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Vedas are a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth. Understanding vaidika literature itself developed into many branches covering different aspects of the subject. While some have developed independently (such as Jyotisha - to explain muhurtas in vaidika kriyas), others summarize (such as Kalpa which is a manual of procedures from different vedas) and a few others are simplified (like the Puranas in story format) for easy understanding (including the Mahabharata).

Vedas are a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth. Understanding vaidika literature itself developed into many branches covering different aspects of the subject. While some have developed independently (such as Jyotisha - to explain muhurtas in vaidika kriyas), others summarize (such as Kalpa which is a manual of procedures from different vedas) and a few others are simplified (like the Puranas in story format) for easy understanding (including the Mahabharata).

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas ==

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas ==

चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. These include the [[The four Vedas (चतुर्वेद)|Chaturvedas]] (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvanaveda), Shad(ved)angas (Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotish), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastra) of Vedas.<ref name=":02222">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. These include the [[The Four Vedas (चतुर्वेदाः)|Chaturvedas]] (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvanaveda), Shad(ved)angas (Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotish), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastra) of Vedas.<ref name=":02222">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

=== चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas ===

=== चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas ===

According to Vachaspatyam, '''Nandi Purana''' gives the 14 vidyasthanas as follows<blockquote>वेदादिषु चतुर्दशसु विद्यासु। ताश्च “विद्याश्चतुर्दश प्रोक्ताः क्रमेण तु यथास्थिति। षडङ्गमिश्रितावेदा धर्म्मशास्त्रं पुराणकम्। मीमांमातर्कमपि च एता विद्याश्चतुर्दश” नन्दि पु०।<ref name=":22222">Vachaspatyam ([http://www.upasanayoga.org/sites/default/files/sanskritdocs/VacD-Pages/VacD-206_catu-catur.htm Chaturdashavidyas])</ref></blockquote>Meaning : Fourteen vidyas are given as is - vedas with their 6 angas, dharmashastram, puranam, mimamsa with tarka.  

According to वाचस्पत्यम् ॥ Vachaspatya, नन्दिपुराणम् ॥ '''Nandi Purana''' gives the 14 विद्यास्थान-s || vidyasthanas as follows<blockquote>वेदादिषु चतुर्दशसु विद्यासु। ताश्च “विद्याश्चतुर्दश प्रोक्ताः क्रमेण तु यथास्थिति। षडङ्गमिश्रितावेदा धर्म्मशास्त्रं पुराणकम्। मीमांमातर्कमपि च एता विद्याश्चतुर्दश” | नन्दि पु०।<ref name=":22222">Vachaspatyam ([http://www.upasanayoga.org/sites/default/files/sanskritdocs/VacD-Pages/VacD-206_catu-catur.htm Chaturdashavidyas])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>vedādiṣu caturdaśasu vidyāsu। tāśca "vidyāścaturdaśa proktāḥ krameṇa tu yathāsthiti। ṣaḍaṅgamiśritāvedā dharmmaśāstraṃ purāṇakam। mīmāṃmātarkamapi ca etā vidyāścaturdaśa"| nandi pu।</blockquote>Meaning : Fourteen विद्या-s || vidyas are given as - vedas with their 6 अङ्ग-s || angas, धर्मशास्त्रम् || dharmashastra, पुराणम् ॥ purana, मीमांसा ॥ mimamsa with तर्कः ॥ tarka.  

According to Vachaspatyam, <blockquote>पुराणन्यायमीमांसाधर्म्मशास्त्राङ्गमिश्रिताः। वेदाः स्थानानि विद्यानां धर्म्मस्य च चतुर्दश” या० स्मृतौ विद्यास्थानत्वोक्तेस्तासां तथात्वम्।<ref name=":22222" /> (Yagn. Smri. 1.3)</blockquote>Summary: Purana, Nyaya, Mimamsa, Dharmashastras combined with vedangas, and vedas form the 14 vidyastanas as given in '''Yagnavalkya Smriti'''.

According to वाचस्पत्यम् ॥ Vachaspatyam, <blockquote>पुराणन्यायमीमांसाधर्म्मशास्त्राङ्गमिश्रिताः। वेदाः स्थानानि विद्यानां धर्म्मस्य च चतुर्दश” या० स्मृतौ विद्यास्थानत्वोक्तेस्तासां तथात्वम्।<ref name=":22222" /> (Yagn. Smri. 1.3)</blockquote><blockquote>purāṇanyāyamīmāṃsādharmmaśāstrāṅgamiśritāḥ। vedāḥ sthānāni vidyānāṃ dharmmasya ca caturdaśa" yā. smṛtau vidyāsthānatvoktestāsāṃ tathātvam। (Yagn. Smri. 1.3)</blockquote>Summary: पुराणम् ॥ Purana, न्यायः ॥ Nyaya, मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa, धर्मशास्त्राणि ॥ Dharmashastras combined with वेदाङ्गानि ॥ vedangas, and वेदाः ॥ vedas form the 14 विद्यास्थानानि ॥ vidyastanas as given in याज्ञवल्क्यस्मृतिः ॥ '''Yagnavalkya Smriti'''.

 

=== अष्टादशविद्याः ॥ Ashtadasha vidyas ===

=== अष्टादशविद्याः ॥ Ashtadasha vidyas ===

However, Vishnupurana<ref name=":5222">[http://www.astrojyoti.com/puranassanskrit.htm Vishnupurana] (3.6)</ref> enumerates the existence of 18 vidyasthanas by adding Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, Gandharvaveda and Arthasashtra (four Upavedas) to the previously explained 14 vidyasthanas as given in the following slokas.<blockquote>अङ्गानि वेदाश्चत्वारो मीमांसा न्यायविस्तरः। पुराणं धर्मशास्त्रं च विद्या ह्येताश्चतुर्दश ॥ २८ ॥ (Vish. Pura. 3.6.28)</blockquote><blockquote>aṅgāni vedāścatvāro mīmāṃsā nyāyavistaraḥ। purāṇaṃ dharmaśāstraṃ ca vidyā hyetāścaturdaśa ॥ 28 ॥ (Vish. Pura. 3.6.28)</blockquote><blockquote>आयुर्वेदो धनुर्वेदो गान्धर्वश्चेत्यनुक्रमात् । अर्थशास्त्रं परं तस्मात् विद्या ह्यष्टादश स्मृताः ।। २९ ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.29)</blockquote><blockquote>āyurvedo dhanurvedo gāndharvaścetyanukramāt । arthaśāstraṃ paraṃ tasmāt vidyā hyaṣṭādaśa smṛtāḥ ।। 29 ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.29)</blockquote>'''Shivamahapuranam''' also describes the 14 Vidyas and 18 vidyas as given above. (5.7) <ref name=":022" />

However, विष्णुपुराणम् ॥ Vishnupurana<ref name=":5222">[http://www.astrojyoti.com/puranassanskrit.htm Vishnupurana] (3.6)</ref> enumerates the existence of 18 विद्यास्थानानि ॥ vidyasthanas by adding आयुर्वेदः ॥ [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]], धनुर्वेदः ॥ Dhanurveda, गान्धर्ववेदः ॥ Gandharvaveda and अर्थशास्त्रम् ॥ [[Arthashastra]] (four उपवेदाः ॥ Upavedas) to the previously explained 14 विद्यास्थान-s || vidyasthanas as given in the following slokas.<blockquote>अङ्गानि वेदाश्चत्वारो मीमांसा न्यायविस्तरः। पुराणं धर्मशास्त्रं च विद्या ह्येताश्चतुर्दश ॥ २८ ॥ (Vish. Pura. 3.6.28)</blockquote><blockquote>aṅgāni vedāścatvāro mīmāṃsā nyāyavistaraḥ। purāṇaṃ dharmaśāstraṃ ca vidyā hyetāścaturdaśa ॥ 28 ॥ (Vish. Pura. 3.6.28)</blockquote><blockquote>आयुर्वेदो धनुर्वेदो गान्धर्वश्चेत्यनुक्रमात् । अर्थशास्त्रं परं तस्मात् विद्या ह्यष्टादश स्मृताः ।। २९ ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.29)</blockquote><blockquote>āyurvedo dhanurvedo gāndharvaścetyanukramāt । arthaśāstraṃ paraṃ tasmāt vidyā hyaṣṭādaśa smṛtāḥ ।। 29 ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.29)</blockquote>शिवमहापुराणम् ॥ '''Shivamahapuranam''' also describes the 14 विद्याः ॥ Vidyas and 18 विद्याः ॥ vidyas as given above. (5.7) <ref name=":022" />

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool)<ref name=":42222" />. And with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called [[Shad Vedaangas (षड् वेदाङ्ग)|Vedangas]]. The oldest reference to what constitute the Vedangas is given in Mundakopanishad <blockquote>तत्रापरा ऋग्वेदो यजुर्वेदः सामवेदोऽथर्ववेदः शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दो ज्योतिषमिति । (Mund. Upan. 1.1.5)<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D Mundakopanishad]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tatrāparā r̥gvēdō yajurvēdaḥ sāmavēdō'tharvavēdaḥ śikṣā kalpō vyākaraṇaṁ niruktaṁ chandō jyōtiṣamiti । (Mund. Upan. 1.1.5)</blockquote>Meaning : Aparavidya include the rigveda, yajurveda, samaveda, atharvaveda (four vedas), siksha, kalpa, vyakaranam, niruktam, chandas, jyothisha (6 angas of vedas). <blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chandasāṃ cayaḥ । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ caiva vedāṅgāni ṣaḍeva tu ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool)<ref name=":42222" />. And with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedangas. The oldest reference to what constitute the Vedangas is given in मुण्ड्कोपनिषद् ॥ Mundakopanishad <blockquote>तत्रापरा ऋग्वेदो यजुर्वेदः सामवेदोऽथर्ववेदः शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दो ज्योतिषमिति । (Mund. Upan. 1.1.5)<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D Mundakopanishad]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tatrāparā r̥gvēdō yajurvēdaḥ sāmavēdō'tharvavēdaḥ śikṣā kalpō vyākaraṇaṁ niruktaṁ chandō jyōtiṣamiti । (Mund. Upan. 1.1.5)</blockquote>Meaning : Aparavidya include the rigveda, yajurveda, samaveda, atharvaveda (four vedas), siksha, kalpa, vyakaranam, niruktam, chandas, jyothisha (6 angas of vedas). <blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chandasāṃ cayaḥ । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ caiva vedāṅgāni ṣaḍeva tu ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

! Title

! Title

|<nowiki>6.कल्पः || Kalpa</nowiki>

|<nowiki>6.कल्पः || Kalpa</nowiki>

| Science or manual of yagna kriyas or rituals, both Vedic and domestic

| Science or manual of yagna kriyas or rituals, both Vedic and domestic

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥ (Pani. Siks. 41) </blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥ (Pani. Siks. 42)  </blockquote><blockquote>chandaḥ pādau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha ucyate । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ cakṣurniruktaṃ śrotramucyate ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā ghrāṇaṃ tu vedasya mukhaṃ vyākaraṇaṃ smṛtam । tasmāt sāṅgamadhītyaiva brahmaloke mahīyate ॥</blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE Panineeyasiksha] (41 and 42)</ref><ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥ (Pani. Siks. 41) </blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥ (Pani. Siks. 42)  </blockquote><blockquote>chandaḥ pādau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha ucyate । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ cakṣurniruktaṃ śrotramucyate ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā ghrāṇaṃ tu vedasya mukhaṃ vyākaraṇaṃ smṛtam । tasmāt sāṅgamadhītyaiva brahmaloke mahīyate ॥</blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "छन्दस् ॥ Chandas forms the feet of the वेदपुरुषः ॥ Vedapurusha, while कल्पाः ॥ Kalpas are the hands, ज्योतिष् ॥ Jyotish is the eye, निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta forms the ears, शिक्षा ॥ Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana. Only by studying वेदाः ॥ vedas (वेदपुरुषः ॥ Vedapurusha) along with वेदाङ्गानि ॥ vedangas (different parts) will one attain the ब्रह्मलोकः ॥ brahmaloka".<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE Panineeyasiksha] (41 and 42)</ref><ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

Vedangas are thus special shastras to understand the vedic language, meaning and their usage and the karmakanda expounded in Vedas. To discourage digressing distorted interpretations these shastras have been given by the great rishis to streamline the understanding of correct intent of the Vedas.<ref name=":42222" />

Vedangas are thus, special shastras to understand the vedic language, meaning and their usage and the कर्मकाण्डः ॥ karmakanda expounded in Vedas. To discourage digressing distorted interpretations these शास्त्र-s ॥ shastras have been given by the great rishis to streamline the understanding of correct intent of the Vedas.<ref name=":42222" />

== अनुक्रमणिकाः || Anukramanikas ==

== अनुक्रमणिकाः || Anukramanikas ==

For the protection of Veda mantras Anukramanika granthas have been compiled. These Anukramanikas are lists that contain concise information about the Veda mantra's rishi, chandas and devatas. The most important rishis who contributed to creation of these lists include - Shaunaka, Katyayana. Though these Anukramanikas are not included Vedangas, these play an important role in the protection of vedas.

For the protection of Veda mantras अनुक्रमणिका-ग्रन्थाः ॥ Anukramanika granthas have been compiled. These Anukramanikas are lists that contain concise information about the Veda mantra's ऋषिः ॥ rishi, छन्दस् ॥ chandas and देवताः ॥ devatas. The most important rishis who contributed to creation of these lists include - शौनकः ॥ Shaunaka, कात्यायनः ॥ Katyayana. Though these अनुक्रमणिकाः ॥ Anukramanikas are not included वेदाङ्गानि ।\ Vedangas, these play an important role in the [[Preservation of the Vedas (वेदपरिरक्षणम्)|protection of vedas]].

In Rig veda, the rishi, chandas, devata, anuvaka, sukta number, the name and important features are compiled in structured manner, in Anustup chandas. The phalasiddhi or benefits of chanting particular mantras is also explained in detail. Such texts are available for other vedas also (Page 94 and 95 of Reference <ref name=":42222" />).

In ऋग्वेदः ॥ Rigveda, the ऋषिः ॥ rishi, छन्दस् ॥ chandas, देवता ॥ devata, अनुवाकः ॥ anuvaka, सूक्त ॥ sukta number, the name and important features are compiled in structured manner, in अनुष्टुप् छन्दस् ॥ Anustup chandas. The फलसिद्धिः ॥ phalasiddhi (benefits) of chanting particular mantras is also explained in detail. Such texts are available for other vedas also (Page 94 and 95 of Reference <ref name=":42222" />).

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

Upangas of Vedas include the following four bodies of knowledge namely<ref name=":02222" /><ref name=":22222" /><ref name=":5222" /><ref name=":32222">Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Swamiji, (2000) ''[http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part5/chap5.htm Hindu Dharma (Collection of Swamiji's Speeches between 1907 to 1994)]''Mumbai : Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan </ref>.   

Upangas of Vedas include the following four bodies of knowledge namely<ref name=":02222" /><ref name=":22222" /><ref name=":5222" /><ref name=":32222">Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Swamiji, (2000) ''[http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part5/chap5.htm Hindu Dharma (Collection of Swamiji's Speeches between 1907 to 1994)]''Mumbai : Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan </ref>.   

# Puranas   

# Puranas   

# Mimamsa     

# [[Mimamsa (मीमांसा)|Mimamsa]]    

# [[Nyaya Darsana|Nyaya shastra]]   

# [[Nyaya Darsana|Nyaya shastra]]   

# Dharmashastra   

# Dharmashastra   

According to some scholars,<ref name=":12">Shri, Satya. (2017) ''Demystifying Brahminism and Reinventing Hinduism: Vol 1.'' Chennai: Notion Press</ref><ref>Introduction about [http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/table_qualities.htm Upangas] (Maharshi Vedic University)</ref> the Shad-darshanas may be classified as Upangas of Vedas.

According to some scholars,<ref name=":12">Shri, Satya. (2017) ''Demystifying Brahminism and Reinventing Hinduism: Vol 1.'' Chennai: Notion Press</ref><ref>Introduction about [http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/table_qualities.htm Upangas] (Maharshi Vedic University)</ref> the [[Shad Darshanas|Shad-darshanas]] may be classified as Upangas of Vedas.

== उपवेदाः || Upavedas ==

== उपवेदाः || Upavedas ==

They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda<ref name=":5222" /><ref>[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upaveda/ Introduction to Upavedas]</ref> viz.

They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda<ref name=":5222" /><ref>[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upaveda/ Introduction to Upavedas]</ref> viz.

|<nowiki> आयुर्वेदः || Ayurveda</nowiki>

|<nowiki> आयुर्वेदः || Ayurveda</nowiki>

| Science of healthy living including the prevention and cure of diseases

| Science of healthy living including the prevention and cure of diseases

| Rig Veda

| Rigveda

|-

|-

|<nowiki> गान्धर्ववेदः || Gandharvaveda</nowiki>

|<nowiki> गान्धर्ववेदः || Gandharvaveda</nowiki>

| Science of all forms of fine arts like music and dance.

| Science of all forms of fine arts like music and dance.

| Sama Veda.

| Samaveda.

|-

|-

|<nowiki> अर्थशास्त्रम् || Arthashastra</nowiki>

|<nowiki> अर्थशास्त्रम् || Arthashastra</nowiki>

| Science of finance, economics, politics, statesmanship, public administration

| Science of finance, economics, politics, statesmanship, public administration

| Atharva Veda

| Atharvaveda

|-

|-

|<nowiki> धनुर्वेदः || Dhanurveda</nowiki>

|<nowiki> धनुर्वेदः || Dhanurveda</nowiki>

| Science of archery and warfare

| Science of archery and warfare

| Yajurveda.

| Yajurveda.

|}Some schools hold Sthapatyaveda (architecture) as the fourth Upaveda instead of Arthashastra. Sthapatyaveda relates with engineering and architecture.<ref name=":12" />

|}Some schools hold स्थापत्यवेदः ॥ Sthapatyaveda (architecture) as the fourth Upaveda instead of अर्थशास्त्रम् ॥ Arthashastra. स्थापत्यवेदः ॥ Sthapatyaveda relates with engineering and architecture.<ref name=":12" />

== पुराणानि ॥ Puranas  ==

== पुराणानि ॥ Puranas  ==

The [[Puranas]] are a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian texts about a wide range of topics particularly legends and traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major devatas such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 Mahapuranas (Great Puranas) and 18 Upapuranas (Minor Puranas), containing over 400,000 verses.<ref name=":42222" /><ref name=":022">[http://www.vcscsd.org/content/balabhavan/18-Puranas.pdf 18 Puranas - English Translation] by Dharmic Scriptures Team</ref> The list of Puranas is given in Padmapurana (2.3.5), Vishnupurana (3.6), Skanda purana (4.7.1), Agni Purana (10.8.3)<ref name=":022" />

The [[Puranas]] are a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian texts about a wide range of topics particularly legends and traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major devatas such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 महापुराणानि ॥ Mahapuranas (Great Puranas) and 18 उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas (Minor Puranas), containing over 400,000 verses.<ref name=":42222" /><ref name=":022">[http://www.vcscsd.org/content/balabhavan/18-Puranas.pdf 18 Puranas - English Translation] by Dharmic Scriptures Team</ref> The list of Puranas is given in पद्मपुराणम् ॥ Padmapurana (2.3.5), विष्णुपुराणम् ॥ Vishnupurana (3.6), स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda purana (4.7.1), अग्निपुराणम् ॥ Agni Purana (10.8.3)<ref name=":022" />

The 18 Mahapuranas listed in Vishnu puranam<ref name=":5222" /> are as follows<blockquote>अष्टादश पुराणानि पुराणज्ञाः प्रचक्षते। ब्राह्मं पाद्मं वैष्णवञ्च शैवं भागवतं तथा। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.20)</blockquote><blockquote>aṣṭādaśa purāṇāni purāṇajñāḥ pracakṣatē। brāhmaṁ pādmaṁ vaiṣṇavañca śaivaṁ bhāgavataṁ tathā। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.20)</blockquote><blockquote>अथान्यन्नारदीयञ्च मार्कण्डेयञ्च सप्तमम् । आग्नेयमष्टमञ्चैव भविष्यं नवमं तथा ।(Vish. Pura. 3.6.21)</blockquote><blockquote>athānyannāradīyañca mārkaṇḍēyañca saptamam । āgnēyamaṣṭamañcaiva bhaviṣyaṁ navamaṁ tathā ।(Vish. Pura. 3.6.21) </blockquote><blockquote>दशमं ब्रह्मवैवर्त्तं लैङ्गमेकादशं स्मृतम्। वाराहं द्वादशञ्चैव स्कान्दञ्चैव त्रयोदशम्। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.22)</blockquote><blockquote>daśamaṁ brahmavaivarttaṁ laiṅgamēkādaśaṁ smr̥tam। vārāhaṁ dvādaśañcaiva skāndañcaiva trayōdaśam। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.22) </blockquote><blockquote>चतुर्दशं वामनञ्च कौर्मं पञ्चदशं स्मृतम्। मात्स्यञ्च गारुडञ्चैव ब्रह्माण्डञ्च ततःपरम्। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.23)</blockquote><blockquote>caturdaśaṁ vāmanañca kaurmaṁ pañcadaśaṁ smr̥tam। mātsyañca gāruḍañcaiva brahmāṇḍañca tataḥparam। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.23)</blockquote><blockquote>तथा चोपपुराणानि मुनिभिः कथितानि च । महापुराणान्येतानि ह्मष्टादश महामुने ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.24)</blockquote><blockquote>tathā cōpapurāṇāni munibhiḥ kathitāni ca । mahāpurāṇānyētāni hmaṣṭādaśa mahāmunē ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.24)</blockquote>Meaning : 18 Puranas have been seen (given). They include Brahma Puranam, Padma puranam, Vishnu Puranam, Shiva Puranam, Bhagawata Puranam. And the others are Narada Puranam, Markandeya Puran is the seventh, Agni Puranam is the eighth, Bhavishya puranam being the ninth. the tenth is Brahma vaivarta Puranam, the eleventh is termed Linga Puranam. Varaha Puranam is the twelfth and Skanda Puranam the thirteenth, fourteenth is Vamana Puranam, Kurma Puranam is termed the fifteenth. Matsya Puranam, Garuda Puranam and Brahmanda Puranam come after these. And (eighteen) Upa Puranas have been given by rishis along with these Mahapuranas.

The 18 महापुराणानि ।। Mahapuranas listed in विष्णुपुराणम् ॥ Vishnu puranam<ref name=":5222" /> are as follows<blockquote>अष्टादश पुराणानि पुराणज्ञाः प्रचक्षते। ब्राह्मं पाद्मं वैष्णवञ्च शैवं भागवतं तथा। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.20)</blockquote><blockquote>aṣṭādaśa purāṇāni purāṇajñāḥ pracakṣatē। brāhmaṁ pādmaṁ vaiṣṇavañca śaivaṁ bhāgavataṁ tathā। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.20)</blockquote><blockquote>अथान्यन्नारदीयञ्च मार्कण्डेयञ्च सप्तमम् । आग्नेयमष्टमञ्चैव भविष्यं नवमं तथा ।(Vish. Pura. 3.6.21)</blockquote><blockquote>athānyannāradīyañca mārkaṇḍēyañca saptamam । āgnēyamaṣṭamañcaiva bhaviṣyaṁ navamaṁ tathā ।(Vish. Pura. 3.6.21) </blockquote><blockquote>दशमं ब्रह्मवैवर्त्तं लैङ्गमेकादशं स्मृतम्। वाराहं द्वादशञ्चैव स्कान्दञ्चैव त्रयोदशम्। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.22)</blockquote><blockquote>daśamaṁ brahmavaivarttaṁ laiṅgamēkādaśaṁ smr̥tam। vārāhaṁ dvādaśañcaiva skāndañcaiva trayōdaśam। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.22) </blockquote><blockquote>चतुर्दशं वामनञ्च कौर्मं पञ्चदशं स्मृतम्। मात्स्यञ्च गारुडञ्चैव ब्रह्माण्डञ्च ततःपरम्। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.23)</blockquote><blockquote>caturdaśaṁ vāmanañca kaurmaṁ pañcadaśaṁ smr̥tam। mātsyañca gāruḍañcaiva brahmāṇḍañca tataḥparam। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.23)</blockquote><blockquote>तथा चोपपुराणानि मुनिभिः कथितानि च । महापुराणान्येतानि ह्मष्टादश महामुने ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.24)</blockquote><blockquote>tathā cōpapurāṇāni munibhiḥ kathitāni ca । mahāpurāṇānyētāni hmaṣṭādaśa mahāmunē ।। (Vish. Pura. 3.6.24)</blockquote>Meaning : 18 Puranas have been seen (given). They include ब्रह्मपुराणम् ॥ Brahma Purana, पद्मपुराणम् ॥ Padma purana, विष्णुपुराणम् ॥ Vishnu Purana, शिवपुराणम् ॥ Shiva Purana, भागवतपुराणम् ॥ Bhagavata Purana. And the others are नारदपुराणम् ॥ Narada Purana, मार्कण्डेयपुराणम् ॥ Markandeya Purana is the seventh, अग्निपुराणम् ॥ Agni Purana is the eighth, भविष्यपुराणम् ॥ Bhavishya purana being the ninth. the tenth is ब्रह्मवैवर्तपुराणम् ॥ Brahma vaivarta Purana, the eleventh is termed लिङ्गपुराणम् ॥ Linga Purana. वराहपुराणम् ॥ Varaha Purana is the twelfth and स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda Purana the thirteenth, fourteenth is वामनपुराणम् ॥ Vamana Purana, कूर्मपुराणम् ॥ Kurma Purana is termed the fifteenth. मत्स्यपुराणम् ॥ Matsya Purana, गरुडपुराणम् ॥ Garuda Purana and ब्रह्माण्डपुराणम् ॥ Brahmanda Purana come after these. And (eighteen) उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas have been given by ऋषि-s || rishis along with these महापुराण-s || Mahapuranas.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+अष्टादश महापुराणानि

|+अष्टादश महापुराणानि

|}

|}

== उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas ==

== उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas ==

The Upapuranas are variously given in different texts. However a few are common in all these versions.  

The उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas are variously given in different texts. However a few are common in all these versions.  

In Skanda purana (4.7.1).<ref name=":022" /> : Sanatkumara, Narsimha, Skanda, Shiva Dharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manu, Ushana, Brahmanda, Varuna, Kalika, Maheshwara, Samba, Saura, Parashara, Maricha and Bhargava puranam.  

In स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda purana (4.7.1)<ref name=":022" /> : सनत्कुमारपुराणम् ॥ Sanatkumara Purana , नरसिंहपुराणम् ॥ Narsimha Purana, स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda Purana, शिवधर्मपुराणम् ॥ Shiva Dharma Purana, दुर्वासपुराणाम् ॥ Durvasa Purana, नारदपुराणम् ॥ Narada Purana, कपिलपुराणम् ॥ Kapila Purana, मनुपुराणम् ॥ Manu Purana, Ushana Purana, ब्रह्माण्डपुराणम् ॥ Brahmanda Purana, वरुणपुराणम् ॥ Varuna Purana, कालिकापुराणम् ॥ Kalika Purana, महेश्वरपुराणम् ॥ Maheshwara Purana, साम्बपुराणम् ॥ Samba Purana, सौरपुराणम् ॥ Saura Purana, पराशरपुराणम् ॥ Parashara Purana, मरीचपुराणम् ॥ Maricha Purana and भार्गवपुराणम् ॥ Bhargava Purana.  

In Garuda Puranam<ref name=":42222" /> : Sanathkumara, Skanda, Shivadharma, Ascharya, Narada, Kapila, Vamana, Aushasana, Brahmanda, Varuna, Kalika, Maheswara, Samba, Saura, Parashara, Maricha and Bhargava puranam.  

In गरुडपुराणम् ॥ Garuda Purana<ref name=":42222" /> : सनत्कुमारपुराणम् ॥ Sanathkumara Purana, स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda Purana, शिवधर्मपुराणम् ॥ Shivadharma Purana, आश्चर्यपुराणम् ॥ Ashcharya Purana, नारदपुराणम् ॥ Narada Purana, कपिलपुराणम् ॥ Kapila Purana, वामनपुराणम् ॥ Vamana Purana, औषनसपुराणम् ॥ Aushasana Purana, ब्रह्माण्डपुराणम् ॥ Brahmanda Purana, वरुणपुराणम् ॥ Varuna Purana, कालिकापुराणम् ॥ Kalika Purana, महेश्वरपुराणम् ॥ Maheswara Purana, साम्बपुराणम् ॥ Samba Purana, सौरपुराणम् ॥ Saura Purana, पराशरपुराणम् ॥ Parashara Purana, मरीचपुराणम् ॥ Maricha Purana and भार्गवपुरानम् ॥ Bhargava Purana.  

In देवीभागवतम् ॥ Devibhagavatam<ref name=":42222" /> : In place of Skanda, Vamana, Brahmanda, Maricha, and Bhargava Puranas, we see Shiva, Manava, Aditya, Bhagavata, Vasishta Puranas are seen (rest as given in Garuda Puranam).  

In देवीभागवतम् ॥ Devibhagavata<ref name=":42222" /> : In place of स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda Purana, वामनपुराणम् ॥ Vamana Purana, ब्रह्माण्डपुराणम् ॥ Brahmanda Purana, मरीचपुराणम् ॥ Maricha Purana, and भार्गवपुराणम् ॥ Bhargava Purana, we see शिवपुराणम् ॥ Shiva Purana, मानवपुराणम् ॥ Manava Purana, आदित्यपुराणम् ॥ Aditya Purana, भागवतपुराणम् ॥ Bhagavata Purana, वसिष्ठपुराणम् ॥ Vasishta Purana are seen (rest as given in गरुडपुराणम् ॥ Garuda Purana).  

In Kurma Puranam<ref>Kurma Puranam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Purvabhaga, Adhyaya 1])</ref> the following list is available  

In कूर्मपुराणम् ॥ Kurma Purana<ref>Kurma Puranam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Purvabhaga, Adhyaya 1])</ref> the following list is available  

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+अष्टादश उपपुराणानि

|+अष्टादश उपपुराणानि

|मारीचपुराणम् ॥ Maricha Purana

|मारीचपुराणम् ॥ Maricha Purana

|भार्गवपुराणम् ॥ Bhargava Purana

|भार्गवपुराणम् ॥ Bhargava Purana

|}Many other Upapuranas are also available such as नन्दिपुराणम् ॥ Nandi Puranam,  गाणपत्यम् / मुद्गलम् ॥ Ganapatya / Mudgala, वासिष्ठम् ॥ Vasishta, हंसम् ॥ Hamsa from other different sources and a total of upto 30 Upapuranas are mentioned, though their availability is not known.<ref name=":42222" /> Thus we see from the two lists that the names of a few Puranas are the same in both Puranas and Upapuranas (ex: Skanda purana, Vamana purana)

|}Many other उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas are also available such as नन्दिपुराणम् ॥ Nandi Puranam,  गाणपत्यम् / मुद्गलम् ॥ Ganapatya / Mudgala, वासिष्ठम् ॥ Vasishta, हंसम् ॥ Hamsa from other different sources and a total of upto 30 उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas are mentioned, though their availability is not known.<ref name=":42222" /> Thus, we see from the two lists that the names of a few Puranas are the same in both पुरानानि ॥ Puranas and उपपुराणानि ॥ Upapuranas (ex: स्कन्दपुराणम् ॥ Skanda purana, वामनपुराणम् ॥ Vamana purana)

According to a few scholars, "Bhagavatam" in Puranas refers to Devibhagavatam and not Shrimad Bhagavatam containing the stories of SriKrishna.(Page 174 of Sanskrita Sahitya Charitra<ref name=":42222" />).  

According to a few scholars, "भागवतम् ॥ Bhagavata" in Puranas refers to देविभागवतम् ॥ Devibhagavata and not श्रीमद्भागवतम् ॥ Shrimad Bhagavata containing the stories of श्रीकृष्णः ॥ SriKrishna.(Page 174 of Sanskrita Sahitya Charitra<ref name=":42222" />).  

The Puranas have been influential in the development of Bharateeya samskriti. They are considered Vaidika (congruent with Vedic literature) or pertaining to vedas with easy understanding as mentioned by Shivamahapuranam <ref name=":022" />.  

The पुराणानि ॥ Puranas have been influential in the development of भारतीयसंस्कृतिः ॥ Bharateeya samskriti. They are considered Vaidika (congruent with Vedic literature) or pertaining to vedas with easy understanding as mentioned by शिवमहापुराणम् ॥  Shivamahapurana <ref name=":022" />.  

== संवादः || Discussion ==

== संवादः || Discussion ==

Traditionally the Chaturdasha vidyas consider Puranas, Nyaya, Mimamsa and Dharmashastras as Veda Upangas.<ref name=":02222" /><ref name=":32222" /> However, due to similarity of names a few questions arise here  

Traditionally, the चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas consider पुराणानि ॥ Puranas, न्यायः ॥ Nyaya, मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa and धर्मशास्त्राणि ॥ Dharmashastras as वेद-उपाङ्गानि ॥ Veda Upangas.<ref name=":02222" /><ref name=":32222" /> However, due to similarity of names a few questions arise here  

# Nyaya, Mimamsa shastras are mentioned under the classification of Shad darsanas shastras and as those among the Veda Upangas.  

# Nyaya and Mimamsa shastras are mentioned under the classification of Shad darsanas and as those among the Veda Upangas.  

# Dharma sutras are given in Kalpas (as Vedangas) and Dharmashastras are mentioned as one among the Veda Upangas. What are included in these texts?

# Dharmasutras are given in Kalpas (as Vedangas) and Dharmashastras are mentioned as one among the Veda Upangas.  

Dr. N. Sivasenani of University of Hyderabad, presents a few thoughts about these questions <blockquote>''"Nyaya" should be taken to mean Nyaya-Vaiseshika-Sankhya and Yoga​; and Mimamsa covers both Purva- and Uttara-mimamsas. Why should it be so? Based on the context. Further Puranas includes Mahabharata and Ramayana."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"​In the Vedanga Kalpas, there are four kinds of Sutras - Srauta- (dealing with vedic rites), Grihya- (dealing with 16 samskaaras)-, Dharma- (dealing with secular matters) and Sulba-​ sutras. However, of these Dharmasutras got expanded tremendously. Firstly there are the eighteen Smritis - like Manusmriti, Yajnavalkyasmriti and so on. Note that this enumeration is a Srmiti-work and not a Sutra-work such as Apastambasutras of Kalpas. Then these have further been expanded by huge commentaries. Further, omnibus volumes of "Nibandhas" came into existence which are a compilation of views of various Smritis and other authorities. Then since Nibandhas grew in volume, condensed manuals combining Srauta-, Grihya- and Dharma- sutra elements like Nirnayasindhu and Dharmasindhu came about. So much so that today, Dharmasindhu is usually the first and last reference when a question of Dharma arises (example: when is Sivaratri this year or who are sapindas). Since this part alone grew in volume, it is listed separately under Dharmashastras."''</blockquote>To summarize  

What are included in these texts?

* It can be said that Nyaya and Mimamsa are Upangas (Chaturdasha Vidyas) and Darshana shastras (Shad darsanas) and based on Vedas. The Dharmasutras of Kalpa Vedanga are the Dharmashastras of Upangas are the same texts. <ref name=":12" />   

 

* Dharmasutras given under Kalpa Vedanga, for example : Apasthamba sutras refer mainly to sutra works of dharmas associated with specific srauta yagnika kriyas. These have been hugely expanded into Dharma-shastras (Smritis works), for example :  Manu smriti. These refer to dharmas applicable to man in general society.   

Dr. N. Sivasenani of University of Hyderabad, presents a few thoughts about these questions <blockquote>''"Nyaya" should be taken to mean Nyaya-Vaiseshika-Sankhya and Yoga​; and Mimamsa covers both Purva- and Uttara-mimamsas. Why should it be so? Based on the context. Further, Puranas include Mahabharata and Ramayana."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"​In the Vedanga Kalpas, there are four kinds of Sutras - Shrauta- (dealing with vedic rites), Grhya- (dealing with 16 samskaras)-, Dharma- (dealing with secular matters) and Shulba-​ sutras. However, of these, Dharmasutras got expanded tremendously. Firstly, there are the eighteen Smritis - like Manusmriti, Yajnavalkyasmriti and so on. Note that this enumeration is a Srmiti-work and not a Sutra-work such as Apastambasutras of Kalpas. Then these have further been expanded by huge commentaries. Further, omnibus volumes of "Nibandhas" came into existence which are a compilation of views of various Smritis and other authorities. Then since Nibandhas grew in volume, condensed manuals combining Srauta-, Grihya- and Dharma- sutra elements like Nirnayasindhu and Dharmasindhu came about. So much so that today, Dharmasindhu is usually the first and last reference when a question of Dharma arises (example: when is Sivaratri this year or who are sapindas). Since this part alone grew in volume, it is listed separately under Dharmashastras."''</blockquote>To summarize  

* While in Kalpas, Dharmasutras generally lay down the code of conduct to be followed by a person engaged in vaidika yagna kriyas, Dharmashastras (classified under Upangas) lay down the general moral code of conduct applicable to every human being. Also Dharmasastras include later day texts combining the different parts of Kalpas, codified into condensed versions as in Dharmasindhu and Nirnayasindhu.   

* It can be said that न्यायः ॥ Nyaya and मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa are उपाङ्ग-s || Upangas (चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha Vidyas) and दर्शनशास्त्र-s || Darshana shastras (षड्दर्श-s || Shad darsanas) and based on Vedas. The धर्मसूत्र-s || Dharmasutras of कल्पवेदाङ्गम् ॥ Kalpa Vedanga and the धर्मशास्त्र-s || Dharmashastras of उपाङ्ग-s || Upangas are the same texts. <ref name=":12" />   

*  Mimamsa is divided into Purvamimamsa and Uttaramimamsa. Purva Mimamsa highlights the discriminating and decision making qualities of the Vedas by analysis. Here, Purva Mimamsa is generally what is considered for the term Mimamsa. Uttara Mimamsa is also called as Vedanta, which is classified under the Jnanakanda.

* Dharmasutras given under Kalpa Vedanga, for example : आपस्तम्बसूत्र-s || Apasthamba sutras refer mainly to sutra works of dharmas associated with specific श्रौतयाज्ञिकक्रियाः ॥ srauta yajnika kriyas. These have been hugely expanded into धर्मशास्त्र-s || Dharma-shastras (Smritis works), for example :  मनुस्मृतिः || Manu smriti. These refer to dharmas applicable to man in general society.   

* While in Kalpas, Dharmasutras generally lay down the code of conduct to be followed by a person engaged in vaidika yagna kriyas, Dharmashastras (classified under Upangas) lay down the general moral code of conduct applicable to every human being. Also Dharmasastras include later day texts combining the different parts of Kalpas, codified into condensed versions as in धर्मसिन्धुः ॥ Dharmasindhu and निर्णयसिन्धुः ॥ Nirnayasindhu.   

*  मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa is divided into पूर्वमीमांसा ॥ Purvamimamsa and उत्तरमीमांसा ॥ Uttaramimamsa. पूर्वमीमांसा ॥ Purva Mimamsa highlights the discriminating and decision making qualities of the Vedas by analysis. Here, पूर्वमीमांसा ॥ Purva Mimamsa is generally what is considered for the term मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa. उत्तरमीमांसा ॥ Uttara Mimamsa is also called as वेदान्तः ॥ Vedanta, which is classified under the ज्ञानकाण्डः ॥ Jnanakanda.

==References==

==References==

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