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== परिचयः|| Introduction ==

== परिचयः|| Introduction ==

Transmission of texts in the Vedic period was by oral tradition, preserved with precision with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques. Prodigious energy was expended in ensuring that these texts were transmitted from generation to generation with immaculate integrity, up until a few centuries back, when due to various reasons like foreign invasions and colonization that resulted in the loot and digestion of our knowledge systems and wealth, led to the decline in oral recitation of the Vedas.<ref>Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​</ref>   

Transmission of texts in the Vedic period was by oral tradition, preserved with precision with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques. Prodigious energy was expended in ensuring that these texts were transmitted from generation to generation with immaculate integrity, up until a few centuries back, when due to various reasons like foreign invasions and colonization that resulted in the loot and digestion of our knowledge systems and wealth, led to the decline in oral recitation of the Vedas.<ref name=":2">Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​</ref>   

== वेदपाठपद्धतिः|| Vedapatha Paddhati ==

== वेदपाठपद्धतिः|| Vedapatha Paddhati ==

Chaturdasha vidyas included the study of Vedas, Vedangas, Upavedas, Upangas ([[Vaidika Vangmaya (वैदिकवाङ्मयम्)|Vaidika Vangamaya]]) which was considered as holistic education. This was the goal of Acharyas and Gurus who in earlier days imparted education in Gurukulas.     

Chaturdasha vidyas included the study of Vedas, Vedangas, Upavedas, Upangas ([[Vaidika Vangmaya (वैदिकवाङ्मयम्)|Vaidika Vangamaya]]) which was considered as holistic education. This was the goal of Acharyas and Gurus who in earlier days imparted education in Gurukulas.     

== गुरुकुलम्॥Gurukulas ==

== गुरुकुलानि॥Gurukulas ==

Gurushishya parampara was the main foundation that preserved vedas and Sanatana Dharma since ages. From upanayana or initiation until the age of 20, Brahmacharis study vedas, learning by rote the procedures to conduct yajnas and yagas, collecting the samidhas (thus they learn Plant Sciences), raising and domestication of cattle (they learn Animal Sciences), different ashrama dharmas (they learn Human Sciences) thus living harmoniously with nature. Once they enter the grihastha ashrama they actually perform the yajna karmas. They practice what they studied and by the way of Brahma yajna they further study and teach the vedas that have been handed down to them.     

Gurushishya parampara was the main foundation that preserved vedas and Sanatana Dharma since ages. From upanayana or initiation until the age of 20, Brahmacharis study vedas, learning by rote the procedures to conduct yajnas and yagas, collecting the samidhas (thus they learn Plant Sciences), raising and domestication of cattle (they learn Animal Sciences), different ashrama dharmas (they learn Human Sciences) thus living harmoniously with nature. Once they enter the grihastha ashrama they actually perform the yajna karmas. They practice what they studied and by the way of Brahma yajna they further study and teach the vedas that have been handed down to them.     

These remain now as surnames of people in India.   

These remain now as surnames of people in India.   

== Translation of Vedas ==

== Translation of Vedas ==

Translation in the ancient अर्ष || Arsha tradition as done by authentic Vedic scholars is factual and done without prejudice and with no extraneous motive or for an academic agenda. Vedam is verily the भगवत्वाणी || Bhagavatvani (Words of Brahma) revealed in scientific [[Vedic language (वैदिक भाषा)|Vedic Language]] which is samskrit free from local color and historical acts, therefore Vedic language is to be interpreted and understood according to its own laws and structure, and the only key available for such interpretation is the [[Nirukta|निरुक्तम् || Nirukta]] of Maharshi Yaska and the grammar of Panini & [[Patanjali (पतञ्जलि)|Patanjali]].

Translation in the ancient अर्ष || Arsha tradition as done by authentic Vedic scholars is factual and done without prejudice and with no extraneous motive or for an academic agenda. Vedam is verily the भगवत्वाणी || Bhagavatvani (Words of Brahma) revealed in scientific [[Vedic language (वैदिक भाषा)|Vedic Language]] which is samskrit free from local color and historical acts, therefore Vedic language is to be interpreted and understood according to its own laws and structure, and the only key available for such interpretation is the [[Nirukta|निरुक्तम् || Nirukta]] of Maharshi Yaska and the grammar of Panini & [[Patanjali (पतञ्जलि)|Patanjali]].<ref name=":2" />

A literal translation of the Vedas creates confusions and contradictions as the English language is insufficient to express the deep inner meaning embedded in Vedas. A good commentator, should be adept in languages, carefully choose words, and explain with derivatives to analyse the hidden nuances of meaning within their context but not always can it be understood by the reader.

A literal translation of the Vedas creates confusions and contradictions as the English language is insufficient to express the deep inner meaning embedded in Vedas. A good commentator, should be adept in languages, carefully choose words, and explain with derivatives to analyse the hidden nuances of meaning within their context but not always can it be understood by the reader.

For example, the literal meaning of the verse,<blockquote>सुमित्रिय न आप ओषधयः सन्तु || (Yaju. Veda. 36.23)</blockquote>Meaning : May the waters, vital forces of  life, and herbs be friendly to us and may they be enemies to those who hate us and whom we hate.

For example, the literal meaning of the verse,<blockquote>सुमित्रिया न ऽ आप ऽ ओषधयः सन्तु दुर्मित्रियास् तस्मै सन्तु यो ऽस्मान् द्वेष्टि यं च वयं द्विष्मः ॥  (Shukla. Yaju. Veda. 36.23)<ref name=":3">Shukla Yajurveda ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AC Adhyaya 36])</ref></blockquote>Meaning : May the waters, vital forces of  life, and herbs be friendly to us and may they be enemies to those who hate us and whom we hate.

The literal meaning is incomprehensible and meaningless. The contextual meaning of this mantra is:

The literal meaning is incomprehensible and meaningless. The contextual meaning of this mantra is:

"May waters, tonics, pranic energies and medicinal herbs be good friends of our health system and immunity and let the same waters, tonics, pranic energies herbal medicines act against those ailments, diseases and negativities which injure us, which we hate to suffer and which we love to destroy, moreover let them have no side effects because side effects too help the negativities and injure us".

"May waters, tonics, pranic energies and medicinal herbs be good friends of our health system and immunity and let the same waters, tonics, pranic energies herbal medicines act against those ailments, diseases and negativities which injure us, which we hate to suffer and which we love to destroy, moreover let them have no side effects because side effects too help the negativities and injure us".

It becomes a powerful prayer for the well-being of an advanced society, and very logically the next Mantra expounds a prayer for a full hundred years and more of life and health.<blockquote>तच्चक्षुर्देवहितम् पुरुस्तत् ||" (Yaju. Veda. 36.24)</blockquote>

It becomes a powerful prayer for the well-being of an advanced society, and very logically the next Mantra expounds a prayer for a full hundred years and more of life and health.<blockquote>तच् चक्षुर् देवहितं पुरस्ताच् छुक्रम् उच् चरत् । पश्येम शरदः शतं जीवेम शरदः शतम्  (Shukla. Yaju. Veda. 36.24)<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>

== नव्य वेदाध्ययन विधानम्|| Modern Vedic Education ==

 

== नव्यवेदाध्ययनविधानम्|| Modern Vedic Education ==

The Vedas were likely written down for the first time around 500 BC.  However, all printed editions of the Vedas that survive in the modern times are likely the version existing in about the 16th century AD.   

The Vedas were likely written down for the first time around 500 BC.  However, all printed editions of the Vedas that survive in the modern times are likely the version existing in about the 16th century AD.