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# परिशिष्टम् || Parishistas

# परिशिष्टम् || Parishistas

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas ==

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas ==

चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. Attaining proficiency in them is said to be vidya or education in ancient days. These include learning the Chaturvedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvanaveda), Shadvedangas (Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotish), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastra) of Vedas.<ref name=":0">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

 

 

 

 

 

 

चतुर्दशविद्याः ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. Attaining proficiency in them is said to be vidya or education in ancient days. These include learning the Chaturvedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvanaveda), Shad(ved)angas (Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotish), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastra) of Vedas.<ref name=":0">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool). And with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called [[Shad Vedaangas (षड् वेदाङ्ग)|Vedangas]].<blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chandasāṃ cayaḥ । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ caiva vedāṅgāni ṣaḍeva tu ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool). And with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called [[Shad Vedaangas (षड् वेदाङ्ग)|Vedangas]].<blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chandasāṃ cayaḥ । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ caiva vedāṅgāni ṣaḍeva tu ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥  </blockquote><blockquote>chandaḥ pādau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha ucyate । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ cakṣurniruktaṃ śrotramucyate ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā ghrāṇaṃ tu vedasya mukhaṃ vyākaraṇaṃ smṛtam । tasmāt sāṅgamadhītyaiva brahmaloke mahīyate ॥</blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥  </blockquote><blockquote>chandaḥ pādau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha ucyate । jyotiṣāmayanaṃ cakṣurniruktaṃ śrotramucyate ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>śikṣā ghrāṇaṃ tu vedasya mukhaṃ vyākaraṇaṃ smṛtam । tasmāt sāṅgamadhītyaiva brahmaloke mahīyate ॥</blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

'''Puranas, Mimamsa, Nyaya and Dharma shastras''' are included in Upangas of Vedas<ref name=":0" />.   

'''Puranas, Mimamsa, Nyaya and Dharma shastras''' are included in Upangas of Vedas<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Swamiji, (1907 to 1994) ''[http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part5/chap5.htm Hindu Dharma (Collection of Swamiji's Speeches)],'' Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham </ref>.   

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of philosophy. According to some scholars,<ref>Introduction about [http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/table_qualities.htm Upangas] (Maharshi Vedic University)</ref> the Shad-darshanas may be classified as Upangas of Vedas. However, traditionally the Chaturdasha vidyas consider the above given shastras as Veda Upangas.{{Citation needed}}  

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of philosophy. According to some scholars,<ref>Introduction about [http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/table_qualities.htm Upangas] (Maharshi Vedic University)</ref> the Shad-darshanas may be classified as Upangas of Vedas. However, traditionally the Chaturdasha vidyas consider the above given shastras as Veda Upangas.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />  

Here, Puranas are dealt under an independent heading, it is to be noted that Dharma, Nyaya and Mimamsa are categorized and studied under other headings. {{Citation needed}} 

It is to be noted that Dharma, Nyayashastra and Mimamsa are categorized and studied under the following headings.  

* The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, expounded the Dharma-sutras (vaidika kriyas), which later expanded into Dharma-shastras (smritis). While Kalpa Dharmasutras generally lay down the code of conduct of a person during procedures related to vaidika yagna kriyas, Dharmasastras (classified under Upangas) lay down the general moral code of conduct applicable for every human being. Dharmashastras are also mentioned as Smritis, for ex: Manu Smriti, on which the present day Bharatiya judicial system is founded on.   

* The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, expounded the Dharma-sutras (vaidika kriyas), which later expanded into Dharma-shastras (smritis). While Kalpa Dharmasutras generally lay down the code of conduct of a person during procedures related to vaidika yagna kriyas, Dharmasastras (classified under Upangas) lay down the general moral code of conduct applicable for every human being. Dharmashastras are also mentioned as Smritis, for ex: Manu Smriti, on which the present day Bharatiya judicial system is founded on.   

* The Nyaya shastra given by Gautama rishi is also studied as part of the Shad-darshanas. Nyaya shastra is the science of logic, also called as हेतुविद्या ॥ Hetu-vidya.   

* The Nyaya shastra given by Gautama rishi is also studied as part of the Shad-darshanas. Nyaya shastra is the science of logic, also called as हेतुविद्या ॥ Hetu-vidya.