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→कालमापनयन्त्राणि ॥ Instruments to measure time: added image and content
== Microcosmic Time Scale ==
== Microcosmic Time Scale ==
Just as the macrocosmic Yuga system is discussed extensively in various texts, the microcosmic time scale is also widely explained in different texts. A few systems are discussed here below.
Just as the macrocosmic Yuga system is discussed extensively in various texts, the microcosmic time scale is also widely explained in different texts and different scholars have given different measures. A few systems are discussed here below.
=== Surya Siddhanta ===
=== Surya Siddhanta ===
== कालमापनयन्त्राणि ॥ Instruments to measure time ==
== कालमापनयन्त्राणि ॥ Instruments to measure time ==
Again our ancients used different instruments to measure time. Some of them include
[[File:Ghatika Yantra.png|thumb|455x455px|Ghatika Yantra Creative Presentation]]
Again our ancients had different systems to measure time, distance, weights and numbers which are discussed under the heading [[Standards of Measurement (मापनमानदण्ड:)]]. Although the earlier texts do not describe many instruments of keeping time (except instruments such as Aadhaka mentioned in Vedanga Jyotisha), in the later day many astronomers such as Aryabhata, Bhaskaracharya, Ganesha Daivajna used different instruments to measure time. Some of them include
* गोलयन्त्रम् ॥ Spherical instrument
* गोलयन्त्रम् ॥ Spherical instrument
* तुरीययन्त्रम् ॥
* तुर्ययन्त्रम् ॥ Quarter circle instrument
* चापयन्त्रम् ॥ Semicircular Disc instrument
* चापयन्त्रम् ॥ Semicircular Disc instrument
* धनुर्यन्त्रम् ॥ Bow and arrow instrument
* धनुर्यन्त्रम् ॥ Bow and arrow instrument
* चक्रयन्त्रम् ॥ Disc instrument
* चक्रयन्त्रम् ॥ Disc instrument
* शङ्कुयन्त्रम् ॥ Shadow instrument
* शङ्कुयन्त्रम् ॥ Cone instrument
* नाडीवलययन्त्रम् ॥
* नाडीवलययन्त्रम् ॥ Shadow instrument
* फलकयन्त्रम् ॥
* फ़लकयन्त्रम् ॥ Spherical instrument
* यष्टियन्त्रम् ॥
* यष्टियन्त्रम् ॥ Stick instrument
* घटियन्त्रम् ॥ Timing vessal
* घटियन्त्रम् ॥ Timing vessal
* कर्तरीयन्त्रम् ॥
* कर्तरीयन्त्रम् ॥ Scissor instrument
* शकटयन्त्रम् ॥ Two pivoted sticks
* शकटयन्त्रम् ॥ Two pivoted sticks
* पीठयन्त्रम् ॥
* जलत्नलिकायन्त्रम् ॥ Star positioning instrument
* पीठयन्त्रम् ॥ Peetha Yantra
Astrolabes were used to know the position of stars and also calculate time in more recent years. An example of Ghatika Yantra is given below as per Siddhanta Shiromani<blockquote>घटदलरूपा घटिता घटिका ताम्री तले पृथुच्छिद्रा। द्युनिशनिमज्जनमित्या भक्तं द्युनिशं घटीमानम्॥ सि. शि. यन्त्र.८ (Sidd. Shir. Yant. 8)</blockquote>
== कालस्य ईश्वररूपम् ॥ Kala's Ishvaraswarupa ==
== कालस्य ईश्वररूपम् ॥ Kala's Ishvaraswarupa ==