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Shrauta Yajnas (श्रौतयज्ञाः) (view source)
Revision as of 16:14, 2 August 2018
, 16:14, 2 August 2018→General Rules in Shrauta Yajnas
== Srauta Yajnas Classification ==
== Srauta Yajnas Classification ==
Srauta Yajnas are 14 in number. They are divided into two main groups of seven each : Haviryajnas and Somayajnas<ref name=":1222222222" /><ref>Introduction to Rituals ([http://vedicheritage.gov.in/rituals/# Vedic Heritage Portal])</ref>. Gautama Dharmasutras also mention these yajnas (8.18).
Srauta Yajnas are 14 in number. They are divided into two main groups of seven each : Haviryajnas and Somayajnas<ref name=":1222222222" /><ref>Introduction to Rituals ([http://vedicheritage.gov.in/rituals/# Vedic Heritage Portal])</ref>.
Gopatha Brahmana (1.5.23)<ref>Gopatha Brahmana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83)/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AB Purvabhara Prapathaka 5])</ref> describes the Haviryajnas and Somayajnas as follows<blockquote>अग्न्याधेयम् अग्निहोत्रं पौर्णमास्यमावास्ये । नवेष्टिश् चातुर्मास्यानि पशुबन्धो ऽत्र सप्तमः ॥ इत्य् एते हविर्यज्ञाः </blockquote><blockquote>अग्निष्टोमो ऽत्यग्निष्टोम उक्थ्यः षोडशिमांस् ततः । वाजपेयो ऽतिरात्रश् चाप्तोर्यामात्र सप्तमः ॥ इत्य् एते सुत्याः</blockquote>Agnyadheyam and Navesti are given Gopatha Brahmana as one of the Haviryajnas, whereas according to Shabdakalpadruma<ref>Shabdakalpadruma ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83 See Haviryajnas under Yaga])</ref> the following are given summarized in the tables <blockquote>तत्र श्रौताग्निकृत्य- हविर्यज्ञाः सप्त । यथा । आग्न्याधानं तदेवाग्निहोत्रम् १ दर्शपौर्णमासौ २ पिण्डपितृ-यज्ञः ३ आग्रयणम् ४ चातुर्म्मास्यः ५ निरूढ-पशुबन्धः ६ सौत्रामणिः ७ ।</blockquote><blockquote>श्रौताग्निसप्तसंस्थाः । यथा । सोमयागः स एवाग्निष्टोमः १ अत्यग्निष्टोमः २ उक्थ्यः ३ षोडशी ४ वाजपेयः ५ स द्बिविधः संस्था कुरुश्च । अतिरात्रः ६ अप्तूर्य्यामः ७ ।</blockquote>
'''Gopatha Brahmana''' (1.5.23)<ref>Gopatha Brahmana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83)/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AB Purvabhara Prapathaka 5])</ref> describes the Haviryajnas and Somayajnas as follows<blockquote>अग्न्याधेयम् अग्निहोत्रं पौर्णमास्यमावास्ये । नवेष्टिश् चातुर्मास्यानि पशुबन्धो ऽत्र सप्तमः ॥ इत्य् एते हविर्यज्ञाः </blockquote><blockquote>अग्निष्टोमो ऽत्यग्निष्टोम उक्थ्यः षोडशिमांस् ततः । वाजपेयो ऽतिरात्रश् चाप्तोर्यामात्र सप्तमः ॥ इत्य् एते सुत्याः</blockquote>Agnyadheyam and Navesti are given Gopatha Brahmana as one of the Haviryajnas, whereas according to '''Shabdakalpadruma'''<ref>Shabdakalpadruma ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83 See Haviryajnas under Yaga])</ref> the following are given summarized in the tables <blockquote>तत्र श्रौताग्निकृत्य- हविर्यज्ञाः सप्त । यथा । आग्न्याधानं तदेवाग्निहोत्रम् १ दर्शपौर्णमासौ २ पिण्डपितृ-यज्ञः ३ आग्रयणम् ४ चातुर्म्मास्यः ५ निरूढ-पशुबन्धः ६ सौत्रामणिः ७ ।</blockquote><blockquote>श्रौताग्निसप्तसंस्थाः । यथा । सोमयागः स एवाग्निष्टोमः १ अत्यग्निष्टोमः २ उक्थ्यः ३ षोडशी ४ वाजपेयः ५ स द्बिविधः संस्था कुरुश्च । अतिरात्रः ६ अप्तूर्य्यामः ७ ।</blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Srauta Yajnas
|+Srauta Yajnas
|सौत्रामणी ॥ Sautramani
|सौत्रामणी ॥ Sautramani
|आप्तोर्याम ॥ Aptoryam
|आप्तोर्याम ॥ Aptoryam
|}Agnyadhana is also a haviryajna according to Gautama Dharmasurtras (1.8.20) <blockquote>अग्न्याधेयमग्निहोत्रं दर्शपूर्णमासावाग्रयणं चातुर्मास्यानि निरूढपशुबन्धः सौत्रामणीति सप्तहविर्यज्ञसम्स्थाः ॥</blockquote>Here we see instead of Pindapitryajna Agnyadheya (also called Agnyadhana) yajna as one of the seven Haviryajnas.
|}'''Gautama Dharmasutras''' also enumerate the seven haviyajnas and seven somasamsthas. Agnyadhana is also a haviryajna according to Gautama Dharmasutras (1.8.20) <blockquote>अग्न्याधेयमग्निहोत्रं दर्शपूर्णमासावाग्रयणं चातुर्मास्यानि निरूढपशुबन्धः सौत्रामणीति सप्तहविर्यज्ञसम्स्थाः ॥</blockquote>Here we see instead of Pindapitryajna, Agnyadheya (also called Agnyadhana) is described as one of the seven Haviryajnas.
Aitreya Aranyakam (2.3.3) (belonging to Rig veda) describes five categories of srauta yagnas as follows
'''Aitreya Aranyakam''' (2.3.3) (belonging to Rig veda) describes five categories of srauta yagnas as follows
sa esha yajnah panchavidho agnihotram darsapurnamaasau chaturmasyaani pasu somah
sa esha yajnah panchavidho agnihotram darsapurnamaasau chaturmasyaani pasu somah
== General Rules in Shrauta Yajnas ==
== General Rules in Shrauta Yajnas ==
Some of the general rules applicable in all shrauta karmas, are given here from the Asvalayana Srautasutras (1.1.8 to 22).
Some of the general rules applicable in all shrauta karmas, from the Asvalayana Srautasutras (1.1.8 to 22) summarized in pages 982 - 983 of reference<ref name=":0" /> are given below.<blockquote>तस्य नित्याः प्राञ्चश्चेष्टाः ८ अङ्कधारणा च ९ यज्ञोपवीतशौचे च १० विहारादव्यावृत्तिश्च तत्र चेत् कर्म ११ एकाङ्गवचने दक्षिणं प्रतीयात् १२ अनादेशे १३ कर्मचोदनायां होतारं १४ ददातीति यजमानं १५ जुहोति-जपतीति प्रायश्चित्ते ब्रह्माणं १६ ऋचं पादग्रहणे १७ सूक्तं सूक्तादौ हीने पादे १८ अधिके तृचं सर्व्वत्र १९ जपानुमन्त्रणाप्यायनोपस्थानान्युपांशु २० मन्त्राश्च कर्म्मकरणाः २१ प्रसङ्गादपवादो बलीयान् २२ (Asva. Shra. 1.1.8 to 22)<ref>Asvalayana Shrautasutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 1])</ref></blockquote>
# Unless expressly stated, the yajamana should always face the north direction and sit cross-legged.
# Unless expressly stated, the yajamana should always face the north direction and sit cross-legged.
# The sacrificial materials (kusa etc) should have their ends pointed towards the east direction.
# The sacrificial materials (kusa etc) should have their ends pointed towards the east direction.
# Whenever a limb (anga) is mentioned, or no particular limb is mentioned, the right limb (hand, foot, finger) is meant.
# Whenever a limb (anga) is mentioned, or no particular limb is mentioned, the right limb (hand, foot, finger) is meant.
# Whenever the word "dadati" is used the yajamana is the agent of the action.
# Whenever the word "dadati" is used the yajamana is the agent of the action.
# When any rite is prescribed without expressly stating the performer, it is the Hotr who does it, and in the case of prayaschittas wherever the words juhoti and japati occur the Brahman priest is the agent to perform those acts.
# When the first pada of a Rk mantra is mentioned for being employed in any rite the whole mantra is intented to be recited.
# When the first words of a Sukta (not amounting to a pada of mantra) are mentioned for being employed in any rite then the Sukta is to be recited; if the first words of a Sukta amounting to more than a pada of mantra are mentioned, it is intended that three verses are to be recited (that verse and the following two).
# Japa, amantrana, abhimantrana, apyayana, upasthana, and mantras that indicate the rite that is being performed are to be recited in a low voice (Upamsu).
# A special rule (apavada) is stronger than a general rule (प्रसङ्गः prasanga).
== Brief Description of Haviryajnas ==
== Brief Description of Haviryajnas ==