Changes

=== Shakas ===

=== Shakas ===

Only one Shaka (school or recension) of the Rigveda is available today called as  '''शाकला ||''' '''Shakala.'''<ref name=":0223222" /><ref name=":123222" />

Only one Shaka (school or recension) of the Rigveda is available today

* '''शाकला || Shakala'''<ref name=":0223222" /><ref name=":123222" />

According to Sarvanukramani vritti, Ahirbudhnyasamhita, Muktikopanishad and Pathanjali's Mahabhashyam, and recently many scholars opined that Rigveda had 21 shakas.   

According to Sarvanukramani vritti, Ahirbudhnyasamhita, Muktikopanishad and Pathanjali's Mahabhashyam, and recently many scholars opined that Rigveda had 21 shakas.   

However, according to Pt. Satyavrat Samashrami<ref name=":0223222" />, Rig veda has only 2 ancient shakas namely, '''शाकला || Shakala''' and '''माण्डूकेया || Mandukeya'''. These two shakas became 21 shakas gradually. Shakalacharya taught this veda to 5 of his disciples and gradually in their pronunciation there were differences bringing about 5 different versions of the Veda, which according to the text Vikruti Kaumudi is as follows  <blockquote>शाकल्यसेय शतं शिष्या नैष्ठिकब्रह्मचारिणः | पञ्च तेषां गृहस्थास्ते धर्मनिष्ठाश्च कुटुम्बिनः ||</blockquote><blockquote>शिशिरो वाष्कलो सांख्यो वात्स्यश्चैवाश्वलायनः | पञ्चैते शाकलाः शिष्याः शाखाभेदप्रवर्त्तकाः ||</blockquote>Meaning : Shakala had 100 students who were brahmacharis. Of them 5 who were having dharmanistha, and were grihasthas bearing the responsibility of maintaining a family. शिशिरः || Shishira, वाष्कलः || Vashkala (Bashkala) सांख्यः || Samkhya वात्स्यः || Vatsya and अवाश्वलायनः || Asvalayana were the five disciples who were the pravartakas of the different shakas.<ref name=":0223222" /> Asvalaayana-Samhita was available as lately as 17th century but is presently unavailable. Sankhyayana samhita is not available but its Brahmanas and Aranyakas are available. Some scholars opine that Sankhyayana and Kaushitaki shakas are one and the same.<ref name=":223222" />

However, according to Pt. Satyavrat Samashrami<ref name=":0223222" />, Rig veda has only 2 ancient shakas namely, शाकला || Shakala and माण्डूकेया || Mandukeya. These two shakas became 21 shakas gradually. Shakalacharya taught this veda to 5 of his disciples and gradually in their pronunciation there were differences bringing about 5 different versions of the Veda, which according to the text Vikruti Kaumudi is as follows  <blockquote>शाकल्यसेय शतं शिष्या नैष्ठिकब्रह्मचारिणः | पञ्च तेषां गृहस्थास्ते धर्मनिष्ठाश्च कुटुम्बिनः ||</blockquote><blockquote>शिशिरो वाष्कलो सांख्यो वात्स्यश्चैवाश्वलायनः | पञ्चैते शाकलाः शिष्याः शाखाभेदप्रवर्त्तकाः ||</blockquote>Meaning : Shakala had 100 students who were brahmacharis. Of them 5 who were having dharmanistha, and were grihasthas bearing the responsibility of maintaining a family. शिशिरः || Shishira, वाष्कलः || Vashkala (Bashkala) सांख्यः || Samkhya वात्स्यः || Vatsya and अवाश्वलायनः || Asvalayana were the five disciples who were the pravartakas of the different shakas.<ref name=":0223222" /> Asvalaayana-Samhita was available as lately as 17th century but is presently unavailable. Sankhyayana samhita is not available but its Brahmanas and Aranyakas are available. Some scholars opine that Sankhyayana and Kaushitaki shakas are one and the same.<ref name=":223222" />

=== Devatas, Chandas and Rtvik ===

=== Devatas, Chandas and Rtvik ===

Many scholars view the classification into two major groups or शाखा || Shakhas<ref name=":0223222" /><ref>Yajurveda Introduction by [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/yajurveda/ Vedic Heritage Portal]</ref> :   

Many scholars view the classification into two major groups or शाखा || Shakhas<ref name=":0223222" /><ref>Yajurveda Introduction by [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/yajurveda/ Vedic Heritage Portal]</ref> :   

* Krishna Yajurveda   

* '''Krishna Yajurveda'''  

* Shukla Yajurveda  

* '''Shukla Yajurveda'''

Today a vast majority of people follow the Yajurveda. Krishna Yajurveda is common in the South of India and Shukla Yajurveda in the North.

Today a vast majority of people follow the Yajurveda. Krishna Yajurveda is common in the South of India and Shukla Yajurveda in the North.

Texts of the four major shakas that have survived are<ref name=":122" />   

Texts of the four major shakas that have survived are<ref name=":122" />   

# मैत्रायणी || Maitrayani  

# '''मैत्रायणी || Maitrayani'''

# कठ/काठक || Katha or Kathaka  

# '''कठ/काठक || Katha or Kathaka'''

# कपिष्ठलकठ || Kapisthala-Katha  

# '''कपिष्ठलकठ || Kapisthala-Katha'''

# तैत्तिरीय || Taittiriya  

# '''तैत्तिरीय || Taittiriya'''

==== Brahmanas Aranyakas and Upanishads ====

==== Brahmanas Aranyakas and Upanishads ====

Texts of only two major shakas have survived   

Texts of only two major shakas have survived   

# Madhyandina  

# '''Madhyandina'''

# Kanva  

# '''Kanva'''

==== Brahmanas Aranyakas and Upanishads ====

==== Brahmanas Aranyakas and Upanishads ====

Presently only three shakas are available.

Presently only three shakas are available.

* कौथुम || Kauthuma

# '''कौथुम || Kauthuma'''

* राणायनीय || Ranayaneeya

# '''राणायनीय || Ranayaneeya'''

* जैमिनीय || Jaimini

# '''जैमिनीय || Jaimini'''

Kauthuma is the widely followed shaka, mainly by Nagara brahmins of Gujarat, while Ranayaneeya is seen among the people of Maharashtra and Jaimineeya shaka is seen in Tamilnadu.  

Kauthuma is the widely followed shaka, mainly by Nagara brahmins of Gujarat, while Ranayaneeya is seen among the people of Maharashtra and Jaimineeya shaka is seen in Tamilnadu.  

=== Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads ===

=== Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads ===

Affiliated to this Samhita are-  

Affiliated to this Samhita are-  

# Tandya Maha Brahmana, the biggest and most important.  

# Tandya Maha Brahmana, the biggest and most important of 9 Brahmanas namely .  

# One Aranyaka of this Samhita is available which is called Talavakara or Jaiminiya Aranyaka.  

# One Aranyaka of this Samhita is available which is called Talavakara or Jaiminiya Aranyaka.  

# Chandogya Upanishad and the Kenopanishad, also known as Talavakaropanishad.  

# Chandogya Upanishad and the Kenopanishad, also known as Talavakaropanishad.