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Purusha in Ayurveda content
the Purusha. In Virat, omnipresent intelligence manifests itself which causes
the Purusha. In Virat, omnipresent intelligence manifests itself which causes
the appearance of diversity.<blockquote>तस्माद्विराळजायत विराजो अधि पूरुषःस जातो अत्यरिच्यत पश्चाद्भूमिमथो पुरः ||</blockquote><blockquote>tasmadviraljaayat virajo adhi purushas jato atyarichyat paschadvbhamimatho purah ||</blockquote>
the appearance of diversity.<blockquote>तस्माद्विराळजायत विराजो अधि पूरुषःस जातो अत्यरिच्यत पश्चाद्भूमिमथो पुरः ||</blockquote><blockquote>tasmadviraljaayat virajo adhi purushas jato atyarichyat paschadvbhamimatho purah ||</blockquote>
== Purusha - As in आयुर्वेदः || Ayurveda ==
Purusha refers to a person or a human being in general. Ayurvedic classics specify that the term ‘Purusha’ denotes Chetana dhatu (‘consciousness, soul or life element’). The knowledge of life offered by Ayurveda is for longevity, health and well-being of ‘Tridandatmaka Purusha’ which is called as Adhikaran (Object) of Ayurveda.
=== Etymology according to Ayurvedic classics: ===
The term purusha is composed of 2 words.
Pure shareere shayati iti
Where, ‘Pure’ means City and ‘Shayati’ means sleeps or resides
Thus, the term Purusha means the one which resides inside the body (indicated by the word city). It is believed that ‘Jivatma’ resides in the human body and therefore, the term ‘Purusha’ denotes the Jivatma (soul/consciousness or life element) inside the living body.
=== Importance of ‘Purusha’ according to Ayurvedic classics ===
Acharya Charaka has pertinently highlighted the unparallel role of purusha in living world. Acharya says that no object or experience in world can be perceived without the presence of Purusha. Darkness and light, Truth and untruthful, knowledge in Vedas and good or unethical actions, body, pleasure and pain perception, movement, rest, speech, intelligence, birth and death, bondage and liberation; nothing could be perceived without the presence of Purusha in this world. This clearly indicates that the Purusha is the cause of perception and also the prime cause for the creation. (charaka Sharir 1/ 41)
=== Ayurveda acharyas have described Purusha from different perspectives as follows ===
==== कर्मपुरुषः|| Karmapurusha ====
This is also known as षड्धात्वात्मकः पुरुषः|| ‘Shad dhatwatmaka purusha’ or चिकित्साधिकृतः पुरुषः || ‘Chikitsadhikruta Purusha’. This purusha is the one which is commonly referred as human being and it is for him, the knowledge of life in Ayurveda has been described. This purusha is composed of ‘Panchamahabhootas’ (5 basic elements) and the 6<sup>th</sup> element ‘Jivatma’ (the life element or consciousness of human being). (sushruta sutra 1) (sushruta sharir 1) Since Chikitsa (Treatments and procedures) can be prescribed and conducted on the living physical body only, this type of purusha is called as ‘Chikitsadhikruta purusha’ (the purusha indicated for treatments offered in Ayurveda) or ‘Karmapurusha’.
==== एकधात्वात्मक: पुरुषः|| Ekdhatwatmaka Purusha ====
When purusha refers only to the consciousness inside the human body then it is called as ‘Ek dhatwatmaka purusha’ i.e. Purusha composed of single element named ‘Chetana’ (life element/living force) Citation needed
==== चतुर्विंशतिकः पुरुषः || Chaturvinshatika purusha ====
Also known as ‘Rashi purusha’. This form of Purusha refers to the union of 24 basic principles of evolution and existence of life in this world. These 24 Tatvas (principles) are 8 Prakruti (Primary substances) and 16 Vikaras (secondary substances). 8 Prakrutis are Avyakta, Mahat, Ahankara and 5 Tanmatras (subtle forms of 5 basic elements) while 16 Vikaras are 11 Indriyas (5 sense organs, 5 motor organs and 1 Manas commonly referred as mind), Pancha mahabhutas (5 basic elements of nature).
==== पंचविंशतिकः पुरुषः || Panchavinshatika purusha ====
Acharya Sushruta opine that the 24 tatvas when unite make an inert amalgamation which is lifeless until the Jivatma enters into it. Thus, Purusha is composed of 25 tatvas i.e 24 tatvas described above along with ‘Jivatma’ (life element or consciousness) as the 25<sup>th</sup> Tatva. Such Purusha is called as Panchavinshatika purusha.
== References ==
== References ==