas (मनः)|mind]] (मनः) and senses ([[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|इन्द्रियाणि]]). Sleep plays major role in the energy dynamics of the body-mind system of a human being. It is that aspect of life process which helps to restore and preserve energy which which could be then utilized to carry out body tissue repair. Because of this Ayurveda has considered sleep as one of the 3 supports of life and thus has given significant attention to the causes, process, effects and disorders related to the sleep.  

== त्रयोपस्तंभाः॥ Trayopastambha ==

== त्रयोपस्तंभाः॥ Trayopastambha ==

Ayurveda has put forward the concept of 3 supporting pillars of life. These are called as 3 upastambhas. It is stated that, strength, immunity, complexion and growth of any individual is dependent on well-regulated support of 3 factors namely Ahara (food), nidra (sleep) and observance of bramhacharya (celibacy/control of senses) (Cha. Su. 11/35). These are called supports or pillars of one’s [[Ayu (आयुः)|Ayu]] or life.  <blockquote>त्रय उपस्तम्भा इति- आहारः, स्वप्नो, ब्रह्मचर्यमिति; एभिस्त्रिभिर्युक्तियुक्तैरुपस्तब्धमुपस्तम्भैः शरीरं बलवर्णोपचयोपचितमनुवर्तते यावदायुःसंस्कारात् संस्कारमहितमनुपसेवमानस्य, य इहैवोपदेक्ष्यते॥ (Char Samh 11.35)<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyayam 11 Sutram 35)</ref></blockquote><blockquote>traya upastambhā iti- āhāraḥ, svapno, brahmacaryamiti; ebhistribhiryuktiyuktairupastabdhamupastambhaiḥ śarīraṁ balavarṇopacayopacitamanuvartate yāvadāyuḥsaṁskārāt saṁskāramahitamanupasevamānasya, ya ihaivopadekṣyate॥ (Char Samh 11.35)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Meaning: Three supporting pillars of life: Ahara (food), nidra (sleep) and observance of bramhacharya ( celibacy/control of senses). By the wisdom of well regulated support of these three pillars one can get body with strength, good complexion and proper growth and this continues throughout life, provided person does not get involved in regimens which are detrimental for health, these are discussed in this chapter.<ref>Charaka samhita online (Sutra Sthanasutra  Chapter 11.The Three Desires of Life and important triads sutram 35)</ref>

Ayurveda has put forward the concept of 3 supporting pillars of life. These are called as 3 upastambhas. It is stated that, strength, immunity and growth of any individual is dependent on well-regulated support of 3 factors namely Ahara (food), nidra (sleep) and observance of bramhacharya (celibacy/control of senses). These are called supports or pillars of one’s [[Ayu (आयुः)|Ayu]] or life.  <blockquote>त्रय उपस्तम्भा इति- आहारः, स्वप्नो, ब्रह्मचर्यमिति; एभिस्त्रिभिर्युक्तियुक्तैरुपस्तब्धमुपस्तम्भैः शरीरं बलवर्णोपचयोपचितमनुवर्तते यावदायुःसंस्कारात् संस्कारमहितमनुपसेवमानस्य, य इहैवोपदेक्ष्यते॥ (Char Samh 11.35)<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyayam 11 Sutram 35)</ref></blockquote><blockquote>traya upastambhā iti- āhāraḥ, svapno, brahmacaryamiti; ebhistribhiryuktiyuktairupastabdhamupastambhaiḥ śarīraṁ balavarṇopacayopacitamanuvartate yāvadāyuḥsaṁskārāt saṁskāramahitamanupasevamānasya, ya ihaivopadekṣyate॥ (Char Samh 11.35)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Meaning: Three supporting pillars of life: Ahara (food), nidra (sleep) and observance of bramhacharya ( celibacy/control of senses). By the wisdom of well regulated support of these three pillars one can get body with strength, good complexion and proper growth and this continues throughout life, provided person does not get involved in regimens which are detrimental for health, these are discussed in this chapter.<ref>Charaka samhita online (Sutra Sthanasutra  Chapter 11.The Three Desires of Life and important triads sutram 35)</ref>

Thus, Nidra plays integral role in one’s health and wellness and therefore it is regarded as one of the 3 supports of life.   

Thus, Nidra plays integral role in one’s health and wellness and therefore it is regarded as one of the 3 supports of life.   

== निद्रा उत्पत्तिः॥ Utpatti of Nidra ==

== निद्रा उत्पत्तिः॥ Utpatti of Nidra ==

Acharya Sushruta has stated that, Nidra originates from maya of devata Vishnu (विष्णुः). Thus, nidra is said to be Vaishnavi (वैष्णवी). As per Hindu tradition, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the 3 devatas (देवताः) which represent the 3 dimensions of cosmic energy, creation, sustenance and destruction respectively. In this, Vishnu devata sustains the creation and represents the eternal principle of preservation. Thus, with respect to the human body Vaishnavi Nidra is said to be the factor that sustains life and helps in energy preservation. Therefore while evaluating the energy dynamics of human body Ayurveda lays high emphasis on sleep disturbances of the individual.  

Acharya Sushruta has stated that, Nidra originates from maya of devata Vishnu (विष्णुः). Thus, nidra is said to be Vaishnavi (वैष्णवी). As per Hindu tradition, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the 3 devatas (देवताः) which represent the 3 dimensions of cosmic energy, creation, sustenance and destruction respectively. In this, Vishnu devata sustains the creation and represents the eternal principle of preservation. Thus, with respect to the human body, Vaishnavi Nidra is said to be the one that sustains life and helps in energy preservation. Therefore while evaluating the energy dynamics of human body Ayurveda lays high emphasis on sleep disturbances of the individual.  

== निद्रा त्रिगुण संबंधः॥ Nidra and Triguna ==

== निद्रा त्रिगुण संबंधः॥ Nidra and Triguna ==

Nidra is said to occur due to Tamas guna abundance in body while Satva guna abundance helps one to wake-up from sleep. Therefore, abundance of these gunas in surroundings during day & night cycle naturally one feels sleepy or awakened. Raja guna affects movements of [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] which is the main component of sleep pathway and thus this disturbs the normal pattern of sleep.  

Nidra is said to occur due to [[Tamas (तमः)|Tamas]] guna abundance in body while [[Sattva (सत्त्वम्)|Sattva]] guna abundance helps one to wake-up from sleep. Therefore, abundance of these gunas in surroundings during day & night cycle naturally makes one feel sleepy or awakened. [[Rajas (रजः)|Rajas]] guna is responsible for movements of [[Manas (मनः)|manas]]. Manas is the main component of sleep pathway and it should be detached from all the other activities to initiate the sleep process. Excess of rajas constantly involve manas in some sensory or motor activity and thus unregulated movement of manas disturbs the normal pattern of sleep.  

== निद्राभेदाः॥ Types of Nidra ==

== निद्राभेदाः॥ Types of Nidra ==

[[Category:Ayurveda]]

[[Category:Ayurveda]]