Changes

  '''Purnima occurs when Sun and Moon are on the opposite celestial longitudes (180°)'''

  '''Purnima occurs when Sun and Moon are on the opposite celestial longitudes (180°)'''

A lunar month can thus be reckoned in two ways both of which are followed in Bharatiya Kalamana, thus we have two calendar systems

A lunar month can thus be reckoned in two ways both of which are followed in Bharatiya Kalamana, thus we have two calendar systems

* '''Amanta or Mukhyamana''' - starting from Amavasya (new moon) to the succeeding Amavasya. This system is followed in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

* '''अमान्त-पद्धतिः ॥ Amanta or Mukhyamana''' - starting from Amavasya (new moon) to the succeeding Amavasya. This system is followed in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

* '''Purnimanta or Gaunamana''' - starting from Purnima (full moon) to the succeeding Purnima. This system is followed in most of the north Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Kashmir.  

* '''पूर्णिमान्त-पद्धतिः ॥ Purnimanta or Gaunamana''' - starting from Purnima (full moon) to the succeeding Purnima. This system is followed in most of the north Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Kashmir.  

=== चन्द्रकलाः ॥ Phases of Moon ===

=== चन्द्रकलाः ॥ Phases of Moon ===

Phases of the Moon is a term used to describe the course of the Moon during the lunar month. During the course of a lunar month, the size and shape of the moon visible from earth appear to change from day to day. Terms such as new, cresent, half, gibbous, and full and then again in the reverse order, until it is new are used to explain the phases of the moon between two Amavasyas. Fifteen tithis or half of a lunar month is called Paksha (पक्षम्) or a fortnight. The Paksha starting from a new moon to the succeeding full moon is called Shukla Paksha (शक्लपक्षम्) or Bright Fortnight and the other Paksha from the full moon to the next new moon is call Krshna Paksha (कृष्णपक्षम्) or the Dark Fortnight. The names of the tithis remain the same in both pakshas, however, this categorization is significant in determination of the coordinates of a day in a given month. Specific activities are associated with each such tithi in a ritual perspective.  

Phases of the Moon is a term used to describe the course of the Moon during the lunar month. During the course of a lunar month, the size and shape of the moon visible from earth appear to change from day to day. Terms such as new, cresent, half, gibbous, and full and then again in the reverse order, until it is new are used to explain the phases of the moon between two Amavasyas. Fifteen tithis or half of a lunar month is called Paksha (पक्षम्) or a fortnight. The Paksha starting from a new moon to the succeeding full moon is called Shukla Paksha (शक्लपक्षम्) or Bright Fortnight and the other Paksha from the full moon to the next new moon is call Krshna Paksha (कृष्णपक्षम्) or the Dark Fortnight. The names of the tithis remain the same in both pakshas, however, this categorization is significant in determination of the coordinates of a day in a given month. Specific activities are associated with each such tithi in a ritual perspective.<ref name=":2" />

=== तिथयः ॥ Names of Tithis ===

=== तिथयः ॥ Names of Tithis ===

The tithis or lunar days which make a Chandra Masa have the following names. The fifteenth tithi is called Purnima and the thirtieth tithi is Amavasya.  

The tithis or lunar days which make a Chandra Masa have the following names. The fifteenth tithi is called Purnima and the thirtieth tithi is Amavasya as per Panchanga notations.  

{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 600px; font-style: normal; color: blue|

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* Day 1 : Pratipat (प्रतिपत्)

* Day 1 : Pratipat (प्रतिपत्)

* Day 13 : Trayodashi (त्रयोदशी)

* Day 13 : Trayodashi (त्रयोदशी)

* Day 14 : Chaturdashi (चतुर्दशी)

* Day 14 : Chaturdashi (चतुर्दशी)

* Day 15 : Paurnami (पौर्णमी)}}

* Day 15 : Paurnami (पौर्णमी)}}The tithis, however, beginning as they do at any hour of the day, do not exactly coincide with solar days, and this gives rise to some little difficulty. The general rule for civil purposes, as well as for some ordinary religious purposes for which no particular time of day happens to be prescribed, is that the tithi current at sunrise of the savana day gives its name and numeral to that day, and is coupled with its week-day. Thus Bhadrapada sukla chaturdasi Sukravara (Friday the i4th of the first or bright fortnight of Bhadrapada) is that civil day at whose sunrise the tithi called the I4th in the bright half or sukla fortnight is current, and its week-day is Friday.<ref>The Indian Calendar (Page 16)</ref>

=== Names of Lunar Months ===

=== Names of Lunar Months ===

== Vara - Day of the Week ==

== Vara - Day of the Week ==

वार weekdays are seven as in common knowledge globally. They are named after their adhipatis or specific planetary rulers as follows

Vara (वारम्) Vasara (वासरः) or weekdays are seven as in common knowledge globally, are based on sunrise. They are named after their adhipatis or specific planetary rulers as follows

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{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|style=width: 600px; font-style: normal; color: blue|

Surya Siddhanta (11.78) mentions how the days of the week have specific rulers in the given succession. The Sun who is fourth from Saturn is the ruler of the 1st day; the Moon, who is the fourth from the Sun is the ruler of 2nd day; Mars, the fourth from the Moon is the ruler of the 3rd day and so on.

Surya Siddhanta (11.78) mentions how the days of the week have specific rulers in the given succession. The Sun who is fourth from Saturn is the ruler of the 1st day; the Moon, who is the fourth from the Sun is the ruler of 2nd day; Mars, the fourth from the Moon is the ruler of the 3rd day and so on.

== References ==

== References ==

[[Category:Vedangas]]

[[Category:Vedangas]]

<references />

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