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Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता) is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated in the Bhishma Parva of the [[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]]. In the 14th discourse of Bhagvad Gita, Lord Krishna narrates the role of Trigunas in one's life. At this place, Rajas guna has been described by lord Krishna.

Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता) is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated in the Bhishma Parva of the [[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]]. In the 14th discourse of Bhagvad Gita, Lord Krishna narrates the role of Trigunas in one's life. At this place, Rajas guna has been described by lord Krishna.

<blockquote>रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् । तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम् ॥14- 7॥ '''B.G'''</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>rajo rāgātmakaṁ viddhi tr̥ṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam । tannibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam ॥14- 7॥</blockquote>

<blockquote>रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् । तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम् ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.7)</blockquote><blockquote>rajo rāgātmakaṁ viddhi tr̥ṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam । tannibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.7)</blockquote>

Meaning: Rajo guṇa is of the nature of passion. It arises from worldly desires and affections, and binds the soul through attachment to fruitive actions.

Meaning: Rajo guṇa is of the nature of passion. It arises from worldly desires and affections, and binds the soul through attachment to fruitive actions.

<blockquote>लोभ: प्रवृत्तिरारम्भ: कर्मणामशम: स्पृहा । रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ ॥14- 12॥</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>lobha: pravr̥ttirārambha: karmaṇāmaśama: spr̥hā । rajasyetāni jāyante vivr̥ddhe bharatarṣabha ॥14- 12॥</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>Meaning: Rajo guṇa excess leads to greed, inordinate activity for worldly attainments, restlessness of the mind and desires.  

<blockquote>लोभ: प्रवृत्तिरारम्भ: कर्मणामशम: स्पृहा । रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.12)</blockquote><blockquote>lobha: pravr̥ttirārambha: karmaṇāmaśama: spr̥hā । rajasyetāni jāyante vivr̥ddhe bharatarṣabha ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.12)</blockquote>Meaning: Rajo guṇa excess leads to greed, inordinate activity for worldly attainments, restlessness of the mind and desires.  

Rajas guna binds the soul to material existence. The way in which this bond develops is explained by describing the multiple manifestations occurring due to Rajas at the level of mind, emotions and intellect of a human being. The principal manifestation is described as attachment and desires. It promotes attachment to worldly things, fuels lust for sensual enjoyment, generates desires for physical and mental pleasures. Thus, those who are influenced by Rajas guna get engrossed in worldly pursuits of personal and professional goals to achieve status, prestige, successful career, family and home. These material possessions are looked upon as the sources of pleasure by them. All efforts are focused in a direction to fulfill these desires and this ultimately again increase the Rajas guna since the greed to get more is endless. In this way rajas guna traps the soul to it material existence and worldly life.   

Rajas guna binds the soul to material existence. The way in which this bond develops is explained by describing the multiple manifestations occurring due to Rajas at the level of mind, emotions and intellect of a human being. The principal manifestation is described as attachment and desires. It promotes attachment to worldly things, fuels lust for sensual enjoyment, generates desires for physical and mental pleasures. Thus, those who are influenced by Rajas guna get engrossed in worldly pursuits of personal and professional goals to achieve status, prestige, successful career, family and home. These material possessions are looked upon as the sources of pleasure by them. All efforts are focused in a direction to fulfill these desires and this ultimately again increase the Rajas guna since the greed to get more is endless. In this way rajas guna traps the soul to it material existence and worldly life.   

== मनोदोषः रजः ॥ Rajas as dosha of manas ==

== मनोदोषः रजः ॥ Rajas as dosha of manas ==

In Samskrit, guna indicates virtue while, dosha is considered its antonym which means defect in something. Although Rajas is included under Trigunas, Ayurveda identifies it as one of the doshas. Since rajas guna is responsible for development of desires, ego, greed it makes the person incapable to obtain real knowledge. Rajas disturbs the knowledge pathway and makes person vulnerable to create mistakes. Thus, Ayurveda considers it as a dosha of manas. Sattva is considered as the pure virtue of mind.<blockquote>रजस्तमश्च मनसो द्वौ च दोषावुदाहृतौ॥ (Asht Hrud 1.21)<ref>Ashtang Hrudayam ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/ehrudayam/?mod=read&h=rajas Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 121])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>rajastamaśca manaso dvau ca doṣāvudāhr̥tau॥</blockquote>

In Samskrit, guna indicates virtue while, dosha is considered its antonym which means defect in something. Although Rajas is included under Trigunas, Ayurveda identifies it as one of the doshas. Since rajas guna is responsible for development of desires, ego, greed it makes the person incapable to obtain real knowledge. Rajas disturbs the knowledge pathway and makes person vulnerable to create mistakes. Thus, Ayurveda considers it as a dosha of manas. Sattva is considered as the pure virtue of mind.<blockquote>रजस्तमश्च मनसो द्वौ च दोषावुदाहृतौ॥ (Asht Hrud 1.21)<ref name=":2">Ashtang Hrudayam ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/ehrudayam/?mod=read&h=rajas Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 121])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>rajastamaśca manaso dvau ca doṣāvudāhr̥tau॥ (Asht Hrud 1.21)<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>

Meaning: Rajas and Tamas are considered as 2 doshas of manas.

Meaning: Rajas and Tamas are considered as 2 doshas of manas.

When Rajas dosha overpowers sattva guna in manas, the person shows peculiar behavior. The mind, body, emotions and behavior of the person which hints towards Rajas dominance is described by Ayurveda acharyas as below.

When Rajas dosha overpowers sattva guna in manas, the person shows peculiar behavior. The mind, body, emotions and behavior of the person which hints towards Rajas dominance is described by Ayurveda acharyas as below.

<blockquote>राजसानि दुरुपचारताऽनार्यं शौर्य्यं मात्सर्यममितभाषित्वमहङ्कारो लोलुपत्वं दम्भो मानः क्रोधो हर्षः कामश्च ॥ (Asht Sang (5.20)<ref>Ashtang Samgraha ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/esangraha/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyayam 5 Sutram 20])</ref>  </blockquote><blockquote>rājasāni durupacāratā'nāryaṁ śauryyaṁ mātsaryamamitabhāṣitvamahaṅkāro lolupatvaṁ dambho mānaḥ krodho harṣaḥ kāmaśca ॥ (Asht Sang (5.20)</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>Meaning: Difficulty in treatment, ill mannerism, bravery, jealousy, talkativeness, egoism, greediness, hypocrisy, arrogance, anger, excitement and lust are the peculiarities developed from Rajas guna in a human being.  

<blockquote>राजसानि दुरुपचारताऽनार्यं शौर्य्यं मात्सर्यममितभाषित्वमहङ्कारो लोलुपत्वं दम्भो मानः क्रोधो हर्षः कामश्च ॥ (Asht Sang (5.20)<ref>Ashtang Samgraha ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/esangraha/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyayam 5 Sutram 20])</ref>  </blockquote><blockquote>rājasāni durupacāratā'nāryaṁ śauryyaṁ mātsaryamamitabhāṣitvamahaṅkāro lolupatvaṁ dambho mānaḥ krodho harṣaḥ kāmaśca ॥ (Asht Sang (5.20)</blockquote>Meaning: Difficulty in treatment, ill mannerism, bravery, jealousy, talkativeness, egoism, greediness, hypocrisy, arrogance, anger, excitement and lust are the peculiarities developed from Rajas guna in a human being.  

==राजसप्रकृतिपुरुषस्य लक्षणानि॥ Tamasika prakrti signs==

==राजसप्रकृतिपुरुषस्य लक्षणानि॥ Tamasika prakrti signs==

Extreme craving for food, extremely painful disposition in character, jealous nature, actions with prejudice, extremely greedy and inactive individuals are believed to possess praita type of mind.<blockquote>आहारकाममतिदुःखशीलाचारोपचारमसूयकमसंविभागिनमतिलोलुपमकर्मशीलं प्रैतं विद्यात् ॥ (Char Samh 4.38)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>āhārakāmamatiduḥkhaśīlācāropacāramasūyakamasaṁvibhāginamatilolupamakarmaśīlaṁ praitaṁ vidyāt ॥ (Char Samh 4.38)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

Extreme craving for food, extremely painful disposition in character, jealous nature, actions with prejudice, extremely greedy and inactive individuals are believed to possess praita type of mind.<blockquote>आहारकाममतिदुःखशीलाचारोपचारमसूयकमसंविभागिनमतिलोलुपमकर्मशीलं प्रैतं विद्यात् ॥ (Char Samh 4.38)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>āhārakāmamatiduḥkhaśīlācāropacāramasūyakamasaṁvibhāginamatilolupamakarmaśīlaṁ praitaṁ vidyāt ॥ (Char Samh 4.38)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

==मद लक्षणानि॥ Signs when the person with Rajas dominance is intoxicated==

==राजस मद लक्षणानि॥ Signs when the person with Rajas dominance is intoxicated==

Rajas mada is an exclusive concept in Ayurveda. Ayurveda has described effects of intoxication due to excessively taken or inappropriately taken madyam (alcohol) or any other intoxicating drug. The state of such intoxication is considered abnormal and demands medical intervention. Ayurveda acharyas have also described the symptoms of such intoxication depending upon the dominance of sattva, rajas and tamas in [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] of the intoxicated individual. This helps a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] to decide the line of treatment specific to that patient and helps to get that individual out of that state of misery quickly. The symptoms of intoxication in a person having rajas dominance are described by acharya Sushruta as below.

Rajas mada is an exclusive concept in Ayurveda. Ayurveda has described effects of intoxication due to excessively taken or inappropriately taken madyam (alcohol) or any other intoxicating drug. The state of such intoxication is considered abnormal and demands medical intervention. Ayurveda acharyas have also described the symptoms of such intoxication depending upon the dominance of sattva, rajas and tamas in [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] of the intoxicated individual. This helps a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] to decide the line of treatment specific to that patient and helps to get that individual out of that state of misery quickly. The symptoms of intoxication in a person having rajas dominance are described by acharya Sushruta as below.<blockquote>राजसे दुःखशीलत्वमात्मत्यागं ससाहसम् । कलहं सानुबन्धं तु करोति पुरुषे मदः ॥ (Sush Samh 45.208)<ref name=":1">Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=rAjase Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutram 208])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>rājase duḥkhaśīlatvamātmatyāgaṁ sasāhasam । kalahaṁ sānubandhaṁ tu karoti puruṣe madaḥ ॥ (Sush Samh 45.208)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>Meaning: When a rajas dominant person is intoxicated he is distressed, develops suicidal thoughts, prone to take up adventures, constantly engage in quarrels.  

राजसे दुःखशीलत्वमात्मत्यागं ससाहसम् । कलहं सानुबन्धं तु करोति पुरुषे मदः ॥ (Sush Samh 45.208)<ref name=":1">Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=rAjase Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutram 208])</ref>

Rajas being dosha of manas it is believed to be responsible for development of various physical and psychological ailments. Acharya charaka has described various emotional and behavioral abnormalities related to excess of Rajas and tamas doshas and they are as belows.<blockquote>रजस्तमश्च मानसौ दोषौ । तयोर्विकाराः कामक्रोधलोभमोहेर्ष्यामानमदशोकचित्तो(न्तो)द्वेगभयहर्षादयः|...</blockquote><blockquote>....तत्र खल्वेषां द्वयानामपि दोषाणां त्रिविधं प्रकोपणं; तद्यथा- असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति॥ (Char Samh 6.6.)<ref>Charak Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyayam 6 Sutram 6])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>rajastamaśca mānasau doṣau । tayorvikārāḥ kāmakrodhalobhamoherṣyāmānamadaśokacitto(nto)dvegabhayaharṣādayaḥ|...</blockquote><blockquote>....tatra khalveṣāṁ dvayānāmapi doṣāṇāṁ trividhaṁ prakopaṇaṁ; tadyathā- asātmyendriyārthasaṁyogaḥ, prajñāparādhaḥ, pariṇāmaśceti॥ (Char Samh 6.6.)</blockquote>

Meaning: Rajas and Tamas are doshas of manas. The disorders caused by them are lust, anger, greed, delusion, jealousy, ego, intoxication, grief, stress, anxiety, fear and excitement etc. ...The causes for aggravation of these doshas are 3 viz. unwholesome contact with the object of senses, intellectual errors, and seasonal vagaries.

 

Meaning: When a rajas dominant person is intoxicated he is distressed, develops suicidal thoughts, prone to take up adventures, constantly engage in quarrels.  

 

 

 

तत्र खल्वेषां द्वयानामपि दोषाणां त्रिविधं प्रकोपणं; तद्यथा- असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति||६|| Cha vi 6/6

 

== Correlation of rajas and tamas ==

 

 

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