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In the Rigveda, the deities Dyava-Prthvi, are extolled for regaining control over the fertile lands from the Dasyus. Mantras praising [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] as the deity for granting copious rains are well-known. So also [[Surya (सूर्यः)|Surya]] is praised as the deity having bonds in the three lokas; his bond in water i.e., habitable world, explained by Sayanacharya, are tillage, rain and seed. His rays called Asva are powerful and he is known to "drink the waters in the oceans" to form clouds. Thus [[Jala Vijnana (जलविज्ञानम्)|hydrology]] or science of water is intimately connected with the deity Surya and with [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] who is the deity for clouds and rains.

In the Rigveda, the deities Dyava-Prthvi, are extolled for regaining control over the fertile lands from the Dasyus. Mantras praising [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] as the deity for granting copious rains are well-known. So also [[Surya (सूर्यः)|Surya]] is praised as the deity having bonds in the three lokas; his bond in water i.e., habitable world, explained by Sayanacharya, are tillage, rain and seed. His rays called Asva are powerful and he is known to "drink the waters in the oceans" to form clouds. Thus [[Jala Vijnana (जलविज्ञानम्)|hydrology]] or science of water is intimately connected with the deity Surya and with [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] who is the deity for clouds and rains.

In Yajurveda, [[Rudra (रुद्रः)|Rudra]] is extolled and praised (Namaka and Chamakam of Rudraprashna) to obtain all the things associated with agriculture and its products such as grains. Traditionally mountains, the rivers arising in the vast mountainous ranges such as Himalayas and rains have been revered in bharatiya sampradayas as they are believed to be the source of Anna or food grains. Shiva is worshipped as Kedaranath (Kedara means crop fields) who is worshipped in the form of a mountain. Similarly Nara and Narayana mountains in Badarinath are believed to be the forms of Mahavishnu. Thus Shiva and Vishnu devatas are both associated with mountainous forms of earth and the food grains; both are revered as deities of agriculture. In the Bhagavata Purana, the legend of Shrikrishna's lifting the Govardhana mountain for protecting the cattle and gopalas from the incessant rains poured by Indra depict the importance of mountains and their role in agriculture as they produce the fertile alluvial soils for crop production.

 

In Yajurveda, [[Rudra (रुद्रः)|Rudra]] is extolled and praised (Namaka and Chamakam of Rudraprashna) to obtain all the things associated with agriculture and its products such as grains. Yajurveda praises Shiva as the adhipati of the (farm) land - क्षेत्राणां पतये नमो नमः। (Yaju. Veda. 16.18)<ref>Shukla Yajurveda ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC Adhyaya 16])</ref><ref name=":2" />. Shiva is worshiped as Kedaranath (ruler over Kedara which means crop fields) in the form of a mountain. Nara and Narayana mountains in Badarinath are believed to be the forms of Mahavishnu. Thus Shiva and Vishnu devatas are both associated with mountainous forms of earth and the food grains; both are revered as deities of agriculture. In the Bhagavata Purana, the legend of Shrikrishna's lifting the Govardhana mountain for protecting the cattle and gopalas from the incessant rains poured by Indra depict the importance of mountains and their role in agriculture as they produce the fertile alluvial soils for crop production.

Many festivals in India are associated with agriculture such as Sankranti and Gomata puja are well known.  

Many festivals in India are associated with agriculture such as Sankranti and Gomata puja are well known.  

== Importance of Agriculture ==

== Importance of Agriculture ==

Kashyapiya-krishi-paddhati and Krshiparasara are two classical texts which discuss the importance of agriculture since ancient times.  

 

Kashyapiya-krishi-paddhati and Krshiparasara are two other classical texts which discuss the importance of agriculture since ancient times.  

===कश्यपीयकृषिपद्धतिः ॥ Kashyapiya-krishi-paddhati===

===कश्यपीयकृषिपद्धतिः ॥ Kashyapiya-krishi-paddhati===