Changes

<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>According to Manusmrti, by studying the Vedas diligently, observing the rules of purity, doing japa and having love towards all created beings, one gains the memory of his former births. And one who, recollecting his former births, continues to study the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda. (Manu Smrt. 4.148 and 149).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् || ४.१४८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः । ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते || ४.१४९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca । adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm || 4.148 ||</blockquote><blockquote>paurvikīṁ saṁsmaranjātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ । brahmābhyāsena cājasraṁ anantaṁ sukhaṁ aśnute || 4.149 ||</blockquote>Inspite of such importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies.  

<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>According to Manusmrti, by studying the Vedas diligently, observing the rules of purity, doing japa and having love towards all created beings, one gains the memory of his former births. And one who, recollecting his former births, continues to study the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda. (Manu Smrt. 4.148 and 149).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् || ४.१४८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः । ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते || ४.१४९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca । adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm || 4.148 ||</blockquote><blockquote>paurvikīṁ saṁsmaranjātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ । brahmābhyāsena cājasraṁ anantaṁ sukhaṁ aśnute || 4.149 ||</blockquote>Inspite of such importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies.  

=== यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas ===

=== यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas ===

* A Snataka brahmana should not neglect Vedic studies, the performance of sacrifices, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta-bali]], [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|honouring guests]] and offerings to the forefathers to the best of his abilities. (Manu Smrt. 4.21).<ref name=":1" />

* A Snataka brahmana should not neglect Vedic studies, the performance of yajnas, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta-bali]], [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|honouring guests]] and offerings to the forefathers to the best of his abilities. (Manu Smrt. 4.21).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>ऋषियज्ञं देवयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं च सर्वदा । नृयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं च यथाशक्ति न हापयेत् || ४.२१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣiyajñaṁ devayajñaṁ bhūtayajñaṁ ca sarvadā । nr̥yajñaṁ pitr̥yajñaṁ ca yathāśakti na hāpayet || 4.21 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>ऋषियज्ञं देवयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं च सर्वदा । नृयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं च यथाशक्ति न हापयेत् || ४.२१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣiyajñaṁ devayajñaṁ bhūtayajñaṁ ca sarvadā । nr̥yajñaṁ pitr̥yajñaṁ ca yathāśakti na hāpayet || 4.21 ||</blockquote>

* Those who know the ordinances for sacrificial rites, do not offer these five great sacrifices. Rather, they consider their senses as [[Agni (आग्निः)|Agni]] and offer the oblations within thereby making a provision to control the external factors. Many knowledgeable people merge their speech in breadth and their breath in speech. (Manu Smrt. 4.22 and 23).<ref name=":1" />

* Those who know the ordinances for yajnika rites, do not offer these five great yajnas. Rather, they consider their senses as [[Agni (आग्निः)|Agni]] and offer the oblations within thereby making a provision to control the external factors. Many knowledgeable people merge their speech in breadth and their breath in speech. (Manu Smrt. 4.22 and 23).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>एतानेके महायज्ञान्यज्ञशास्त्रविदो जनाः । अनीहमानाः सततं इन्द्रियेष्वेव जुह्वति || ४.२२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>वाच्येके जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणे वाचं च सर्वदा । वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तो यज्ञनिर्वृत्तिं अक्षयाम् || ४.२३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>etāneke mahāyajñānyajñaśāstravido janāḥ । anīhamānāḥ satataṁ indriyeṣveva juhvati || 4.22 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vācyeke juhvati prāṇaṁ prāṇe vācaṁ ca sarvadā । vāci prāṇe ca paśyanto yajñanirvr̥ttiṁ akṣayām || 4.23 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>एतानेके महायज्ञान्यज्ञशास्त्रविदो जनाः । अनीहमानाः सततं इन्द्रियेष्वेव जुह्वति || ४.२२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>वाच्येके जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणे वाचं च सर्वदा । वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तो यज्ञनिर्वृत्तिं अक्षयाम् || ४.२३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>etāneke mahāyajñānyajñaśāstravido janāḥ । anīhamānāḥ satataṁ indriyeṣveva juhvati || 4.22 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vācyeke juhvati prāṇaṁ prāṇe vācaṁ ca sarvadā । vāci prāṇe ca paśyanto yajñanirvr̥ttiṁ akṣayām || 4.23 ||</blockquote>

* Some others perform all the [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajnas]] as Jnana Yajnas (through knowledge alone). For, knowledge is at the root of all sacrifices. (Manu Smrt. 4.24).<ref name=":1" />

* Some others perform all the [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajnas]] as Jnana Yajnas (through knowledge alone). For, knowledge is at the root of all yajnas. (Manu Smrt. 4.24).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>ज्ञानेनैवापरे विप्रा यजन्त्येतैर्मखैः सदा । ज्ञानमूलां क्रियां एषां पश्यन्तो ज्ञानचक्षुषा || ४.२४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>jñānenaivāpare viprā yajantyetairmakhaiḥ sadā । jñānamūlāṁ kriyāṁ eṣāṁ paśyanto jñānacakṣuṣā || 4.24 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>ज्ञानेनैवापरे विप्रा यजन्त्येतैर्मखैः सदा । ज्ञानमूलां क्रियां एषां पश्यन्तो ज्ञानचक्षुषा || ४.२४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>jñānenaivāpare viprā yajantyetairmakhaiḥ sadā । jñānamūlāṁ kriyāṁ eṣāṁ paśyanto jñānacakṣuṣā || 4.24 ||</blockquote>

* One should always offer [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]] at dawn and dusk, the Darsha sacrifice during New moon day and Paurnamasa (Ishtis) on Full moon day. (Manu Smrt. 4.25).<ref name=":1" />

* One should always offer [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]] at dawn and dusk, the Darsha yajna during New moon day and Paurnamasa (Ishtis) on Full moon day. (Manu Smrt. 4.25).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>अग्निहोत्रं च जुहुयादाद्यन्ते द्युनिशोः सदा । दर्शेन चार्धमासान्ते पौर्णामासेन चैव हि || ४.२५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>agnihotraṁ ca juhuyādādyante dyuniśoḥ sadā । darśena cārdhamāsānte paurṇāmāsena caiva hi || 4.25 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>अग्निहोत्रं च जुहुयादाद्यन्ते द्युनिशोः सदा । दर्शेन चार्धमासान्ते पौर्णामासेन चैव हि || ४.२५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>agnihotraṁ ca juhuyādādyante dyuniśoḥ sadā । darśena cārdhamāsānte paurṇāmāsena caiva hi || 4.25 ||</blockquote>

* A Dvija (Brahmana) should always offer on the Parva-days as well as on regular days, oblations to Savitru and Shanti homa; and on the Ashtakas and Anvashtakas, one should worship the forefathers. (Manu Smrt. 4.150).<ref name=":1" />

* A Dvija (Brahmana) should always offer on the Parva-days as well as on regular days, oblations to Savitru and Shanti homa; and on the Ashtakas and Anvashtakas, one should worship the forefathers. (Manu Smrt. 4.150).<ref name=":1" />

=== भिक्षा ॥ Begging for Alms ===

=== भिक्षा ॥ Begging for Alms ===

* A Snataka Grhastha who is pining for food, may wish for wealth from a Raja, the Yajamana (यजमानः) of a sacrifice, and a student, but never from those who have abandoned the path of Dharma. This is the prescribed rule in the Dharma shastras. (Manu Smrt. 4.33).<ref name=":1" />

* A Snataka Grhastha who is pining for food, may wish for wealth from a Raja, the Yajamana (यजमानः) of a yajna, and a student, but never from those who have abandoned the path of Dharma. This is the prescribed rule in the Dharma shastras. (Manu Smrt. 4.33).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>राजतो धनम् अन्विच्छेत्संसीदन्स्नातकः क्षुधा । याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वापि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः || ४.३३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rājato dhanaṁ anvicchetsaṁsīdansnātakaḥ kṣudhā । yājyāntevāsinorvāpi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ || 4.33 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>राजतो धनम् अन्विच्छेत्संसीदन्स्नातकः क्षुधा । याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वापि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः || ४.३३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rājato dhanaṁ anvicchetsaṁsīdansnātakaḥ kṣudhā । yājyāntevāsinorvāpi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ || 4.33 ||</blockquote>

* A Snataka brahmana should never be troubled by any kind of hunger. Nor should one wear old or dirty clothes, even if one does not possess wealth. (Manu Smrt. 4.34).<ref name=":1" />

* A Snataka brahmana should never be troubled by any kind of hunger. Nor should one wear old or dirty clothes, even if one does not possess wealth. (Manu Smrt. 4.34).<ref name=":1" />

== सदाचारफलम् || Fruits of Good Conduct ==

== सदाचारफलम् || Fruits of Good Conduct ==

Manusmrti also also enumerates the fruits of observing the prescribed code of conduct in life. It says,

Manusmrti also also enumerates the fruits of observing the prescribed code of conduct in life. It says,

* The one who follows good conduct, does chanting and sacrifices, who has control over his indriyas obtains bliss in this world and the other world. (Manu Smrt. (4.145 and 146).<ref name=":1" />

* The one who follows good conduct, does chanting and yajnas, who has control over his indriyas obtains bliss in this world and the other world. (Manu Smrt. (4.145 and 146).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम् । जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते || ४.१४६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>maṅgalācārayuktānāṁ nityaṁ ca prayatātmanām । japatāṁ juhvatāṁ caiva vinipāto na vidyate || 4.146 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम् । जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते || ४.१४६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>maṅgalācārayuktānāṁ nityaṁ ca prayatātmanām । japatāṁ juhvatāṁ caiva vinipāto na vidyate || 4.146 ||</blockquote>

* One who acts resolutely, is gentle and tolerant, who does not associate with persons of cruel disposition, and who does no injury to others, shall win heaven by self-control and liberality, if one sticks to this practice. (Manu Smrt. 4.246).<ref name=":2" />

* One who acts resolutely, is gentle and tolerant, who does not associate with persons of cruel disposition, and who does no injury to others, shall win heaven by self-control and liberality, if one sticks to this practice. (Manu Smrt. 4.246).<ref name=":2" />