Changes

* According to Padma Purana (Bhumi Kanda, Chap 23), Hiranyakashipu, the son of Kashyapa Prajapati and his wife Danu, is killed by Mahavishnu for his wrong asuric deeds. Kashyapa grants her another powerful son Vala or Bala, whom Indra kills with his Vajrayudha for stealing the cows. Angered Kashyapa, plucked a hair and made a burnt offering of it, saying that a son would be born who will be the destroyer of Indra.       

* According to Padma Purana (Bhumi Kanda, Chap 23), Hiranyakashipu, the son of Kashyapa Prajapati and his wife Danu, is killed by Mahavishnu for his wrong asuric deeds. Kashyapa grants her another powerful son Vala or Bala, whom Indra kills with his Vajrayudha for stealing the cows. Angered Kashyapa, plucked a hair and made a burnt offering of it, saying that a son would be born who will be the destroyer of Indra.       

* According to Devi Bhagavata (Skanda 6)  Tvasthra (त्वष्ट्रा) angered by Indra's killing of his son Vishwaroopa (विश्वरूपः) (also called Trishiras), initiates an ābhicārikaḥ yāgaḥ || (आभिचारिकः यागः | a yaga performed to cause harm to an intended person) to procure a son to kill Indra.  

* According to Devi Bhagavata (Skanda 6)  Tvastra (त्वष्ट्रा) angered by Indra's killing of his son Vishwaroopa (विश्वरूपः) (also called Trishiras), initiates an ābhicārikaḥ yāgaḥ || (आभिचारिकः यागः | a yaga performed to cause harm to an intended person) to procure a son to kill Indra.  

The ritvijas were to utter the mantra "इन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्व" with अन्त उदात्तः ॥ Anta Udaatta or Udaatta swara in the end of the mantra (to mean Prosper Oh ! Enemy of Indra) instead they used the आद्य उदात्तः ॥ Aadya Udaatta swara in the beginning of the mantra (meaning Oh! Indra, one who has enemies, Prosper). The meaning of the mantra changed with the improper utterance of the swara. So instead of asking for the rise and prosperity of a son to take revenge on Indra, the ऋत्विज || ritvijas asked for the prosperity and glory of Indra who destroyed असुर || Asuras. Thus वृत्रासुर '''||''' Vrtrasura the son of त्वष्ट्रा ॥ Tvasthra was born, an enemy of Indra, but eventually Indra was rewarded with glory of killing वृत्रासुर '''||''' Vrtrasura.<ref name=":2" />

The [[Rtvik (ऋत्विक्)|ritvijs]] (ऋत्विज्-s) were to utter the mantra "इन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्व" (indraśatrurvardhasva) with Anta Udatta or Udatta swara (अन्त-उदात्तः) in the end of the mantra (to mean Prosper Oh ! Enemy of Indra) instead they used the Adya Udatta swara (आद्य उदात्तः) in the beginning of the mantra (meaning Oh! Indra, one who has enemies, Prosper). The meaning of the mantra changed with the improper utterance of the svara. So, instead of asking for the rise and prosperity of a son to take revenge on Indra, the ritvijas asked for the prosperity and glory of Indra who destroyed Asuras. Thus, Vrtrasura, the son of Tvastra was born, an enemy of Indra, but eventually Indra was rewarded with glory of killing Vrtrasura.<ref name=":2" />

==== '''वृत्रासुरवधः || Vrtrasura Vadha''' ====

==== '''वृत्रासुरवधः || Vrtrasura Vadha''' ====

The Rig Veda sukta 1.80.1-16 describes the war of Indra against [[Vritrasura (वृत्रासुर)|Vrtrasura]]. Indra's power and strength in wielding the Vajraayudha is beautifully described in these mantras.    

The Rigveda sukta 1.80.1-16 describes the war of Indra against Vrtrasura. Indra's power and strength in wielding the Vajrayudha is beautifully described in these mantras.    

Under the leadership of Vrtrasura, his followers the Kaalakeyas and other rakshasas besieged the Devatas. The battle raged for a long time between [[Indra and Vritrasura (इन्द्र और वृत्रासुर)|Indra and Vrtrasura]] but Vrtra was invincible. Devatas along with Indra approach Mahavishnu for a solution to kill Vrtraasura. Mahavishnu informs them that Vrtra can be killed only with the bone of [[Dadhichi Rishi (दधीचि ऋषि)|Dadhichi]] rushi. Thereby from the bones of Dadichi rushi, Indra prepares his weapon called "Vajra", and with a fatal stroke of Vajra, Vrtra falls dead. Hence Indra gets the name वृत्रहा || Vrtraha. (Mahabharata. Vana Parva. Chap 101 <ref>Pt. Ramnarayan. Mahabharat ([https://archive.org/stream/Mahabharata04SanskritHindiPanditRamnarayanGitaPress/Mahabharata%2002_%20Sanskrit-Hindi_Pandit%20Ramnarayan_Gita%20Press#page/n341/mode/2up VanaParva, Adhyaya 101]) Page No 343. Gorakhpur: Gita Press</ref>. Santi Parva. Chap 281. Verses 13 -21)    

Under the leadership of Vrtrasura, his followers, the Kalakeyas and other rakshasas besieged the Devatas. The battle raged for a long time between [[Indra and Vrtrasura (इन्द्रः वृत्रासुरः च)|Indra and Vrtrasura]] but Vrtra was invincible. Devatas along with Indra approach Mahavishnu for a solution to kill Vrtrasura. Mahavishnu informs them that Vrtra can be killed only with the bone of [[Dadhichi (दधीचिः)|Dadhichi]] rishi. Thereby, from the bones of Dadhichi rishi, Indra prepares his weapon called "Vajra", and with a fatal stroke of Vajra, Vrtra falls dead. Hence, Indra gets the name Vrtraha (वृत्रहा). (Mahabharata. Vana Parva. Chap 101 <ref>Pt. Ramnarayan. Mahabharat ([https://archive.org/stream/Mahabharata04SanskritHindiPanditRamnarayanGitaPress/Mahabharata%2002_%20Sanskrit-Hindi_Pandit%20Ramnarayan_Gita%20Press#page/n341/mode/2up VanaParva, Adhyaya 101]) Page No 343. Gorakhpur: Gita Press</ref>. Shanti Parva. Chap 281. Verses 13 -21)    

By killing Vrtrasura, Indra incurred the sin of Brahmahatya. He goes to the Maanasasarovara to expiate for the sin. It was at that time that King Nahusha, takes the place of Indra. Cursed by Agastya rushi, Nahusha becomes a serpent and goes back to earth, then the Devatas reinstate Indra as Lokapalaka. (Mahabharata Udyoga parva Chap. 18).  According to Valmiki Ramayana (Balakanda 24 Sarga), Devatas take Indra to Sarayu river for a holy bath to expiate the sin of Brahmahatya.<ref name=":1" />

By killing Vrtrasura, Indra incurred the sin of Brahmahatya (ब्रह्महत्या). He goes to the Manasa sarovara to expiate for the sin. It was at that time that King Nahusha, takes the place of Indra. Cursed by Agastya rइshi, Nahusha becomes a serpent and goes back to earth, then the Devatas reinstate Indra as Loka palaka. (Mahabharata Udyoga parva Chap. 18).  According to Valmiki Ramayana (Balakanda 24 Sarga), Devatas take Indra to Sharayu river for a holy bath to expiate the sin of Brahmahatya.<ref name=":1" />

=== Indra and Mountains ===

=== Indra and Mountains ===

==== ऋग्वेदः ॥ Rigveda ====

==== ऋग्वेदः ॥ Rigveda ====