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There is, justifyably, a divergence of opinion among thinkers of different Darshana shastras: Some uphold the Theory of Creation, others maintain the Theory of Evolution.<ref name=":4">Sinha, Nandalal (1915) ''[https://archive.org/details/thesamkhyaphilos00sinhuoft The Sacred Books of the Hindus : The Samkhya Philosophy. (Volume XI).]'' Allahabad : The Panini Office</ref>
 
There is, justifyably, a divergence of opinion among thinkers of different Darshana shastras: Some uphold the Theory of Creation, others maintain the Theory of Evolution.<ref name=":4">Sinha, Nandalal (1915) ''[https://archive.org/details/thesamkhyaphilos00sinhuoft The Sacred Books of the Hindus : The Samkhya Philosophy. (Volume XI).]'' Allahabad : The Panini Office</ref>
*Creationists include the Nastikas, Buddhists, and the Naiyayikas.
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*Creationists include the Nastikas and the Naiyayikas.
 
*Evolutionists include the Samkhyas and the Vedantins.
 
*Evolutionists include the Samkhyas and the Vedantins.
 
-Nastikas hold that the world is non-existent, that it is unreal and that it came out of non-existent cause (Asat-Karyavarda).
 
-Nastikas hold that the world is non-existent, that it is unreal and that it came out of non-existent cause (Asat-Karyavarda).
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-Buddhists hold that the world is existent, that it is real, and that it came out of a non-existent cause (Asat-Karyavarda).
      
-Naiyayikas hold that the world is non-existent, that it is not eternal and is perishable, and that it came out of the existent which is eternal and imperishable cause (Abhava-Utpattivada).
 
-Naiyayikas hold that the world is non-existent, that it is not eternal and is perishable, and that it came out of the existent which is eternal and imperishable cause (Abhava-Utpattivada).
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| rowspan="4" |Paramanuvada (परमाणुवादः) : Matter is described as an aggregate of atoms (परमाणु).
 
| rowspan="4" |Paramanuvada (परमाणुवादः) : Matter is described as an aggregate of atoms (परमाणु).
 
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|-
|Hinayana Buddhism (हीनयानबौद्धमतम्)
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|Hinayana (हीनयानबौद्धमतम्)
 
|Anitya Paramanuvada (अनित्यपरमाणुवादः) or Kshanabhangavada (क्षणभङ्गवादः)
 
|Anitya Paramanuvada (अनित्यपरमाणुवादः) or Kshanabhangavada (क्षणभङ्गवादः)
 
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|-
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|Brahma-parinamavada (ब्रह्मपरिणामवादः)
 
|Brahma-parinamavada (ब्रह्मपरिणामवादः)
 
|-
 
|-
|Shunyavada (शून्यवादः) Mahayana Buddhism
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|Shunyavada (शून्यवादः)
 
|Shunya-vivartavada (शून्यविवर्तवादः)
 
|Shunya-vivartavada (शून्यविवर्तवादः)
 
| rowspan="3" |Vivartavada (विवर्तवादः) : Expounds that the effect is an unreal appearance of the cause. (illusionary)
 
| rowspan="3" |Vivartavada (विवर्तवादः) : Expounds that the effect is an unreal appearance of the cause. (illusionary)
 
Brahman, unreally appears, through Ignorance, as the world of matter and of souls.
 
Brahman, unreally appears, through Ignorance, as the world of matter and of souls.
 
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|-
|Vijnanavada (विज्ञानवादः)(Mahayana Buddhism)
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|Vijnanavada (विज्ञानवादः)
 
|Vijnana vivartavada (विज्ञानविवर्तवादः)
 
|Vijnana vivartavada (विज्ञानविवर्तवादः)
 
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