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Line 32: − − The word Guru is also used convey respect and praise of those persons superior in knowledge and age. Due to the experience and influence of knowledge and penance they are highly respected. − : गीर्य्यते स्तूयतेऽसौ ज्ञानतपोवृद्धत्वात् । ज्ञानप्रभावान्वितत्वात् तपोबलप्राधान्याद् वा पूज्यतमोमहात्मा । यथा, मनुः । २ । १३० । − : मातुलांश्च पितृव्यांश्च श्वशुरानृत्विजो गुरून् । २.१३०॥ (Manu. Smrti 2.130)<ref name=":1" /> Line 57:
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→व्युत्पत्तिः॥ Etymology
* a preceptor to brahmachari teaching vedas and vedangas
* a preceptor to brahmachari teaching vedas and vedangas
* an instructor of sandhyavandana and agnikarya
* an instructor of sandhyavandana and agnikarya
* a remover of Ajnana and imparts knowledge to attain Parabrahma
* dispels Ajnana and imparts knowledge to attain Parabrahma
* one who removes worldly afflictions
* one who removes worldly afflictions
* an elderly knowledgeable person
* one who performs penance and is highly knowledgeable
* elders in a household
* Devaguru Brhaspati
Shabdakalpadruma<ref name=":3">Shabdakalpadruma ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83 See word गुरुः])</ref> gives the various aspects of गुरुः as follows <blockquote>गृणाति उपदिशति वेदादिशास्त्राणिइन्द्रादिदेवेभ्यः इति । one who teaches, advises (used in the sense of explaining, pointing out, informing, command, prescribe) the vedas and shastras to devatas like Indra and others.</blockquote>
Shabdakalpadruma<ref name=":3">Shabdakalpadruma ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83 See word गुरुः])</ref> gives the various aspects of गुरुः as follows <blockquote>गृणाति उपदिशति वेदादिशास्त्राणिइन्द्रादिदेवेभ्यः इति । one who teaches, advises (used in the sense of explaining, pointing out, informing, command, prescribe) the vedas and shastras to devatas like Indra and others.</blockquote>
Manusmrti explains that a Guru teaches an Upaneya (one who undergoes Upanayana samskara) and instructs him the procedures to perform sandhyavandana and other acharas (related to brahmacharya ashrama) and gives him the related sandhyopasana mantras.
Manusmrti explains that a Guru teaches an Upaneya (one who undergoes Upanayana samskara) and instructs him the procedures to perform sandhyavandana and other acharas (related to brahmacharya ashrama) and gives him the related sandhyopasana mantras.
=== Manusmrti ===
=== Manusmrti ===
Manu defines a Guru as निषेकादिकृत् i.e., one who performs the various prebirth and Upanayana samskaras and helps the parents in raising the child.(Manu. Smrti 2.142)
Manu defines a Guru as निषेकादिकृत् i.e., one who performs the various prebirth and Upanayana samskaras and helps the parents in raising the child.(Manu. Smrti 2.142)
== Intellectual Father ==
== Intellectual Father ==
: आश्रमी ध्याननिष्ठश्च मन्त्रतन्त्रविशारदः । निग्रहानुग्रहे शक्तो गुरुरित्यभिधीयते ॥
: आश्रमी ध्याननिष्ठश्च मन्त्रतन्त्रविशारदः । निग्रहानुग्रहे शक्तो गुरुरित्यभिधीयते ॥
: उद्धर्त्तुं चैव संहर्त्तुं समर्थो ब्राह्मणोत्तमः । तषस्वी सत्यवादी च गृहस्थो गुरुरुच्यते ॥
: उद्धर्त्तुं चैव संहर्त्तुं समर्थो ब्राह्मणोत्तमः । तषस्वी सत्यवादी च गृहस्थो गुरुरुच्यते ॥
== Reverence to Gurus ==
Great importance was attached to the proper accent and pronunciation of Vedas, and a particular [[Vedapatha Paddhati (वेदपाठपद्धतिः)|vedapata paddhati]] could only be learnt from the lips of a qualified teacher. The continuous transmission of the store of vedic knowledge, which has a priceless position in the society, was possible only through the instrumentality of the teacher, thus he is highly revered all through the ages.
Guru are thus respected and praised due to superiority in knowledge and rigorous penance. Due to their great knowledge and penance they are to be highly revered.<ref name=":4">Pt. Girija Prasad Dvivedi. (1917) ''The Manusmriti or Manavadharmashastra. Translated into Hindi with notes, index and critical introductions.'' Lucknow : Newul Kishore Press. ([https://archive.org/details/ManuSmritHindi-GpDwivedi/page/n184 Adhyaya 2 Page 46])</ref>
: गीर्य्यते स्तूयतेऽसौ ज्ञानतपोवृद्धत्वात् । ज्ञानप्रभावान्वितत्वात् तपोबलप्राधान्याद् वा पूज्यतमोमहात्मा । यथा, मनुः । २ । १३० ।
: मातुलांश्च पितृव्यांश्च श्वशुरानृत्विजो गुरून् । असावहं इति ब्रूयात्प्रत्युत्थाय यवीयसः ॥ २.१३०॥ (Manu. Smrti 2.130)<ref name=":1" />
Mother's brother, brother of the father, father-in-law, rtvik and Guru (even if younger in age) are to be honored by getting up and mentioning the name.<ref name=":4" />
The rise of persons seeking knowledge in Vedanta and darshana shastras, the reverence for the Guru became still more intensified; for spiritual upliftment depended entirely upon his proper guidance.<ref name=":0" />
== Kinds of Gurus ==
== Kinds of Gurus ==
suchaka, vachaka, bodhaka, nishiddhaguru, vihitaguru, karanaguru, paramaguru, mahaguru,
suchaka, vachaka, bodhaka, nishiddhaguru, vihitaguru, karanaguru, paramaguru, mahaguru,
== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Education Series]]
[[Category:Education Series]]