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The Six Darsanas or Shad Darshanas (Samskrit : षड्दर्शनानि) are the intellectual and philosophical discussions of Bharatiya shastras. It is difficult to say how the systems were originally formulated, and what were the influences that led to it. It can be seen that the spirit of philosophical enquiry had begun in the days of the earliest Upanishads. Padma purana introduces them in the following slokas<blockquote>कणादेन तु संप्रोक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥ (Padm. Pura.6.236.4-5) <ref>Padma Purana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/पद्मपुराणम्/खण्डः_६_(उत्तरखण्डः)/अध्यायः_२३६ Kanda 6 Adhyaya 236])</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>kaṇādena tu saṃproktaṃ śāstraṃ vaiśeṣikaṃ mahat । gautamena tathā nyāyaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ tu kapilena vai ॥ </blockquote>Meaning : The Vaisheshika shastra has been elucidated by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was given by Gautama Rishi, and Samkhya shastra was by Kapila Rishi.
The Six Darsanas or Shad Darshanas (Samskrit : षड्दर्शनानि) are the intellectual and philosophical discussions of Bharatiya shastras. The fundamental idea which runs through the early Upanishads is that underlying the exterior world of change there is an unchangeable reality which is identical with that which underlies the essence on man. Padma purana introduces these shastras in the following slokas<blockquote>कणादेन तु संप्रोक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥ (Padm. Pura.6.236.4-5) <ref>Padma Purana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/पद्मपुराणम्/खण्डः_६_(उत्तरखण्डः)/अध्यायः_२३६ Kanda 6 Adhyaya 236])</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>kaṇādena tu saṃproktaṃ śāstraṃ vaiśeṣikaṃ mahat । gautamena tathā nyāyaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ tu kapilena vai ॥ </blockquote>Meaning : The Vaisheshika shastra has been elucidated by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was given by Gautama Rishi, and Samkhya shastra was by Kapila Rishi.
== Growth of Bharatiya Darshana Shastras ==
It can be seen that the spirit of philosophical enquiry had begun in the days of the earliest Upanishads continuing even in circles other than those of the Upanishads. The Buddha and Jaina activities were also probably happening concurrently with no reference to them in the Upanishads. Thus, it can be said that there were different forms of philosophical inquiry in spheres other than those of the Upanishads, of which we have but scanty records. In the assemblies of the sages and their pupils, the views of the heretical or heterodox thinkers were probably discussed and refuted. So it may have continued until some illustrious member of the assembly such as Gautama or Kanada collected the purport of these discussions on various topics and problems, filled up many of the missing links, classified and arranged these on the form of a sustem of philosophy and recorded it in Sutras.
== Classification of Bharatiya Shastras ==
== Classification of Bharatiya Shastras ==
Traditionally the systems of philosophy was divided into two classes:<ref name=":1">Dasgupta, Surendranath. (7th Reprint : 2012) A History of Indian Philosophy. Volume 1. New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
Traditionally Bharatiya shastras involving the systems of philosophy was divided into two classes:<ref name=":1">Dasgupta, Surendranath. (7th Reprint : 2012) A History of Indian Philosophy. Volume 1. New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
* Astika (अास्तिकः)
* Astika (अास्तिकः)
* Nastika (नास्तिकः)
* Nastika (नास्तिकः)
== नास्तिकदर्शनानि ॥ Nastika Darshanas ==
== नास्तिकदर्शनानि ॥ Nastika Darshanas ==
The three fundamental heterodox systems of philosophy are<ref>Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 186</ref>:
The three fundamental heterodox systems of philosophy are <ref name=":1" /><ref>Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 186</ref>:
# The Materialistic School of Charvaka
# The Materialistic School of Charvaka
# The System of the Jainas
# The System of the Jainas
#* The School of Idealism or Yogacharas (Buddhistic)
#* The School of Idealism or Yogacharas (Buddhistic)
#* The School of Nihilism or the Madhyamikas (Buddhistic).
#* The School of Nihilism or the Madhyamikas (Buddhistic).
When the term Shad Darsanas is employed, it means the six Astika Darsanas. In this article these six Astika systems of Indian Philosophy will be discussed.
When the term Shad Darsanas is employed, it means the six Astika Darsanas. In this article the six Astika systems of Indian Philosophy will be introduced.
== Fundamental Points of Agreement ==
== Fundamental Points of Agreement ==