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hair to the commencement of each eyebrow and the meeting in a curve. This represents the footprint of till": Lord Vishnu. The Nimbarkas or Nimavats are throughout the whole of upper India. They numerous around Mathura. They are also numerous of the Vaishnava sects in Bengal. THE MADHVAS The Madhvas are Vaishnavas. They are known as Brahma Sampradayins. The founder of the sect is Madhvacharya, otherwise called Ananda Tirtha and Purna-Prajna. He was born in 1200. He was a great opponent of Sankaracharya's Advaita system of philosophy. He is regarded as an incarnation of Vayu or the Wind-God. He erected and consecrated at Udipi the image of the Lord Krishna. The Gurus of the Madhya sect are Brahmins and Sannyasins. The followers bear the impress of the symbols of Vishnu upon their breasts and shoulders. They are stamped with a hot iron. Their frontal mark consists of two perpendicular lines made with Gopichandana and joined at the root of the nose. They make straight black line, with a charcoal from incense offered to Krishna, which terminates in a round mark made with turmeric. The Madhvas are divided into two classes called the Vyasakutas and the Dasakutas. They are found in Karnataka. Truthfulness, study of scriptures, generositY, kindness, faith and freedom from envy form the moral code of Madhvas. They give the Lord's Names to their children (Namakarana), and mark the body with His symb°1s (Ankana). They practise virtue in thought, word and deed (Bhajana).
hair to the commencement of each eyebrow and the meeting in a curve. This represents the footprint of till": Lord Vishnu. The Nimbarkas or Nimavats are throughout the whole of upper India. They numerous around Mathura. They are also numerous of the Vaishnava sects in Bengal. THE MADHVAS The Madhvas are Vaishnavas. They are known as Brahma Sampradayins. The founder of the sect is Madhvacharya, otherwise called Ananda Tirtha and Purna-Prajna. He was born in 1200. He was a great opponent of Sankaracharya's Advaita system of philosophy. He is regarded as an incarnation of Vayu or the Wind-God. He erected and consecrated at Udipi the image of the Lord Krishna. The Gurus of the Madhya sect are Brahmins and Sannyasins. The followers bear the impress of the symbols of Vishnu upon their breasts and shoulders. They are stamped with a hot iron. Their frontal mark consists of two perpendicular lines made with Gopichandana and joined at the root of the nose. They make straight black line, with a charcoal from incense offered to Krishna, which terminates in a round mark made with turmeric. The Madhvas are divided into two classes called the Vyasakutas and the Dasakutas. They are found in Karnataka. Truthfulness, study of scriptures, generositY, kindness, faith and freedom from envy form the moral code of Madhvas. They give the Lord's Names to their children (Namakarana), and mark the body with His symb°1s (Ankana). They practise virtue in thought, word and deed (Bhajana).
scattered are yen, the most
scattered are yen, the most
HINDU THEOLOGY
163
RADHA VALLABHIS Radha Vallabhis worship Krishna as Radha-r.,Atabha, the Lord or Lover of Radha. Harivans was the ...,',ander of this sect. Sera Sakhi \Tani gives a detailed ',scription of the notion of this sect and more of their L:ditions and observances. Charana Dasis, Dadu Panthis, Hari Chandis, Kabir p,,ithis, Khakis, Maluk Dasis, Mira Bais, Madhavis, Rayi Senais. Sakhi Bhavas, Sadma Panthis, are all v,--:-hriava sects.
THE SAIVAS
SMARTA BRAHMINS OF THE SOUTH
The Saiva Brahmins of the Tamil Nadu have their title Byer. They are called Smartas. They all wear three horizontal lines of Bhasma or Vibhuti (holy ash) on their forehead. They all worship Lord Siva. The different sects are:
1. Vadamas Vada Desa Vadamas, Chola Desa Vadamas and Inji Vadamas; 2. Brihatcharanam !\lazhainattu Brihatcharanam, Pazhamaneri Brihatcharanam, Milaghu Brihatcharanam and Kandramanikka Brihatcharanam; 3. Vathimar4 4. Ashtasahasram 5. Choliyas: Otherwise called Pandimars and inhabitants of Tiruchendur; and 6. GurukkaL A sub-sect of Vadamas not recognised as one amongst them and whose duties are to worship at temples. They are also known by the name of Pattar in southern districts of Madras. These are different from Archaks. Archaks belong to any of the above sub-sects and inter-marry with persons of other professions, but not Gurukkal or Pattar. While Gurukkal is used only for Saivites, Pattar and Archaic are used for Vaishnavites also.
SAIVA BRAHMINS OF MALABAR 1. Narnbudiri, 2. Muse and 3. Embrantiri.
104 ()Ht ch,tkrosiStt4014,11;i4, _I'llilv11111171((*)11: 1‘71\11:(1v11)AY11: Choudhory, Iiitmw, liorich Bhattachndi. SAWA 13RAIIMINS OF KARNA:1A:vAl d 1. Smarta, 2. I kivign, Kolt ,), 6. Kardi and 7. Podya. TELUGU SMARTAS 1. Murukinadu, 2. Vcianodu, 3. Karanffiumiliwiti,i Puduru Dravidis, 5. Telahanyarn, 6. Kown,jiwidravid: and 7. A•uvela Niyogis.
LINGAYATS They are called Virg Saivas• They arc found in Mysore and Karnataka. They wear on their neck a Linva of the Lord Siva put in a small silver box.
OTHER SAIVA SECTS
Akas Mukhis, Gudaras, Jangamas, Karalingis, Nakhis, Rukharas, Sukharas, Urdhabahus, Ukkaras are all Saiva sects.
THE SAKTAS The Saktas are worshippers of Devi, the Universal Mother. Dakshinis, Vamis, Kancheliyas, Kararis are all Sakta sects.
MISCELLANEOUS The Sauras adore the Sun, the Ganapatyas adore Ganesa, and the Kaurnaras adore Skanda. The non-Brahmins of South India are Naidu, Karnma Naidu, Chetty, Mudaliar Gounder Pillai Nair, Nayanar and Reddy. , , , ,Nanak Shahis of seven classes (viz., Uclas.is' Ganjbakshis, classes Sutra Shahis, Govinda