Changes

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

One of the important preoccupations of top management is the improvement of managerial performance<ref name=":1">Adhia, H., Nagendra, H. R., & Mahadevan, B. (2010). Impact of adoption of yoga way of life on the emotional intelligence of managers. ''IIMB Management Review'', ''22''(1-2), 32-41.</ref>. Over the last several decades management researchers have developed constructs to identify the factors that influence managerial performance, and have sought to provide a framework to explain performance. In this context, there is a popular perception that individuals of seemingly average intelligence often do well in their professional and personal lives, whereas people with high IQ often struggle with life’s challenges. Therefore, it would be useful to question the assumption that general intelligence is a sufficiently good predictor of success in life. Earlier researchers have suggested that other attributes may be better determinants<ref>Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.</ref><ref>Sternberg, R. J. (1993). Intelligence is more than IQ: The practical side of intelligence. ''Journal of Cooperative Education'', ''28''(2), 6-17.</ref><ref>Sternberg, R. J. (1996). IQ counts, but what really counts is successful intelligence. ''NASSP Bulletin'', ''80''(583), 18-23.</ref><ref>Tapia, M. (2001). Measuring emotional intelligence. ''Psychological Reports'', ''88''(2), 353-364.</ref>. There is a vast repository of knowledge and accumulated experience in India on the role of yoga as a way of life in enabling individuals to lead successful and satisfied lives (see for example Becker, 2000<ref>Becker, I. (2000). Uses of yoga in psychiatry and medicine. ''Complementary and alternative medicine and psychiatry'', ''19'', 107-145.</ref>; Srinivas, 1994<ref>Srinivas, K. M. (1994). Organization development: Maya moksha. ''Work Motivation Models for Developing Country. New Delhi: Sage Publications''.</ref>). More specifically, the Bhagavad Gita, which explicates on yoga, sees that yoga begets high efficiency in work<ref>Ranganathananda, S. (2000). Universal message of the Bhagavad Gita.</ref> opening up possibilities of connections with managerial performance.  

One of the important preoccupations of top management is the improvement of managerial performance<ref name=":1">Adhia, H., Nagendra, H. R., & Mahadevan, B. (2010). Impact of adoption of yoga way of life on the emotional intelligence of managers. ''IIMB Management Review'', ''22''(1-2), 32-41.</ref>. Over the last several decades management researchers have developed constructs to identify the factors that influence managerial performance, and have sought to provide a framework to explain performance. In this context, there is a popular perception that individuals of seemingly average intelligence often do well in their professional and personal lives, whereas people with high IQ often struggle with life’s challenges. Therefore, it would be useful to question the assumption that general intelligence is a sufficiently good predictor of success in life. Earlier researchers have suggested that other attributes may be better determinants<ref>Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.</ref><ref>Sternberg, R. J. (1993). Intelligence is more than IQ: The practical side of intelligence. ''Journal of Cooperative Education'', ''28''(2), 6-17.</ref><ref>Sternberg, R. J. (1996). IQ counts, but what really counts is successful intelligence. ''NASSP Bulletin'', ''80''(583), 18-23.</ref><ref>Tapia, M. (2001). Measuring emotional intelligence. ''Psychological Reports'', ''88''(2), 353-364.</ref>. There is a vast repository of knowledge and accumulated experience in India on the role of yoga as a way of life in enabling individuals to lead successful and satisfied lives (see for example Becker, 2000<ref name=":3">Becker, I. (2000). Uses of yoga in psychiatry and medicine. ''Complementary and alternative medicine and psychiatry'', ''19'', 107-145.</ref>; Srinivas, 1994<ref>Srinivas, K. M. (1994). Organization development: Maya moksha. ''Work Motivation Models for Developing Country. New Delhi: Sage Publications''.</ref>). More specifically, the Bhagavad Gita, which explicates on yoga, sees that yoga begets high efficiency in work<ref>Ranganathananda, S. (2000). Universal message of the Bhagavad Gita.</ref> opening up possibilities of connections with managerial performance.  

This article utilizes the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) defined by earlier researchers to measure managerial performance, and explores the yoga way of life as a potential tool to influence the EI of individuals<ref name=":1" />.

This article utilizes the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) defined by earlier researchers to measure managerial performance, and explores the yoga way of life as a potential tool to influence the EI of individuals<ref name=":1" />.

=== Yoga way of life ===

=== Yoga way of life ===

Yoga is one of the six foundations of Indian philosophy and has been used for millennia to study, explain, and experience the complexities of the mind and human existence (Feuerstein, 1998). Patanjali, an ancient yoga sage, in his Yoga Sutras, defined yoga as a technique used to still the mental fluctuations of the mind to reach the central reality of the true self (Iyengar, 1966). Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras outline a skilful way of conducting life that fosters moderation and harmony (Becker, 2000). These guidelines, which include ethical and moral standards of living in addition to postural and breathing exercises, can be used to foster spiritual growth and evolve one’s consciousness.  

Yoga is one of the six foundations of Indian philosophy and has been used for millennia to study, explain, and experience the complexities of the mind and human existence<ref>Feuerstein, G. (1998). The yoga tradition: Its history, literature, philosophy, and practice. Prescott, AZ, New York: Hohm Press Foundations, Harper and Row.</ref>. Patanjali, an ancient yoga sage, in his Yoga Sutras, defined yoga as a technique used to still the mental fluctuations of the mind to reach the central reality of the true self<ref>Iyengar, B. K. S. (1966). Light on yoga. New York: Schocken Books.</ref>. Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras outline a skilful way of conducting life that fosters moderation and harmony<ref name=":3" />. These guidelines, which include ethical and moral standards of living in addition to postural and breathing exercises, can be used to foster spiritual growth and evolve one’s consciousness<ref name=":1" />.  

The yoga way of life encompasses the philosophy of

The yoga way of life encompasses the philosophy of