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Vyakarana is divided into प्राचीनव्याकरणम् || Pracheena vyakarana and नव्यव्याकरणम् || navya vyakarana.  Later age grammarians recognize the eight व्याकरणशास्त्रप्रवर्तकाः || vyakarana shastra pravartakas as follows<blockquote>इन्द्रश्चन्द्रः काशकृत्स्नापिशली शाकटायनः  । पाणिन्यमरजैनेन्द्राः जयन्त्यष्टौ च शाब्दिकाः ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>indraścandraḥ kāśakṛtsnāpiśalī śākaṭāyanaḥ । pāṇinyamarajainendrāḥ jayantyaṣṭau ca śābdikāḥ ॥</blockquote>इन्द्रः || Indra, चन्द्रः || Chandra, काशः || Kasha, कृत्स्नापिशली || kritsnapishali, शाकटायनः || shakatayana, पाणिनिः || panini, अमरजैनेन्द्रः || arajainendra, जयन्तिः || jayanti are the eight preachers of शब्दः || shabda (word) or grammar.

Vyakarana is divided into प्राचीनव्याकरणम् || Pracheena vyakarana and नव्यव्याकरणम् || navya vyakarana.  Later age grammarians recognize the eight व्याकरणशास्त्रप्रवर्तकाः || vyakarana shastra pravartakas as follows<blockquote>इन्द्रश्चन्द्रः काशकृत्स्नापिशली शाकटायनः  । पाणिन्यमरजैनेन्द्राः जयन्त्यष्टौ च शाब्दिकाः ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>indraścandraḥ kāśakṛtsnāpiśalī śākaṭāyanaḥ । pāṇinyamarajainendrāḥ jayantyaṣṭau ca śābdikāḥ ॥</blockquote>इन्द्रः || Indra, चन्द्रः || Chandra, काशः || Kasha, कृत्स्नापिशली || kritsnapishali, शाकटायनः || shakatayana, पाणिनिः || panini, अमरजैनेन्द्रः || arajainendra, जयन्तिः || jayanti are the eight preachers of शब्दः || shabda (word) or grammar.

=== निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta ===

=== निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta ===

महर्षि यास्क || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्तम् || Nirukta is another treasure that has been produced in भारतवर्षः || Bharatavarsha and given to the world. It is an excellent treatise that deals with etymology or the objective definition of words. Nirukta is written in prose form while all other shastras are built in the सूत्र || sutra format. सायणाचार्य || [[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanacharya]] while giving the preface of ऋग्वेदभाष्यम् || Rigveda Bhashya speaks thus about Nirukta :  <blockquote>अर्थावबोधे निरपेक्षतया पदजातं यत्रोक्तं तन्निरुक्तम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>arthāvabodhe nirapekṣatayā padajātaṃ yatroktaṃ tanniruktam ।</blockquote>When other वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas extol the material aspects or तत्त्वाः || tattvas of Vedas, Nirukta propounds the supernatural or the uncommon aspects or tattvas of the Vedas.   

महर्षि यास्क || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्तम् || Nirukta is another treasure that has been produced in भारतवर्षः || Bharatavarsha and given to the world. It is an excellent treatise that deals with etymology or the objective definition of words. Nirukta is written in prose form while all other shastras are built in the सूत्र || sutra format. सायणाचार्य || [[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanacharya]] while giving the preface of ऋग्वेदभाष्यम् || Rigveda Bhashya speaks thus about Nirukta :  <blockquote>अर्थावबोधे निरपेक्षतया पदजातं यत्रोक्तं तन्निरुक्तम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>arthāvabodhe nirapekṣatayā padajātaṃ yatroktaṃ tanniruktam ।</blockquote>When other वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas extol the तत्त्वानि || tattvas (material aspects) of Vedas, Nirukta propounds the supernatural or the uncommon aspects or tattvas of the Vedas.   

यास्काचार्यः || Yaskacharya has accepted 4 जाति-s || Jatis types called भेदचतुष्टयम् || Bhedachatushtaya (for words) :     

यास्काचार्यः || Yaskacharya has accepted 4 जाति-s || Jatis types called भेदचतुष्टयम् || Bhedachatushtaya (for words) :     

# '''नामजातिः || Nama Jati :'''  सत्वप्रधानं || Satva pradhanam - Significance attributed to existence of a thing as in घट ॥ Ghata (pot), धनम् ॥ Dhana (Money)   

# '''नामजातिः || Nama Jati :'''  सत्वप्रधानम् || Satva pradhana - Significance attributed to existence of a thing as in घट ॥ Ghata (pot), धनम् ॥ Dhana (Money)   

# '''आख्यतजातिः || Akhyata Jati :''' भाव प्रधानं || Bhava pradhanam - Significance attributed to क्रिया ॥ kriya (action) as in पठति ॥ pathati (Read), करोति ॥ karoti (Do).   

# '''आख्यतजातिः || Akhyata Jati :''' भावप्रधानम् || Bhava pradhana - Significance attributed to क्रिया ॥ kriya (action) as in पठति ॥ pathati (Read), करोति ॥ karoti (Do).   

# '''उपसर्गजातिः || Upasarga Jati :'''  नानाविधा विशेष अर्थ प्रधानं || Nanavidha vishesha artha pradhana - Significance attributed to a special meaning of one word as in आहारः || Ahara, सम्हारः || samhara, विहारः || vihara   

# '''उपसर्गजातिः || Upasarga Jati :'''  नानाविधविशेष-अर्थप्रधानम् || Nanavidha vishesha artha pradhana - Significance attributed to a special meaning of one word as in आहारः || Ahara, सम्हारः || samhara, विहारः || vihara   

# '''निपातजातिः || Nipata Jaati :''' उपमार्थे पदपूरणार्थम् || Upamarthe pada puranartha - Significance of comparison and for appropriate chandas as in एव ॥ eva, न ॥ na, च ॥ cha.       

# '''निपातजातिः || Nipata Jaati :''' उपमार्थे पदपूरणार्थम् || Upamarthe pada puranartha - Significance of comparison and for appropriate chandas as in एव ॥ eva, न ॥ na, च ॥ cha.       

Without the existence of Nirukta, understanding the Vedic terminology is extremely difficult. Yaskacharya in his preface to Nirukta says,    <blockquote>समाम्नायः समाम्नातः स व्याख्यातव्यः । इदमन्तरेण मन्त्रेष्वर्थप्रत्ययो न विद्यते इति ।</blockquote><blockquote>samāmnāyaḥ samāmnātaḥ sa vyākhyātavyaḥ । idamantareṇa mantreṣvarthapratyayo na vidyate iti ।</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : Collection of the texts handed down by tradition are to be commented upon. Without this reference (nirukta), the meaning of mantras cannot be obtained.</blockquote>Thus, it can be inferred that Nirukta determines the meanings of various वैदिकमन्त्राः || vaidika mantras and comments on them. Knowledge about the various divine beings is given by Nirukta. Hence, its use in various यज्ञकर्म-s || yajna karmas is indispensable. Thus, only Nirukta experts can understand the different characteristics or identifying marks of various devatas praised in vedas.     

Without the existence of Nirukta, understanding the Vedic terminology is extremely difficult. Yaskacharya in his preface to Nirukta says,    <blockquote>समाम्नायः समाम्नातः स व्याख्यातव्यः । इदमन्तरेण मन्त्रेष्वर्थप्रत्ययो न विद्यते इति ।</blockquote><blockquote>samāmnāyaḥ samāmnātaḥ sa vyākhyātavyaḥ । idamantareṇa mantreṣvarthapratyayo na vidyate iti ।</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : Collection of the texts handed down by tradition are to be commented upon. Without this reference (nirukta), the meaning of mantras cannot be obtained.</blockquote>Thus, it can be inferred that Nirukta determines the meanings of various वैदिकमन्त्राः || vaidika mantras and comments on them. Knowledge about the various divine beings is given by Nirukta. Hence, its use in various यज्ञकर्म-s || yajna karmas is indispensable. Thus, only Nirukta experts can understand the different characteristics or identifying marks of various devatas praised in vedas.