Changes

!<nowiki>| Brahmanas      ►</nowiki>

!<nowiki>| Brahmanas      ►</nowiki>

!<nowiki>| Kandikas      </nowiki>

!<nowiki>| Kandikas      </nowiki>

|}Madhyandina Shaka : 40 Adhyayas and 1975 mantras, 90525 aksharas.<ref name=":0">Topic : Yajus samhita from ''Vaidika Vangmayasya itihasa bharatiya samskriti cha, Volume: Vedaparichaya'' by Rastriya Samskrit Samsthan. </ref>  

|}

 

* Madhyandina Shaka : 40 Adhyayas and 1975 mantras, 90525 aksharas.<ref name=":0">Topic : Yajus samhita from ''Vaidika Vangmayasya itihasa bharatiya samskriti cha, Volume: Vedaparichaya'' by Rastriya Samskrit Samsthan. </ref>

Kanva Shaka : 40 Adhyayas and 2086 mantras.<ref name=":0" />  

* Kanva Shaka : 40 Adhyayas and 2086 mantras.<ref name=":0" />  

The divisions of the texts for Krishna Yajurveda have different arrangements. Following are the textual divisions in Taittriya shaka which is representative of Krishna Yajurveda.<ref name=":0" />  

The divisions of the texts for Krishna Yajurveda have different arrangements. Following are the textual divisions in Taittriya shaka which is representative of Krishna Yajurveda.<ref name=":0" />  

!<nowiki>| Anuvakas      ►</nowiki>

!<nowiki>| Anuvakas      ►</nowiki>

!<nowiki>| Mantras or Kandikas      </nowiki>

!<nowiki>| Mantras or Kandikas      </nowiki>

|}In some southern Indian parts where this shaka is widely followed there are other terms such as Panasa and Prashna (ex: Rudrasya prasha) which are in usage.  

|}In some southern Indian parts where this shaka is widely followed there are other terms such as Panasa and Prashna (ex: Rudrasya prasha) which are in usage. Saraswat and Arsheya system of classification is also seen for Krishna Yajurveda.  

 

* Taittriya Shaka - 7 kandas, 44 Prapathakas, 651 Anuvakas (631 according to Page 9 of Reference<ref name=":132" /> ), 2198 Kandikas are present.<ref name=":0" />

Taittriya Shaka - 7 kandas, 44 Prapathakas, 651 Anuvakas (631 according to Page 9 of Reference<ref name=":132" /> ), 2198 Kandikas are present.<ref name=":0" />  

* Maitrayani Shaka - 4 kandas, 11 Prapatakas, 3144 mantras.<ref name=":0" />

 

* Kathasamhita - 40 Adhyayas, 843 Anuvakas, 3091 mantras.<ref name=":0" />

Maitrayani Shaka - 4 kandas, 11 Prapatakas, 3144 mantras.<ref name=":0" />  

* Kapisthalakatha - 6 Astakas, 48 Adhyayas.<ref name=":0" />  

 

Kathasamhita - 40 Adhyayas, 843 Anuvakas, 3091 mantras.<ref name=":0" />  

 

Kapisthalakatha - 6 Astakas, 48 Adhyayas.<ref name=":0" />  

Thus as seen above different classification systems are seen for every shaka.  

Thus as seen above different classification systems are seen for every shaka.  

This samhita is said to have contained 85 Shakhas but only four of them are available now, out of which the Taittiriya Samhita is widely studied and followed especially in South India  and other three Shakhas are not so well known.<ref name=":2232" />   

This samhita is said to have contained 85 Shakhas but only four of them are available now, out of which the Taittiriya Samhita is widely studied and followed especially in South India  and other three Shakhas are not so well known.<ref name=":2232" />   

Texts of the four major shakas that have survived are   

Texts of the four major shakas that have survived are<ref name=":1" />  

# मैत्रायणी || Maitrayani  

# मैत्रायणी || Maitrayani  

# कठ/काठक || Katha or Kathaka  

# कठ/काठक || Katha or Kathaka  

3. Brhadaraanyokopanishad and Isavasyopanishad.

3. Brhadaraanyokopanishad and Isavasyopanishad.

==== कृष्णशुक्ल-यजुर्वेदयोः भेदः ====

==== कृष्णशुक्ल-यजुर्वेदयोः भेदः ====

Following are few differences between Krishna and Shukla Yajurveda presented by Pt. Rishiram Regmi.<ref>Regmi, Sri Rishiramji. Article : [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/ved_vedang_gp_15/#book/ ''Yajurved ka Sankshipth Parichay''] available in Vedic Heritage Portal.</ref>

Following are few differences between Krishna and Shukla Yajurveda presented by Pt. Rishiram Regmi.<ref name=":1">Regmi, Sri Rishiramji. Article : [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/ved_vedang_gp_15/#book/ ''Yajurved ka Sankshipth Parichay''] available in Vedic Heritage Portal.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!S. No

!S. No

|Given by Rishi Vaisampayana

|Given by Rishi Vaisampayana

|Given by Rishi Yajnavalkya

|Given by Rishi Yajnavalkya

|}Krishna Yajurveda is considered older than the Shukla Yajurveda.

|}

=== Devatas, Chandas and Rtvik ===

=== Devatas, Chandas and Rtvik ===

The devatas are the same as in Rig veda because a majority of mantras in Yajurveda are taken from there. The Yajurvedic procedural details are recited and conducted by [[Adhvaryu|'''अध्वर्यु || Adhvaryu''']] priest for the proper performance of Yajnas. In Shukla Yajurveda, the mantras have the same chandas as in Rig veda from where they have been   

The devatas are the same as in Rig veda because a majority of mantras in Yajurveda are taken from there. The Yajurvedic procedural details are recited and conducted by [[Adhvaryu|'''अध्वर्यु || Adhvaryu''']] priest for the proper performance of Yajnas. In Shukla Yajurveda, the mantras have the same chandas as in Rig veda from where they have been   

=== विषयविभागम् Content ===

=== विषयविभागम् Content ===

Whether Krishna or Shukla, both the shakas of Yajurveda deal primarily with the karmakanda and are also called yajnakanda<ref name=":0" />. All the shaka texts deal with detailed descriptions of Srauta yajnas like Rajasuya, Vajapeya, Somayaga etc.

Whether Krishna or Shukla, both the shakas of Yajurveda deal primarily with the karmakanda and are also called yajnakanda<ref name=":0" />. All the shaka texts deal with detailed descriptions of Srauta yajnas like Rajasuya, Vajapeya, Somayaga etc. Krishna Yajurveda is considered older than the Shukla Yajurveda.

For example in Madhyandina samhita, the yajna kriyas for Darshapurnamasa, Agnihotra, Chaturmasya, Agnistoma, Nirudhapasubandha, Chayanayaga, Sautramani, Asvamedha, Vajapeya, Rajasuya etc among other yajnas and istis are present. The 40th Adhyaya is the Isavasyopanishad; this is the only instance where an Upanishad is associated with the Samhita.

For example in Madhyandina samhita, the yajna kriyas for Darshapurnamasa, Agnihotra, Chaturmasya, Agnistoma, Nirudhapasubandha, Chayanayaga, Sautramani, Asvamedha, Vajapeya, Rajasuya etc among other yajnas and istis are present. The 40th Adhyaya is the Isavasyopanishad; this is the only instance where an Upanishad is associated with the Samhita.

It may be noted that while in Rigveda the text is organized according to rishis as mantra drastas, but here the rishis are given according to the yajnas.  

It may be noted that while in Rigveda the text is organized according to rishis as mantra drastas, in Yajurveda the rishis are given according to the yajnas. It is a compilation of ritual offering formulas that were said by a priest while an yajamana performed ritual actions such as those before the yajna fire. Yajurveda samhita includes mantras that are distinct yet borrow and build upon the foundation of verses in Rigveda. Unlike the Samaveda which is almost entirely based on Rigveda mantras and structured as songs, the Yajurveda samhitas are in prose and linguistically, they are different from other Vedic texts. Yajurveda text is not just related to rituals or sacrifice, it includes the largest collection of primary Upanishads, influential to various schools of Hindu philosophy.

 

 

 

According to Jaimini (Shabdakalpadruma) Mantras which are to be sung are called as Sama.  

It is a compilation of ritual offering formulas that were said by a priest while an yajamana performed ritual actions such as those before the yajna fire. The earliest and most ancient layer of Yajurveda samhita includes mantras that are distinct yet borrow and build upon the foundation of verses in Rigveda.

According to Brhadaranyaka Upanishad (1.3.22) Sama is derived as follows

Unlike the Samaveda which is almost entirely based on Rigveda mantras and structured as songs, the Yajurveda samhitas are in prose and linguistically, they are different from other Vedic texts.  

सा चामश्चेति तत्साम्नः सामत्वम् । <ref>Samaveda as per Brhadaranyaka Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_1a Adhyaya 1])</ref>

Yajurveda text is not just related to rituals or sacrifice, it includes the largest collection of primary Upanishads, influential to various schools of Hindu philosophy.

Meaning : सा stands for Rk mantra and अम stands for Gana and forms Sama when combined.<ref name=":2">Adhikari, Shriram Topic : ''[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/pdf/ved_vedang_gp_16.pdf Samaved ka parichay evam vaisishtya]'' from Vedic Heritage Portal </ref>

=== Famous Mantras ===

=== Samaveda Vibhajana ===

Samaveda Samhita is the shortest of all the vedas given to the world by Jaimini.<ref name=":2" />  It is closely connected with Rigveda.  

==  सामवेद || Saamaveda ==

{| class="wikitable"

Samaveda Samhita is the highly commended scripture of Hinduism. However it is not considered as an independent work. All the mantras of the Rig Veda which are useful to [[Udgatri|'''उद्गात्रि''' || '''Udgaatri''']] priest for chanting in the Yajnas to ensure the grace of the Gods have been brought together in this Veda. The Samaveda Samhita consists of 1549 stanzas, taken almost entirely (except for 75 mantras) from the Rigveda. Just like Rigveda, the early sections of Samaveda typically begin with Agni and Indra hymns but shift to abstract, and their meters too shifts in a descending order. The later sections of the Samaveda have least deviation from substance of hymns they derive from the Rigveda into songs

|}

 

The Samaveda Samhita consists of 1549 stanzas, taken almost entirely (except for 75 mantras) from the Rigveda. Just like Rigveda, the early sections of Samaveda typically begin with Agni and Indra hymns but shift to abstract, and their meters too shifts in a descending order. The later sections of the Samaveda have least deviation from substance of hymns they derive from the Rigveda into songs

 

The Samaveda samhita comprises two major parts. The first part include four melody collections (gāna, गान) and the second part three verse books (ārcika, आर्चिक). A melody in the song books corresponds to a verse in the arcika books. ‘SA’ means a mantra of the Rig Veda, ‘AMA’ means musical notes. Hence a Saman is a mantra of the Rig Veda set to music. The word साम || Saama also means that which brings peace to the mind. Although this Veda is said to have 1000 Shakhas only three are available now.

Although this Veda is said to have 1000 Shakhas only three are available now.

Unlike the mantras of the other three Vedas, the mantras of Samaveda are simply known as Saman having seven svaras or musical scales. Therefore, Saama Gana or singing of hymns as per the rules of Sama Veda is said to be the basis and source of the seven svaras or notes fundamental to the Indian music systems.

Unlike the mantras of the other three Vedas, the mantras of Samaveda are simply known as Saman having seven svaras or musical scales. Therefore, Saama Gana or singing of hymns as per the rules of Sama Veda is said to be the basis and source of the seven svaras or notes fundamental to the Indian music systems.

# Only one Aranyaka of this Samhita is available which is called Talavakara or Jaiminiya Aranyaka.  

# Only one Aranyaka of this Samhita is available which is called Talavakara or Jaiminiya Aranyaka.  

# Chandogya Upanishad and the Kenopanishad, also known as Talavakaropanishad.  

# Chandogya Upanishad and the Kenopanishad, also known as Talavakaropanishad.  

==  अथर्वण || Atharvana or अथर्व वेद || Atharva veda ==

==  अथर्वण || Atharvana or अथर्व वेद || Atharva veda ==

The Artharvaveda Samhita is the text 'belonging to the अथर्वण || Atharvan and [[Angirasa (अङ्गिरसः)|अङ्गिरस || Angirasa]] poets. It has about 760 hymns, and about 160 of the hymns are in common with the Rigveda. Most of the verses are metrical, but some sections are in prose.  This is also called Brahma Veda because it is assigned to the '''[[Brahma (ब्रह्मा)|ब्रह्मा || Brahma]]''' priest who supervises the conduct of the Yajnas. The mantras in this Veda are both in prose and verse forms.

The Artharvaveda Samhita is the text 'belonging to the अथर्वण || Atharvan and [[Angirasa (अङ्गिरसः)|अङ्गिरस || Angirasa]] poets. It has about 760 hymns, and about 160 of the hymns are in common with the Rigveda. Most of the verses are metrical, but some sections are in prose.  This is also called Brahma Veda because it is assigned to the '''[[Brahma (ब्रह्मा)|ब्रह्मा || Brahma]]''' priest who supervises the conduct of the Yajnas. The mantras in this Veda are both in prose and verse forms.