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Line 7: − + − + − + − C.S. Birth to 30 years 30 – 60 years > 60 years + − S.S. Birth – 16 years Ksheerapa – till 1 year Ksheerannada 1 - 2 years Annada – above 2 years 16 – 70 years Vriddhi- 16-20 years Youvana-20-30 years Sampoornata-30-40 years Parihaani -40-70 years > 70 years + + + + + + + + + + + + + − A.S. Birth to 16 years Stanyavritti Ubhayavritti Aharavritti 16 – 60 years Youvana- 16-30 years Sampoornatva- 30-40 Aparihani- 40-60 years. >60 years.+ − − * According to ''Sushruta Vaya'' is classified into three stages [11]. − # ''Balya'' (Childhood or early young age) up to 16 Years. It can be subdivided into three i.e., ''Ksirapa''- only milk consumption – up to one year, ''Ksirannada'' – milk and solid food –up to two years, ''Annada''- Only solid food –more than two years up to16 years. − # ''Madhya'' (Middle age or Young age) More than 16 years up to 70 years of age sub divided into : ''Vriddhi''- up to 20 years (Growth phase), ''Yauvana''- up to 30 years (Youth and adolescence), ''Sampurnata''- up to 40 years (Mature Stage), ''Parihani''- More than 40 up to 70 years (degenerative phase) with full growth of tissues, sense, faculties, strength and vitality. − # ''Vriddha'' (old age)–After 70 years, and, it is witnessed by degeneration of tissues started along with diminution in the tissues, sense faculties, strength, vitality, grey hairs, baldness, suffers from cough, dyspnoea, etc., and inability to perform all activities. Line 29:
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→Ageing in Ayurveda
Ayurveda defines vayas with respect to the kala (time). It is called the characteristic of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|shariram]]. The entire time span in vayas is divided in 3 phases. This has been described in Charaka samhita as follows, <blockquote>वयस्तश्चेति कालप्रमाणविशेषापेक्षिणी हि शरीरावस्था वयोऽभिधीयते| </blockquote><blockquote>तद्वयो यथास्थूलभेदेन त्रिविधं- बालं, मध्यं, जीर्णमिति| (Char. Samh. 8.122)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 122]) </ref></blockquote><blockquote>vayastaśceti kālapramāṇaviśeṣāpekṣiṇī hi śarīrāvasthā vayo'bhidhīyate|</blockquote><blockquote>tadvayo yathāsthūlabhedena trividhaṁ- bālaṁ, madhyaṁ, jīrṇamiti|</blockquote>Vaya is defined as the state of body corresponding to the length of time that has passed since birth. Both Charaka and Sushruta say that before prescribing any therapeutic procedures, physician should examine to obtain knowledge regarding the span of life, strength and intensity of morbidity. (Sush. Samh. Sutr. 35.3)
Ayurveda defines vayas with respect to the kala (time). It is called the characteristic of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|shariram]]. The entire time span in vayas is divided in 3 phases. This has been described in Charaka samhita as follows, <blockquote>वयस्तश्चेति कालप्रमाणविशेषापेक्षिणी हि शरीरावस्था वयोऽभिधीयते| </blockquote><blockquote>तद्वयो यथास्थूलभेदेन त्रिविधं- बालं, मध्यं, जीर्णमिति| (Char. Samh. 8.122)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 122]) </ref></blockquote><blockquote>vayastaśceti kālapramāṇaviśeṣāpekṣiṇī hi śarīrāvasthā vayo'bhidhīyate|</blockquote><blockquote>tadvayo yathāsthūlabhedena trividhaṁ- bālaṁ, madhyaṁ, jīrṇamiti|</blockquote>Vaya is defined as the state of body corresponding to the length of time that has passed since birth. Both Charaka and Sushruta say that before prescribing any therapeutic procedures, physician should examine to obtain knowledge regarding the span of life, strength and intensity of morbidity. (Sush. Samh. Sutr. 35.3)
== Ageing in Ayurveda ==
== Ageing: Ayurveda perspective ==
Ayurveda explains Ageing process starting from birth to death as Vaya (chronological ageing). The chronological age is mainly divided into three stages. i.e., Baalya, Madhyama and Vriddha. Acharyas have also explained the biological changes occurring during these phases
Ayurveda explains Ageing process starting from birth to death as Vaya (chronological ageing). The chronological age is mainly divided into three stages. i.e., Balya (Childhood or early young age), Madhyama (Middle age or Young age) and Vriddha (old age). Each age group has specific state of dominance of doshas and strength of dhatus. This state also affects mind and emotions and thus overall behavior of the individual. The range of age in years for childhood or youth is not similar to that by which we define childhood or youth in today's era. One must understand that the idea behind this division is grouping all those with specific state of body due to predominance of a particular dosha under one category, not not merely the number of years. Acharyas have also explained the biological changes occurring during these phases.
== Vaya Praeeksha- (Examination of Age) ==
== Vaya Praiksha (Examination of Age) ==
Ayurveda recommends examining age before initializing the process of diagnosis and treatment. Vaidya is advised to identify the age group of the patient on the basis of various classification given below.
According to Charaka samhita,
# From birth to 30 years of age it is called as= Balya avastha (Childhood or early young age)
# 30 to 60 years of age group is called as = Madhya avastha (Middle age or Young age)
# After 60 years of age it is called as = Vriddha avastha (old age)
According to Sushruta samhita, <ref>Sushruta samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=parihANi Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 29])</ref>
# From birth to 16 years of age, it is called as = Balya
# 16 to 70 years is called as = Madhya
## 16 to 20 years of age = Vriddhi (Growth phase)
## 20-30 years known as= Youvan (Youth and adolescence)
## 30 to 40 years is = Sampoornata (Mature Stage)
## 40 to 70 years is = Parihani (degenerative phase)
# After 70 years Vriddha avastha sets in.
Slight variations in the number of years in each age group can be found in other classical treatises. However, the basic idea of Vayas remains the same.
=== Biological characteristics of each age group ===
''Vriddhavastha'' may be of two types: timely (if it manifests after the age of 60 – 70 years) or untimely.[15] Untimely aging may result due to aggravation of ''vata'' and ''pitta dosha''. Therefore, excessive utilization of all the causes of ''vata–pitta'' aggravation may lead to untimely aging. Some instances are causes of ''Rajayakshma'' (a syndrome with deficient immunity), carelessness regarding prescribed regimen of ''tryopsthambha'' (diet, sleep, and coitus), causes of ''ojo-kshya'' (deficient immunity), excessive and single use of ''Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta'', and ''Kashaya rasa'' in diet.
''Vriddhavastha'' may be of two types: timely (if it manifests after the age of 60 – 70 years) or untimely.[15] Untimely aging may result due to aggravation of ''vata'' and ''pitta dosha''. Therefore, excessive utilization of all the causes of ''vata–pitta'' aggravation may lead to untimely aging. Some instances are causes of ''Rajayakshma'' (a syndrome with deficient immunity), carelessness regarding prescribed regimen of ''tryopsthambha'' (diet, sleep, and coitus), causes of ''ojo-kshya'' (deficient immunity), excessive and single use of ''Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta'', and ''Kashaya rasa'' in diet.
* According to ''Charaka,'' Age is broadly divided into three stages ''Bala''(childhood), ''Madhya'' (middle age) and ''Jirna'' (old age).
* According to ''Charaka,'' Age is broadly divided into three stages ''Bala''(childhood), ''Madhya'' (middle age) and ''Jirna'' (old age).
== Role of Vayas in diagnosis and treatment as per Ayurveda ==
== Role of Vayas in diagnosis and treatment as per Ayurveda ==
''Ayurvedic'' text describes how to attain longevity and also mentioned verities of longevity through ''Ayu Pareeksha''. ''Ayurveda'' explains certain signs and symptoms to decide the life span (''Manam'' of ''Ayu'') of a patient. ''Ayu'' ''Pariksha'' has been broadly classified into three broad headings, namely, ''Dhirghayu, Madhyamayu'' and ''Alpayu'' and these are described by ''Sushruta'' [2]. He says that before prescribing any therapeutic procedure, physician should examine life span of the patients and if they have residual life span then his ''Vyadhi'' (disease), ''Ritu'' (season), ''Agni''(digestive power), ''Vaya'' (age), ''Deha'' (body build), ''Bala'' (strength), ''Sattva'' (mind), ''Satmya''(conducive factors), ''Prakriti'' (constitution), ''Bhesaja'' (drug) and ''Desa'' (habitat) should be examined [3]. Tenfold examination are the tools described in ''Charaka'' to obtain knowledge regarding the span of life, strength and intensity of morbidity and these are ''Prakriti'' (constitution), ''Vikriti'' (morbidity), ''Sara'' (excellence of ''Dhatus''), ''Samhanana''(compactness of organs), ''Pramana'' (measurements of the organs of the body), ''Satmya''(suitability), ''Sattva'' (psychic conditions), ''Aahara Sakti'' (power of intake and digestion of food), ''Vyayama Sakti'' (power of performing exercise) and ''Vayas'' (ageing) [4]. The basic purpose of these examinations is to understand the overall condition of the person in order to prescribe meticulous and systematically planned therapeutic treatment to get desirable and satisfying successful results.
''Ayurvedic'' text describes how to attain longevity and also mentioned verities of longevity through ''Ayu Pareeksha''. ''Ayurveda'' explains certain signs and symptoms to decide the life span (''Manam'' of ''Ayu'') of a patient. ''Ayu'' ''Pariksha'' has been broadly classified into three broad headings, namely, ''Dhirghayu, Madhyamayu'' and ''Alpayu'' and these are described by ''Sushruta'' [2]. He says that before prescribing any therapeutic procedure, physician should examine life span of the patients and if they have residual life span then his ''Vyadhi'' (disease), ''Ritu'' (season), ''Agni''(digestive power), ''Vaya'' (age), ''Deha'' (body build), ''Bala'' (strength), ''Sattva'' (mind), ''Satmya''(conducive factors), ''Prakriti'' (constitution), ''Bhesaja'' (drug) and ''Desa'' (habitat) should be examined [3]. Tenfold examination are the tools described in ''Charaka'' to obtain knowledge regarding the span of life, strength and intensity of morbidity and these are ''Prakriti'' (constitution), ''Vikriti'' (morbidity), ''Sara'' (excellence of ''Dhatus''), ''Samhanana''(compactness of organs), ''Pramana'' (measurements of the organs of the body), ''Satmya'' (suitability), ''Sattva'' (psychic conditions), ''Aahara Sakti'' (power of intake and digestion of food), ''Vyayama Sakti'' (power of performing exercise) and ''Vayas'' (ageing) [4]. The basic purpose of these examinations is to understand the overall condition of the person in order to prescribe meticulous and systematically planned therapeutic treatment to get desirable and satisfying successful results.
== Jara as Svabhavika Vyadhi ==
== Jara as Svabhavika Vyadhi ==