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A [[Saka (शकः)]] or "era" is an important aspect in preparing calendars which are used for civil purposes as well as official, religious, historical and chronological records and events. Among several different Indian eras in use, the most popular ones are the Kali (कलि), Vikrama Saka (विक्रमशकः), Salivahana saka (शालिवाहनशकः), Kollam. In any era adopted, the starting point is called epoch from which day the future periods of time, the day, months, years are counted. Such a reference day of an era were likely historical events such as the coronation of a famous king, the birth of a famous person, astronomical event of significance. In Indian astronomical texts, generally the Kali era is adopted, which is considered more advantageous compared to later eras for the simple reason that it covers the antiquity of our civilization adequately unlike the more later eras.
A [[Saka (शकः)]] or "era" is an important aspect in preparing calendars which are used for civil purposes as well as official, religious, historical and chronological records and events. Among several different Indian eras in use, the most popular ones are the Kali (कलि), Vikrama Saka (विक्रमशकः), Salivahana saka (शालिवाहनशकः), Kollam. In any era adopted, the starting point is called epoch from which day the future periods of time, the day, months, years are counted. Such a reference day of an era were likely historical events such as the coronation of a famous king, the birth of a famous person, astronomical event of significance. In Indian astronomical texts, generally the Kali era is adopted, which is considered more advantageous compared to later eras for the simple reason that it covers the antiquity of our civilization adequately unlike the more later eras.
Many other eras have been in use, Saptarshi, Yudhisthira, Buddha nirvana, Mahavira nirvana, Bengali san, Lakshmanasena among others.<ref name=":1" />
Many other eras have been in use, Saptarshi, Yudhisthira, Buddha nirvana, Mahavira nirvana, Bengali san, Lakshmanasena among others.<ref name=":1" />
== Kala in Vaiseshika Darshana ==
Another measure of Kala as mentioned in the Prashastapada Bhashya (chap 5) is as follows<ref>Prashastapada Bhashya ([https://archive.org/details/prashastapadabhashya/page/n61 Chapter 5])</ref>
1 Nimesha = time taken for twinkling of eyes
5 Nimesha = 1 Kashtha
30 Kashthas = 1 Kala
15 Kalas = 1 Nadika
30 Kalas = 1 Muhurta
30 Muhurtas = 1 Ahoratra (day and night)
15 Ahoratras = 1 Paksha (fort-night)
2 Pakshas = 1 Masa (Month)
2 Masas = 1 Rtu (Season)
3 Rtus or 6 Masas = 1 Ayana (Uttarayana = 1 Day of Devatas, Dakshinayana = 1 Night of Devatas)
6 Rtus or 12 Masas = 1 Samvatsara (Earth Year)
360 Samvatsaras(Earth years) = 1 Divyavarsha (1 Year of Devatas)
1200 Divyavarshas = The Four Yugas
1000 Four yugas = 1 Day of Brahma
After the lapse of a hundred years of Brahma (1 year of Brahma has 360 days of Brahma) there comes the time for the final deliverance of the Brahma of the time.
== Kala in Puranas ==
== Microcosmic Time Scale ==
== Microcosmic Time Scale ==