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=== विश्ववारा ॥ Vishvavara ===

=== विश्ववारा ॥ Vishvavara ===

Vishvarara is a Brahmavadini in the lineage of Atri. She is the mantra drashta for the Rigveda 5th Mandala Sukta 18 (द्वितो मृक्तवाहा आत्रेयः।) on devata Agni<ref>Rig Veda ([http://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/rigveda/shakala-samhita/rigveda-shakala-samhita-mandal-05-sukta-018/ Mandala 5 Sukta 18])</ref>. <blockquote>प्रातरग्निः पुरुप्रियो विश स्तवेतातिथिः । विश्वानि यो अमर्त्यो हव्या मर्तेषु रण्यति ॥१॥</blockquote>Starting with the above mantra, these mantras outline the importance of careful attention required during [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|Atithi satkara]] by women. A lady should collect the required materials and havis for the husband engaged in performing Agnihotra (where Agni is invited as a guest), and protect the Agni.<ref>Kalyan Magazine, Nari Anka. ([https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.427009/page/n410 Page No 355]) by Gita Press, Gorakhpur.</ref>  

Vishvarara is a Brahmavadini in the lineage of Atri. She is the mantra drashta for Rigveda 5th Mandala Sukta 28 on Agni devata<ref>Rig Veda ([http://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/rigveda/shakala-samhita/rigveda-shakala-samhita-mandal-05-sukta-028/ Mandala 5 Sukta 28])</ref><ref name=":1" />. <blockquote>समि॑द्धो अ॒ग्निर्दि॒वि शो॒चिर॑श्रेत् प्र॒त्यङ्ङु॒षस॑मुर्वि॒या वि भा॑ति । एति॒ प्राची॑ वि॒श्ववा॑रा॒ नमो॑भिर्दे॒वाँ ईळा॑ना ह॒विषा॑ घृ॒ताची॑ ॥१॥ (Rig. Veda. 5.28.1)</blockquote>Starting with the above mantra, these mantras outline the importance of careful attention required during [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|Atithi satkara]] by women. A lady should collect the required materials and havis for the husband engaged in performing Agnihotra (where Agni is invited as a guest), and protect the Agni.<ref name=":1">Kalyan Magazine, Nari Anka - Brahmavadini Vishvavara. ([https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.427009/page/n410 Page No 355]) by Gita Press, Gorakhpur.</ref>  

=== घोषा ॥ Ghosha ===

=== घोषा ॥ Ghosha ===

She is revered as a rishika, who was the daughter of Rishi Kakshivan (काक्षीवान् । a descendent of Angiras) and granddaughter of Dirgatamas maharshi. As she suffered from a skin ailment(leprosy) from childhood she was unable to get married. She dutifully served her father and continuously prayed to the Ashvini Kumaras the divine physicians who were endowed with the power of rejuvenation. Pleased with her deep and sincere prayers the Ashvini Kumaras taught her [[Madhuvidya (मधुविद्या)|Madhu Vidya]], which granted her youth and great knowledge and cured her of her ailment due to which she subsequently got a worthy husband.  

She is revered as a rishika, who was the daughter of Rishi Kakshivan (काक्षीवान् । a descendent of Angiras) and granddaughter of Dirgatamas maharshi. As she suffered from a skin ailment (leprosy) from childhood she was unable to get married. She dutifully served her father and continuously prayed to the Ashvini Kumaras, the divine physicians, who were endowed with the power of rejuvenation. Pleased with her deep and sincere prayers the Ashvini Kumaras taught her [[Madhuvidya (मधुविद्या)|Madhu Vidya]], which granted her youth and great knowledge and cured her of her ailment due to which she subsequently got a worthy husband.  

Ghosha (काक्षीवती घोषा।) prays that Ashvini Kumaras shower immense blessings on her (just as rains brighten up the fields) such that her youth is enhanced and that she is favored by an appropriate husband. She also prays for the wellbeing of her future husband that he is always protected by them.<ref>Kalyan Magazine, Nari Anka. ([https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.427009/page/n403 Page No 348]) by Gita Press, Gorakhpur.</ref>

Ghosha (काक्षीवती घोषा।) prays that Ashvini Kumaras shower immense blessings on her (just as rains brighten up the fields) such that her youth is enhanced and that she is favored by an appropriate husband. She also prays for the wellbeing of her future husband that he is always protected by them.<ref>Kalyan Magazine, Nari Anka - Brahmavadini Ghosha ([https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.427009/page/n403 Page No 348]) by Gita Press, Gorakhpur.</ref>

She composed two Rig Veda suktas 39 and 40 of Mandala ten each containing 14 mantras<ref>Rig Veda ([http://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/Rigveda_Subodh_Bhasya_Vol_IV/#book/341 Mandala 10 Sukta 39])</ref> on Ashvini devatas, the first one eulogising them and the second one expressing that her wishes about married life are fulfilled. Her son Suhastya also composed a sukta in the Rig Veda (Sukta 41 of Rigveda Mandala 10).<ref>Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass. (Page 291)</ref>

She composed two Rig Veda suktas 39 and 40 of Mandala ten each containing 14 mantras<ref>Rig Veda ([http://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/Rigveda_Subodh_Bhasya_Vol_IV/#book/341 Mandala 10 Sukta 39])</ref> on Ashvini devatas, the first one eulogising them and the second one expressing that her wishes about married life are fulfilled. Her son Suhastya also composed a sukta in the Rig Veda (Sukta 41 of Rigveda Mandala 10).<ref>Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass. (Page 291)</ref>

In Vedic literature, the name of Gargi is very famous. She was the daughter of Vachaknu rshi (वचक्नुऋषिः) hence called as Vachaknavi (वाचक्नवी). Since she belonged to the lineage of Garga maharshi, she was called Gargi (गार्गी), but her original name is not described in any text. She acquired knowledge of the Vedas and scriptures and became renowned for her proficiency in these fields of philosophy, surpassing men in her knowledge. Her philosophical views also find mention in the Chandogya Upanishad. Gargi, as Brahmavaadini, composed several hymns in Rigveda (in X 39. V.28) that questioned the origin of all existence.   

In Vedic literature, the name of Gargi is very famous. She was the daughter of Vachaknu rshi (वचक्नुऋषिः) hence called as Vachaknavi (वाचक्नवी). Since she belonged to the lineage of Garga maharshi, she was called Gargi (गार्गी), but her original name is not described in any text. She acquired knowledge of the Vedas and scriptures and became renowned for her proficiency in these fields of philosophy, surpassing men in her knowledge. Her philosophical views also find mention in the Chandogya Upanishad. Gargi, as Brahmavaadini, composed several hymns in Rigveda (in X 39. V.28) that questioned the origin of all existence.   

According to Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Raja Janaka of Videha held a Rajasuya Yajna and invited all the learned rshis, rajas and brahmins of various places such as Kuru and Panchala to participate in a shastra debate. Janaka intended to select a scholar from the assembled group of elite scholars, the most accomplished of them all who had maximum knowledge about Brahman and declared a thousand cows, each decorated with golden horns as reward for the same.  No scholar in the assembled group had the knowledge nor courage as no Brahmavid would announce that he is an all-knower of Brahman, but Yajnavalkya asked that the herd of cows be driven to his home. When asked by Janaka whether he is the Brahmavetta, Yajnavalkya declines and starts to discuss the qualities of Brahman among the elite group.   

According to Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Raja Janaka of Videha held a Rajasuya Yajna and invited all the learned rshis, rajas and brahmins of various places such as Kuru and Panchala to participate in a shastra debate. Janaka intended to select a scholar from the assembled group of elite scholars, the most accomplished of them all who had maximum knowledge about Brahman and declared a thousand cows, each decorated with golden horns as reward for the same.  No scholar in the assembled group had the knowledge nor courage as no Brahmavid would announce that he is an all-knower of Brahman, but Yajnavalkya asked that the herd of cows be driven to his home. When asked by Janaka whether he is the Brahmavetta, Yajnavalkya declines and starts to discuss the qualities of Brahman among the scholarly group.   

Gargi, as one of the disputants in the debate, questioned Yajnavalkya on his claim of superiority among the scholars. She asks "Bhagavan! if all the earthly material is woven like warp and woof () in waters, what then is that, in which the waters are woven?"  Yajnavalkya replies"in Vayu (air) O!Gargi"  

Gargi, as one of the disputants in the debate, questioned Yajnavalkya on his claim of superiority among the scholars. She asks "Bhagavan! if all the earthly material is woven like warp and woof () in waters, what then is that, in which the waters are woven?"  Yajnavalkya replies"in Vayu (air) O!Gargi"