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It is said that, <blockquote>नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् | nr̥yajño'tithipūjanam । (Manu 3.70)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>Meaning : Nru Yajna refers to the hospitality offered to guests.<ref name=":1">Pt. Sri Rama Ramanuja Acharya, [http://www.srimatham.com/uploads/5/5/4/9/5549439/manu_for_modern_times.pdf The Laws of Manu for the 21st Century], srimatham.com</ref>

It is said that, <blockquote>नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् | nr̥yajño'tithipūjanam । (Manu 3.70)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>Meaning : Nru Yajna refers to the hospitality offered to guests.<ref name=":1">Pt. Sri Rama Ramanuja Acharya, [http://www.srimatham.com/uploads/5/5/4/9/5549439/manu_for_modern_times.pdf The Laws of Manu for the 21st Century], srimatham.com</ref>

It refers to respectful reception of brahmanas<ref name=":2">Pt. Girija Prasad Dvivedi (1917), [https://archive.org/details/ManusmrtiHindiTranslationGirijaPrasadDvivediNavalKishore The Manusmriti], Lucknow: Naval Kishore Press.</ref> - ब्राह्म्यं हुतं द्विजाग्र्यार्चा | brāhmyaṁ hutaṁ dvijāgryārcāis |<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref> Hence, it is also called Brahmya-huta (Manu 3.74)

It refers to respectful reception of brahmanas<ref name=":2">Pt. Girija Prasad Dvivedi (1917), [https://archive.org/details/ManusmrtiHindiTranslationGirijaPrasadDvivediNavalKishore The Manusmriti], Lucknow: Naval Kishore Press.</ref> - ब्राह्म्यं हुतं द्विजाग्र्यार्चा | brāhmyaṁ hutaṁ dvijāgryārcāis |<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref> Hence, it is also called Brahmya-huta. (Manu 3.74)

== नृयज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Constituents of Nru Yajna ==

== नृयज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Constituents of Nru Yajna ==

According to Manusmrti,  

According to Manusmrti,  

# भिक्षादानम् || Giving alms

# Bhikshadana (भिक्षादानम् | Giving alms)

# अतिथिसत्कारः || Taking care of guests

# Atithi satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः | Taking care of guests)

are the two most important components of Nru Yajna. Even there, अतिथिसत्कारः takes precedence.<blockquote>कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् । भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे । । ३.९४ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kr̥tvaitadbalikarmaivaṁ atithiṁ pūrvaṁ āśayet । bhikṣāṁ ca bhikṣave dadyādvidhivadbrahmacāriṇe । । 3.94 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: After having performed the Bali offering (Bhuta Yajna), one should first honour guests and then give alms to an ascetic and a student according to the prescribed rules.<ref name=":2" />

are the two most important components of Nru Yajna. Even there, atithi satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः | taking care of guests) takes precedence.<blockquote>कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् । भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे । । ३.९४ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kr̥tvaitadbalikarmaivaṁ atithiṁ pūrvaṁ āśayet । bhikṣāṁ ca bhikṣave dadyādvidhivadbrahmacāriṇe । । 3.94 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: After having performed the Bali offering (Bhuta Yajna), one should first honour guests and then give alms to an ascetic and a student according to the prescribed rules.<ref name=":2" />

=== अतिथिसत्कारः ॥ Offering hospitality to guests ===

=== अतिथिसत्कारः ॥ Offering hospitality to guests ===

It is said that,<blockquote>विद्यातपःसमृद्धेषु हुतं विप्रमुखाग्निषु । निस्तारयति दुर्गाच्च महतश्चैव किल्बिषात् । । ३.९८ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vidyātapaḥsamr̥ddheṣu hutaṁ vipramukhāgniṣu । nistārayati durgācca mahataścaiva kilbiṣāt । । 3.98 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: An offering of food given to the fire in the form a Brahmana's mouth (vipra mukhagni), who is endowed with learning and austerities, saves one from great difficulties and sin.<ref name=":2" />

It is said that,<blockquote>विद्यातपःसमृद्धेषु हुतं विप्रमुखाग्निषु । निस्तारयति दुर्गाच्च महतश्चैव किल्बिषात् । । ३.९८ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vidyātapaḥsamr̥ddheṣu hutaṁ vipramukhāgniṣu । nistārayati durgācca mahataścaiva kilbiṣāt । । 3.98 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: An offering of food given to the fire in the form a Brahmana's mouth (vipra mukhagni), who is endowed with learning and austerities, saves one from great difficulties and sin.<ref name=":2" />

Hence, there is high regard for अन्नदानम् || Annadana (offering of food to the hungry) in the Indian culture.

Hence, there is high regard for Annadana (अन्नदानम् | offering of food to the hungry) in the Indian culture.

==== आतिथ्याधिकारी ॥ Who is a guest ? ====

==== आतिथ्याधिकारी ॥ Who is a guest ? ====

* A Brahmana who stays one night only is declared to be a guest (atithi); because he stays (sthita) not long (anitya), he is called atithi (a guest). (Manu 3.102) <ref name=":1" />

* A Brahmana who stays one night only is declared to be a guest (atithi). Because he stays (sthita) not long (anitya), he is called atithi (a guest).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः । अनित्यं हि स्थितो यस्मात्तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते । । ३.१०२ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>ekarātraṁ tu nivasannatithirbrāhmaṇaḥ smr̥taḥ । anityaṁ hi sthito yasmāttasmādatithirucyate । । 3.102 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः । अनित्यं हि स्थितो यस्मात्तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते । । ३.१०२ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>ekarātraṁ tu nivasannatithirbrāhmaṇaḥ smr̥taḥ । anityaṁ hi sthito yasmāttasmādatithirucyate । । 3.102 । ।</blockquote>

* A Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, personal friend, relative or a teacher who comes to the house of a Brahmana is not called as guest (atithi). However, if a Kshatriya comes to the house of a Brahmana in the manner of a guest, the house-holder may feed him according to his desire, after the above-mentioned Brahmanas (guests) have eaten.<ref name=":2" />Even to others, personal friends and so forth, who have come to visit out of affection, one may give food, garnished (with seasoning) according to one's ability, at the same time that the family dine together. (Manu 3.110, 111, 113)<ref name=":1" />

* A Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, personal friend, relative or a teacher who comes to the house of a Brahmana is not called as guest (atithi). However, if a Kshatriya comes to the house of a Brahmana in the manner of a guest, the house-holder may feed him according to his desire, after the above-mentioned Brahmanas (guests) have eaten.<ref name=":2" />Even to others, personal friends and so forth, who have come to visit out of affection, one may give food, garnished (with seasoning) according to one's ability, at the same time that the family dine together. (Manu 3.110, 111, 113)<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>न ब्राह्मणस्य त्वतिथिर्गृहे राजन्य उच्यते । वैश्यशूद्रौ सखा चैव ज्ञातयो गुरुरेव च । । ३.११० । ।</blockquote><blockquote>यदि त्वतिथिधर्मेण क्षत्रियो गृहं आव्रजेत् । भुक्तवत्सु च विप्रेषु कामं तं अपि भोजयेत् । । ३.१११ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>इतरानपि सख्यादीन्सम्प्रीत्या गृहं आगतान् । प्रकृत्यान्नं यथाशक्ति भोजयेत्सह भार्यया । । ३.११३ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>na brāhmaṇasya tvatithirgr̥he rājanya ucyate । vaiśyaśūdrau sakhā caiva jñātayo gurureva ca । । 3.110 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yadi tvatithidharmeṇa kṣatriyo gr̥haṁ āvrajet । bhuktavatsu ca vipreṣu kāmaṁ taṁ api bhojayet । । 3.111 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>itarānapi sakhyādīnsamprītyā gr̥haṁ āgatān । prakr̥tyānnaṁ yathāśakti bhojayetsaha bhāryayā । । 3.113 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>न ब्राह्मणस्य त्वतिथिर्गृहे राजन्य उच्यते । वैश्यशूद्रौ सखा चैव ज्ञातयो गुरुरेव च । । ३.११० । ।</blockquote><blockquote>यदि त्वतिथिधर्मेण क्षत्रियो गृहं आव्रजेत् । भुक्तवत्सु च विप्रेषु कामं तं अपि भोजयेत् । । ३.१११ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>इतरानपि सख्यादीन्सम्प्रीत्या गृहं आगतान् । प्रकृत्यान्नं यथाशक्ति भोजयेत्सह भार्यया । । ३.११३ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>na brāhmaṇasya tvatithirgr̥he rājanya ucyate । vaiśyaśūdrau sakhā caiva jñātayo gurureva ca । । 3.110 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yadi tvatithidharmeṇa kṣatriyo gr̥haṁ āvrajet । bhuktavatsu ca vipreṣu kāmaṁ taṁ api bhojayet । । 3.111 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>itarānapi sakhyādīnsamprītyā gr̥haṁ āgatān । prakr̥tyānnaṁ yathāśakti bhojayetsaha bhāryayā । । 3.113 । ।</blockquote>

* If a king, priest, snataka, teacher, friend, son-in-law, close person, father-in-law or maternal uncle, come after a full year since their last visit, they should be honoured with the honey-mixture (Madhuparka). A king and a shrotriya (knower of the vedas), who come on the occasion of a sacrifice, must be honoured with the honey-mixture (even if they arrive within the lapse of one year). If not, they need not be honoured.<ref name=":2" />

* If a king, priest, snataka, teacher, close person, father-in-law or maternal uncle, come after a full year since their last visit, they should be honoured with the honey-mixture (Madhuparka). A king and a shrotriya (knower of the vedas), who come on the occasion of a sacrifice, must be honoured with the honey-mixture (even if they arrive within the lapse of one year). If not, they need not be honoured.<ref name=":2" />

<blockquote>राजर्त्विक्स्नातकगुरून्प्रियश्वशुरमातुलान् । अर्हयेन्मधुपर्केण परिसंवत्सरात्पुनः । । ३.११९ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>राजा च श्रोत्रियश्चैव यज्ञकर्मण्युपस्थितौ । मधुपर्केण संपूज्यौ न त्वयज्ञ इति स्थितिः । । ३.१२० । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rājartviksnātakagurūnpriyaśvaśuramātulān । arhayenmadhuparkeṇa parisaṁvatsarātpunaḥ । । 3.119 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rājā ca śrotriyaścaiva yajñakarmaṇyupasthitau । madhuparkeṇa saṁpūjyau na tvayajña iti sthitiḥ । । 3.120 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>राजर्त्विक्स्नातकगुरून्प्रियश्वशुरमातुलान् । अर्हयेन्मधुपर्केण परिसंवत्सरात्पुनः । । ३.११९ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>राजा च श्रोत्रियश्चैव यज्ञकर्मण्युपस्थितौ । मधुपर्केण संपूज्यौ न त्वयज्ञ इति स्थितिः । । ३.१२० । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rājartviksnātakagurūnpriyaśvaśuramātulān । arhayenmadhuparkeṇa parisaṁvatsarātpunaḥ । । 3.119 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rājā ca śrotriyaścaiva yajñakarmaṇyupasthitau । madhuparkeṇa saṁpūjyau na tvayajña iti sthitiḥ । । 3.120 । ।</blockquote>

==== दानवस्तूनि ॥ Offerings to a guest ====

==== दानवस्तूनि ॥ Offerings to a guest ====

According to Manusmrti, the offerings that one should make to a guest include,

According to Manusmrti, the offerings that one should make to a guest include,

* आसनम् (a seat to sit)

* Asana (आसनम् | a seat to sit)

* उदकम् (water to quench his thirst)

* Udaka (उदकम् | water to quench his thirst)

* अन्नम् (food to pacify his hunger)

* Anna (अन्नम् | food to pacify his hunger)

It says,<blockquote>संप्राप्ताय त्वतिथये प्रदद्यादासनोदके । अन्नं चैव यथाशक्ति सत्कृत्य विधिपूर्वकम् । । ३.९९ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>saṁprāptāya tvatithaye pradadyādāsanodake । annaṁ caiva yathāśakti satkr̥tya vidhipūrvakam । । 3.99 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: A guests who has spontaneously arrived should be offered a seat and water, as well as food, flavoured (with seasoning), according to one's ability.

It says,<blockquote>संप्राप्ताय त्वतिथये प्रदद्यादासनोदके । अन्नं चैव यथाशक्ति सत्कृत्य विधिपूर्वकम् । । ३.९९ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>saṁprāptāya tvatithaye pradadyādāsanodake । annaṁ caiva yathāśakti satkr̥tya vidhipūrvakam । । 3.99 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: A guest who has spontaneously arrived should be offered a seat and water, as well as food, flavoured (with seasoning), according to one's ability.

But even when there is no food to offer, there are four things namely grass (for seat), earth (for resting), water, and a kind word never fail in the houses of good men.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>तृणानि भूमिरुदकं वाक्चतुर्थी च सूनृता । एतान्यपि सतां गेहे नोच्छिद्यन्ते कदा चन । । ३.१०१ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>tr̥ṇāni bhūmirudakaṁ vākcaturthī ca sūnr̥tā । etānyapi satāṁ gehe nocchidyante kadā cana । । 3.101 । ।</blockquote>

But even when there is no food to offer, there are four things, namely, grass (for seat), earth (for resting), water, and a kind word that never fail in the houses of good men.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>तृणानि भूमिरुदकं वाक्चतुर्थी च सूनृता । एतान्यपि सतां गेहे नोच्छिद्यन्ते कदा चन । । ३.१०१ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>tr̥ṇāni bhūmirudakaṁ vākcaturthī ca sūnr̥tā । etānyapi satāṁ gehe nocchidyante kadā cana । । 3.101 । ।</blockquote>

==== आतिथ्यधर्माः ॥ Principles of hospitality ====

==== आतिथ्यधर्माः ॥ Principles of hospitality ====

* After venerable people, family, and the servants have dined, the householder and his wife may afterwards eat what remains.<ref name=":1" />

* After venerable people, family, and the servants have dined, the householder and his wife may afterwards eat what remains.<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>भुक्तवत्स्वथ विप्रेषु स्वेषु भृत्येषु चैव हि । भुञ्जीयातां ततः पश्चादवशिष्टं तु दम्पती । । ३.११६ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>bhuktavatsvatha vipreṣu sveṣu bhr̥tyeṣu caiva hi । bhuñjīyātāṁ tataḥ paścādavaśiṣṭaṁ tu dampatī । । 3.116 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>भुक्तवत्स्वथ विप्रेषु स्वेषु भृत्येषु चैव हि । भुञ्जीयातां ततः पश्चादवशिष्टं तु दम्पती । । ३.११६ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>bhuktavatsvatha vipreṣu sveṣu bhr̥tyeṣu caiva hi । bhuñjīyātāṁ tataḥ paścādavaśiṣṭaṁ tu dampatī । । 3.116 । ।</blockquote>

* One should never eat any (tasty) food which is not offered to the guest; the hospitable reception of guests procures wealth, fame, long life, and heavenly bliss.<ref name=":1" />

* One should never eat any (tasty) food which is not offered to the guest. Hospitable reception of guests procures wealth, fame, long life, and heavenly bliss.<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>न वै स्वयं तदश्नीयादतिथिं यन्न भोजयेत् । धन्यं यशस्यं आयुष्यं स्वर्ग्यं वातिथिपूजनम् । । ३.१०६ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>na vai svayaṁ tadaśnīyādatithiṁ yanna bhojayet । dhanyaṁ yaśasyaṁ āyuṣyaṁ svargyaṁ vātithipūjanam । । 3.106 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>न वै स्वयं तदश्नीयादतिथिं यन्न भोजयेत् । धन्यं यशस्यं आयुष्यं स्वर्ग्यं वातिथिपूजनम् । । ३.१०६ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>na vai svayaṁ tadaśnīyādatithiṁ yanna bhojayet । dhanyaṁ yaśasyaṁ āyuṣyaṁ svargyaṁ vātithipūjanam । । 3.106 । ।</blockquote>

==== अतिथिनिरादरफलम् ॥ Fruit of disrespecting a guest ====

==== अतिथिनिरादरफलम् ॥ Fruit of disrespecting a guest ====