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By this are referred the four varnas whose origin is described in the Purusha Sukta as follows,<blockquote>ब्राह्मणोऽस्य मुखमासीद्बाहू राजन्यः कृतः । ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ॥१२॥ (Rig.10.90.12)<ref>Rigveda, Mandala 10, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6 Sukta 90], Verse 12.</ref></blockquote><blockquote>brāhmaṇo'sya mukhamāsīdbāhū rājanyaḥ kr̥taḥ । ūrū tadasya yadvaiśyaḥ padbhyāṁ śūdro ajāyata ॥12॥ (Rig.10.90.12)</blockquote>Meaning: The Brahmana was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made. His thighs became the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/FourVedasEnglishTranslation Four Vedas] (English Translation), Rig Veda - RT Griffith, Hymn XC. Purusa</ref>
By this are referred the four varnas whose origin is described in the Purusha Sukta as follows,<blockquote>ब्राह्मणोऽस्य मुखमासीद्बाहू राजन्यः कृतः । ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ॥१२॥ (Rig.10.90.12)<ref>Rigveda, Mandala 10, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6 Sukta 90], Verse 12.</ref></blockquote><blockquote>brāhmaṇo'sya mukhamāsīdbāhū rājanyaḥ kr̥taḥ । ūrū tadasya yadvaiśyaḥ padbhyāṁ śūdro ajāyata ॥12॥ (Rig.10.90.12)</blockquote>Meaning: The Brahmana was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made. His thighs became the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/FourVedasEnglishTranslation Four Vedas] (English Translation), Rig Veda - RT Griffith, Hymn XC. Purusa</ref>
== विषयविस्तारः ॥ Subject Matter ==
The duties prescribed to each varna are as follows
अध्यापनं अध्ययनं यजनं याजनं तथा । दानं प्रतिग्रहं चैव ब्राह्मणानां अकल्पयत् । । १.८८ । ।
adhyāpanaṁ adhyayanaṁ yajanaṁ yājanaṁ tathā ।dānaṁ pratigrahaṁ caiva brāhmaṇānāṁ akalpayat । । 1.88 । ।
To Brahmanas he assigned teaching and studying (the Veda),
sacrificing for their own benefit and for others, giving and accepting (of
alms). [v.1.88.]
प्रजानां रक्षणं दानं इज्याध्ययनं एव च । विषयेष्वप्रसक्तिश्च क्षत्रियस्य समासतः । । १.८९ । ।
prajānāṁ rakṣaṇaṁ dānaṁ ijyādhyayanaṁ eva ca ।viṣayeṣvaprasaktiśca kṣatriyasya samāsataḥ । । 1.89 । ।
The Kshatriya he commanded to protect the people, to bestow
gifts, to offer sacrifices, to study (the Veda), and to abstain from attaching
himself to sensual pleasures; [v.1.89.]
पशूनां रक्षणं दानं इज्याध्ययनं एव च ।
वणिक्पथं कुसीदं च वैश्यस्य कृषिं एव च । । १.९० । ।
The Vaisya to tend cattle, to bestow gifts, to offer
sacrifices, to study (the Veda), to trade, to lend money, and to cultivate
land. [v.1.90.]
एकं एव तु शूद्रस्य प्रभुः कर्म समादिशत् ।
एतेषां एव वर्णानां शुश्रूषां अनसूयया । । १.९१ । ।
One occupation only the lord prescribed to the Sudra, to
serve meekly even these (other) three castes. [v.1.91.]
== References ==
== References ==