Changes

Charaka Samhita clearly mentions terms Karya and Karana in the context of 10 fold assessment of disease and the diseased, for success treatments in practice of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, ‘Karya’ is ‘establishing the Dhatusamya’ (balanced state of body elements) while the Karanas are said to be 6 पदार्थाः। [[Padarthas (पदार्थाः)|padarthas]] namely सामन्यम्। Samanya, विशेषम्। Vishesha, द्रव्यम्। Dravya, गुणाः। Guna, कर्मम्। Karma and समवायः। Samavaya. The expansion and application of Satkaryavada in Ayurveda can also be found while describing the cause and effect relationship between defects present in male & female gametes and anomalies in the fetus.  

Charaka Samhita clearly mentions terms Karya and Karana in the context of 10 fold assessment of disease and the diseased, for success treatments in practice of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, ‘Karya’ is ‘establishing the Dhatusamya’ (balanced state of body elements) while the Karanas are said to be 6 पदार्थाः। [[Padarthas (पदार्थाः)|padarthas]] namely सामन्यम्। Samanya, विशेषम्। Vishesha, द्रव्यम्। Dravya, गुणाः। Guna, कर्मम्। Karma and समवायः। Samavaya. The expansion and application of Satkaryavada in Ayurveda can also be found while describing the cause and effect relationship between defects present in male & female gametes and anomalies in the fetus.  

<blockquote>सर्वदा सर्वभावानां सामान्यं वृद्धिकारणम्। ह्रासहेतुर्विशेषश्च, प्रवृत्तिरुभयस्य तु॥- (Char. Samh. 1.1.45) <ref>Charaka Samhita ([https://archive.org/details/CharakaSamhitaHindiVolume1/page/n25 Sootrasthanam])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''sarvadā sarvabhāvānāṁ sāmānyaṁ vrūddhikāraṇam। hrāsaheturviśeṣaśca, pravr̥ttirubhayasya tu॥''</blockquote>Meaning: Analogy or similarity is the reason for increase in existing substances in body while the reason for depreciation or decrease is the dissimilarity or difference.  

<blockquote>सर्वदा सर्वभावानां सामान्यं वृद्धिकारणम्। ह्रासहेतुर्विशेषश्च, प्रवृत्तिरुभयस्य तु॥- (Char. Samh. 1.1.45) <ref>Charaka Samhita ([https://archive.org/details/CharakaSamhitaHindiVolume1/page/n25 Sootrasthanam])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sarvadā sarvabhāvānāṁ sāmānyaṁ vrūddhikāraṇam। hrāsaheturviśeṣaśca, pravr̥ttirubhayasya tu॥</blockquote>Meaning: Analogy or similarity is the reason for increase in existing substances in body while the reason for depreciation or decrease is the dissimilarity or difference.  

=== परिणामवादः || Parinamavada ===

=== परिणामवादः || Parinamavada ===

Sankhya Darshana has proposed a theory for evolution of matter which is known as ‘Parinamavada’. This theory advocates the process of evolution through transformation of properties. Ayurveda has adopted the theory of परिणमनम्।  Parinamana (Transformation) in different backgrounds like धातुपरिणमनम्।  Dhatuparinamana (Nourishment and development of धातुः। Dhatus through transformation process), विपाकः। Vipaka (Transformation of original रसः। Rasa or taste into other after the process of digestion) etc.   

Sankhya Darshana has proposed a theory known as ‘Parinamavada’ to describe the evolution of matter. This theory advocates the process of evolution through transformation of properties. Ayurveda has adopted the theory of परिणमनम्।  Parinamana (Transformation) in different backgrounds like धातुपरिणमनम्।  Dhatuparinamana (Nourishment and development of धातुः। Dhatus through transformation process), विपाकः। Vipaka (Transformation of original रसः। Rasa or taste into other after the process of digestion) etc.   

<blockquote>जाठरेणाग्निनायोगात् यदुदेति रसान्तरम्। रसानां परिणामान्ते स विपाकः इति स्मृतः॥– (Asht. Hrud. 9.20) <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AF Sootrasthanam])</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>''jāṭhareṇāgnināyogāt yadudeti rasāntaram। rasānāṁ pariṇāmānte sa vipākaḥ iti smr̥taḥ॥''</blockquote>Meaning: The transformation in the original Rasa of the substance after undergoing the process of digestion by Agni (is called as Parinaman) and the Rasa obtained at the end of this Parinaman (transformation) is called as 'Vipaka'.

<blockquote>जाठरेणाग्निनायोगात् यदुदेति रसान्तरम्। रसानां परिणामान्ते स विपाकः इति स्मृतः॥– (Asht. Hrud. 9.20) <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AF Sootrasthanam])</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>''jāṭhareṇāgnināyogāt yadudeti rasāntaram। rasānāṁ pariṇāmānte sa vipākaḥ iti smr̥taḥ॥''</blockquote>Meaning: The transformation in the original Rasa of the substance after undergoing the process of digestion by Agni (is called as Parinaman) and the Rasa obtained at the end of this Parinaman (transformation) is called as 'Vipaka'.

=== परमाणुवादः ॥ Paramanu vada ===

=== परमाणुवादः ॥ Paramanu vada ===

Vaisheshikas are the pioneers in proposing the concept of परमाणुः। Paramanu which is regarded as the indestructible part of the substance. These extremely minute parts called Paramanu have also been mentioned in Ayurveda while describing the body constituents. Charaka Samhita refers the tiny अवयवाः। avayavas in Body as ‘Paramanu’ inspired from Vaisheshikas. {{Citation needed}}(Cha. Sha….)

Vaisheshikas are the pioneers in proposing the concept of परमाणुः। Paramanu which is regarded as the indestructible part of the substance. These extremely minute parts called Paramanu have also been mentioned in Ayurveda while describing the body constituents. Charaka Samhita refers the tiny अवयवाः। avayavas in Body as ‘Paramanu’ inspired from Vaisheshikas.  

 

शरीरावयवास्तु परमाणुभेदेनापरिसङ्ख्येया भवन्ति, अतिबहुत्वादतिसौक्ष्म्यादतीन्द्रियत्वाच्च| तेषां संयोगविभागे परमाणूनां कारणं वायुः कर्मस्वभावश्च|| (Char. Samh. 7.17)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Sankhya_Sharira Shareersthanam Adhyaya 7 Sootram 17])</ref>

 

 

Meaning: The structures and components of body, if differentiated at micro level (''paramanu bheda''), are innumerable (''aparisankhyeya'') because of abundance (''atibahuta''), highly subtleness (''atisukshma''), and imperceptibility(''atindriya''). The conjoining or cell combination or unification (''samyoga'') and the split or cell division (''vibhaga'') of ''deha paramanu'' - both are caused by ''vayu'' and ''karmaswabhava''.

=== पाकजोत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तम् ॥ Pakajotpatti siddhanta ===

=== पाकजोत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तम् ॥ Pakajotpatti siddhanta ===

Vaishehsikas support असत्कार्यवादः। Asatkaryavada, which means that the effect does not pre-exist in its cause. The effect is a new beginning, a fresh creation. All physical things are produced by the multiple combinations of Paramanu commonly referred as atoms. Creation thus means the combination of atoms in different proportions and destruction means the dissolution of such combinations. The material cause of the universe is the eternal atoms that are neither produced nor destroyed. It is only the atomic combinations which are produced and which get destroyed. {{Citation needed}}. To support this theory, Vaisheshikas have accepted the पाकजोत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तः। Pakajotpatti Siddhanta. In Pakajotpatti it is stated that Paramanus of a Dravya, under the influence of the heat, undergo a process called पाकः। ‘Paka’ (ripening, cooking) and attain a different configuration of association leading to the development of a substance, with different properties than the source material. This concept is fundamental to the theory of विपाकः। Vipaka in Ayurveda. Vipaka is the taste (Property- Guna) of a Food or herb (dravya in context of Darshana) developed after going through the process of पाचनम्। Pachana (Digestion or metabolism taking place under the influence of Agni, a form of heat element inside the body). This Vipaka is different from the original taste (Rasa- Guna) of Food or herb. This transformation in inherent properties of dravya mentioned in Ayurveda, is in line with the original ‘Pakajotpatti Siddhanta’ proposed by Vaisheshikas. Thus, Ayurveda has accepted theories within frame of reference of Ayurveda from various Darshanas and developed its own theories like 'Vipaka'.  

Vaishehsikas support Asatkaryavada (असत्कार्यवादः), which means that the effect does not pre-exist in its cause. The effect is a new beginning, a fresh creation. All physical things are produced by the multiple combinations of Paramanu (परमाणुः-s) commonly referred as atoms. Creation thus means, the combination of atoms in different proportions and destruction means dissolution of such combinations. The material cause of the universe is considered as the eternal atoms that are neither produced nor destroyed. It is only the atomic combinations which are produced and which get destroyed. {{Citation needed}}. To support this theory, Vaisheshikas (वैशेषिकाः) have accepted the Pakajotpatti Siddhanta (पाकजोत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तः।). In Pakajotpatti, it is stated that Paramanus of a Dravya, under the influence of the heat, undergo a process called पाकः। ‘Paka’ (ripening, cooking) and attain a different configuration of association leading to the development of a substance, with different properties than the source material. This concept is fundamental to the theory of विपाकः। Vipaka in Ayurveda. Vipaka is the taste (Property- Guna) of a Food or herb (dravya in context of Darshana) developed after going through the process of पाचनम्। Pachana (Digestion or metabolism taking place under the influence of Agni, a form of heat element inside the body). This Vipaka is different from the original taste (Rasa- Guna) of Food or herb. This transformation in inherent properties of dravya mentioned in Ayurveda, is in line with the original ‘Pakajotpatti Siddhanta’ proposed by Vaisheshikas. Thus, Ayurveda has accepted theories within frame of reference of Ayurveda from various Darshanas and developed its own theories like 'Vipaka'.  

=== प्रमाणाः ॥ Pramanas ===

=== प्रमाणाः ॥ Pramanas ===