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Kenopanishad expounds brahmavidya based on the principles that Jivatma and Paramatma are different and Brahman has to be realized by sadhana.  

Kenopanishad expounds brahmavidya based on the principles that Jivatma and Paramatma are different and Brahman has to be realized by sadhana.  

=== Katha Upanishad ===

=== Katha Upanishad ===

Kathopanishad given by कठमहर्षिः Katha maharshi is about the dialogue between Yama and Nachiketa, where the esoteric significance is about spiritual practice of the mankind. Nachiketa is given away to Yama (Mrityu devata or god of death) by his father Uddalaka as part of charity during a yajna. Nachiketa reaches Yamapuri and is informed that Yamadevata is not available so he fasts and keeps vigil at the gates awaiting the return of Yama. Seeing him Yama grants three boons to Nachiketa. As the second boon Nachiketa asks Yama as follows <blockquote>स त्वमग्निं स्वर्ग्यमध्येषि मृत्यो, प्रब्रूहि त्वं श्रद्दधानाय मह्यम् । स्वर्गलोका अमृतत्वं भजन्त एतद् द्वितीयेन वृणे वरेण ॥ १३॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.13)<ref>Kathopanishad from [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upanishads/kathopanishad/# Vedic Heritage Portal, New Delhi]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sa tvamagniṁ svargyamadhyeṣi mr̥tyo, prabrūhi tvaṁ śraddadhānāya mahyam । svargalokā amr̥tatvaṁ bhajanta etad dvitīyena vr̥ṇe vareṇa ॥ 13॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.13)</blockquote>Meaning : "Oh Mrityu, you know very well that Agni (sacred fire) is the means of attainment of heaven. Explain to me as I have asked you earnestly, by which the liberated souls attain immortality. This is the second boon I choose."<ref name=":22" /><blockquote>प्र ते ब्रवीमि तदु मे निबोध स्वर्ग्यमग्निं नचिकेतः प्रजानन् । अनन्तलोकाप्तिमथो प्रतिष्ठां विद्धि त्वमेतं निहितं गुहायाम् ॥ १४॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.14)</blockquote><blockquote>pra te bravīmi tadu me nibodha svargyamagniṁ naciketaḥ prajānan । anantalokāptimatho pratiṣṭhāṁ viddhi tvametaṁ nihitaṁ guhāyām ॥ 14॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.14)</blockquote>Yama replies " O Nachiketa! I know about the sacred fire and I shall explain it to you. Know that Agni is the means to attain all worlds and in it lies the greatness of the people performing vedic rites."<blockquote>लोकादिमग्निं तमुवाच तस्मै या इष्टका यावतीर्वा यथा वा । स चापि तत्प्रत्यवदद्यथोक्तं अथास्य मृत्युः पुनरेवाह तुष्टः ॥ १५॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.15)</blockquote><blockquote>lokādimagniṁ tamuvāca tasmai yā iṣṭakā yāvatīrvā yathā vā । sa cāpi tatpratyavadadyathoktaṁ athāsya mr̥tyuḥ punarevāha tuṣṭaḥ ॥ 15॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.15)</blockquote>Yama expounds to Nachiketa the secrets of Agni that leads to heaven and the number and mode of setting of fire bricks required to build the altar.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":4" />

Kathopanishad given by कठमहर्षिः Katha maharshi is about the dialogue between Yama and Nachiketa, where the esoteric significance is about adhyatmik practice of the mankind. Nachiketa is given away to Yama (Mrityu devata or god of death) by his father Uddalaka as part of charity during a yajna. Nachiketa reaches Yamapuri and is informed that Yamadevata is not available so he fasts and keeps vigil at the gates awaiting the return of Yama. Seeing him Yama grants three boons to Nachiketa. As the second boon Nachiketa asks Yama as follows <blockquote>स त्वमग्निं स्वर्ग्यमध्येषि मृत्यो, प्रब्रूहि त्वं श्रद्दधानाय मह्यम् । स्वर्गलोका अमृतत्वं भजन्त एतद् द्वितीयेन वृणे वरेण ॥ १३॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.13)<ref>Kathopanishad from [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upanishads/kathopanishad/# Vedic Heritage Portal, New Delhi]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sa tvamagniṁ svargyamadhyeṣi mr̥tyo, prabrūhi tvaṁ śraddadhānāya mahyam । svargalokā amr̥tatvaṁ bhajanta etad dvitīyena vr̥ṇe vareṇa ॥ 13॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.13)</blockquote>Meaning : "Oh Mrityu, you know very well that Agni (sacred fire) is the means of attainment of heaven. Explain to me as I have asked you earnestly, by which the liberated souls attain immortality. This is the second boon I choose."<ref name=":22" /><blockquote>प्र ते ब्रवीमि तदु मे निबोध स्वर्ग्यमग्निं नचिकेतः प्रजानन् । अनन्तलोकाप्तिमथो प्रतिष्ठां विद्धि त्वमेतं निहितं गुहायाम् ॥ १४॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.14)</blockquote><blockquote>pra te bravīmi tadu me nibodha svargyamagniṁ naciketaḥ prajānan । anantalokāptimatho pratiṣṭhāṁ viddhi tvametaṁ nihitaṁ guhāyām ॥ 14॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.14)</blockquote>Yama replies " O Nachiketa! I know about the sacred fire and I shall explain it to you. Know that Agni is the means to attain all worlds and in it lies the greatness of the people performing vedic rites."<blockquote>लोकादिमग्निं तमुवाच तस्मै या इष्टका यावतीर्वा यथा वा । स चापि तत्प्रत्यवदद्यथोक्तं अथास्य मृत्युः पुनरेवाह तुष्टः ॥ १५॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.15)</blockquote><blockquote>lokādimagniṁ tamuvāca tasmai yā iṣṭakā yāvatīrvā yathā vā । sa cāpi tatpratyavadadyathoktaṁ athāsya mr̥tyuḥ punarevāha tuṣṭaḥ ॥ 15॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.1.15)</blockquote>Yama expounds to Nachiketa the secrets of Agni that leads to heaven and the number and mode of setting of fire bricks required to build the altar.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":4" />

=== Kaushitaki Upanishad ===

=== Kaushitaki Upanishad ===

Kaushitaki Upanishad associated with the Rig Veda describes the role of Agni in the transit of soul in Devayana marga.<ref>Warrier, Krishna A. G. ''[http://www.vedarahasya.net/kaushita.htm Kaushitaki Brahmana-Upanishad]'' Chennai:The Theosophical Publishing House</ref><ref>Kaushitaki Upanishad : http://cincinnatitemple.com/downloads/KaushitakiUpanishad.pdf</ref><blockquote>स एतं देवयानं पन्थानमापद्याग्निलोकमागच्छतिस वायुलोकं स आदित्यलोकं (Kaus. Upan. 1.3)<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Kausihitaki Brahmana-Upanishad]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sa etaṁ devayānaṁ panthānamāpadyāgnilokamāgacchatisa vāyulokaṁ sa ādityalokaṁ (Kaus. Upan. 1.3)</blockquote>

Kaushitaki Upanishad associated with the Rig Veda describes the role of Agni in the transit of soul in Devayana marga.<ref>Warrier, Krishna A. G. ''[http://www.vedarahasya.net/kaushita.htm Kaushitaki Brahmana-Upanishad]'' Chennai:The Theosophical Publishing House</ref><ref>Kaushitaki Upanishad : http://cincinnatitemple.com/downloads/KaushitakiUpanishad.pdf</ref><blockquote>स एतं देवयानं पन्थानमापद्याग्निलोकमागच्छतिस वायुलोकं स आदित्यलोकं (Kaus. Upan. 1.3)<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Kausihitaki Brahmana-Upanishad]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sa etaṁ devayānaṁ panthānamāpadyāgnilokamāgacchatisa vāyulokaṁ sa ādityalokaṁ (Kaus. Upan. 1.3)</blockquote>