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'''Bhashya''' (Sanskrit: भाष्य) is a "commentary" or "exposition" of any primary or secondary text in ancient or medieval Indian literature.<ref name=mmwbhashya/> Common in [[Sanskrit]] literature, ''Bhasya'' is also found in other Indian languages. Bhashya are found in various fields, ranging from the Upanishads to the Sutras of Hindu schools of philosophy, from ancient medicine to music.<ref name=richa17>Richa Vishwakarma and Pradip Kumar Goswami (2013), ''A review through Charaka Uttara-Tantra'', International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda, Volume 34, Issue 1, pages 17–20</ref><ref>Karin Preisendanz (2005), The Production of Philosophical Literature in South Asia during the Pre-Colonial Period (15th to 18th Centuries): The Case of the Nyāyasūtra Commentarial Tradition, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Volume 33, pages 55–94</ref><ref>PV Kane (2015 Reprint), History of Sanskrit Poetics, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120802742}}, page 29</ref>
The Indian tradition typically followed certain guidelines in preparing a Bhasya. These commentaries give meaning of words, particularly when they are about condensed aphoristic Sutras, supplementing the interpreted meaning with additional information on the subjects.<ref name=richa17/> A traditional Bhasya would, like modern scholarship, name the earlier texts (cite) and often include quotes from previous authors.<ref>Elisa Freschi (2012), Proposals for the Study of Quotations in Indian Philosophical Texts, Religions of South Asia, Vol 6, No 2, pages 161, also 161-189</ref> The author of the Bhasya would also provide verification, acceptance or rejection of the text as interpreted, with reasons, and usually include a conclusion.<ref name=richa17/> The title of a commentary work sometimes has the title of the text commented on, with the suffix "-Bhashya".<ref>GC Pande (2011), Life and Thought of Śaṅkarācārya, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120811041}}, pages 93-107</ref>
Among the earliest known ''Bhashya'' are included the Maha-bhashya of Patanjali from the 2nd century BCE,<ref>A Datta (2009), Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Volume 2, Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-8126023844}}, page 1338</ref> and ''Sabara Bhashya'' of the [[Mimamsa]] school of Hinduism, dated to have been likely composed between 100 BCE to 200 CE, but no later than the 5th century.<ref>Othmar Gächter (1990), Hermeneutics and Language in Purva Mimamsa: A Study in Sabara Bhasya, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120806924}}, page 9</ref> An example of Buddhist literature Bhashya is [[Vasubandhu]]'s Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya.<ref>Lodrö Sangpo (Translator, 2012), Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120836105}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The term Bhashya literally means "speaking, talking, any work in the current, vernacular speech".<ref name=mmwbhashya/> The term also refers to, states Monier-Williams, any "explanatory work, exposition, explanation, commentary" that brings to light something else.<ref name=mmwbhashya>Monier Monier-Williams (2002), A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 755</ref> A ''Bhashyakrit'' is the author, and these words are related to the root ''Bhash'' which means "speak about, describe, declare, tell".<ref name=mmwbhashya/>
==Discussion==
A typical Bhashya would be an interpretation of a [[Sutra]] or other classical work word by word.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 77|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> It can also consist of word by word translations and the individual viewpoint of the commentator or '''Bhashyakara'''.
There are numerous Bhashyas available on various Sanskrit and non-Sanskrit works. A few examples are Brahma Sutra Bhashya by Sri [[Madhvacharya]]<ref>[http://www.dvaita.org/madhva/AnandaT_6.html References about Srimad Ananda Tirtha]</ref> and Sri [[Adi Shankara]],<ref>[http://www.advaita-vedanta.org/articles/adhyasa_bhashyam.htm Brahma Sutra Bhashya]</ref> Gita Bhashya and [[Sri Bhasya|Sri Bhashya]]<ref>[http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/acharyas/ramanuja/sribhashya.html Sribhashya]</ref> by Sri [[Ramanuja]] and [[Mahabhashya]] by [[Patañjali]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title = Philosophical elements in Patañjali's {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies | author = K. Kunjunni Raja | editors = [[Harold Coward|Harold G. Coward]], K. Kunjunni Raja | volume = 5 (''The Philosophy of the Grammarians'') | pages = 115 | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publ | isbn = 81-208-0426-0 | year = }}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Works of Madhvacharya]]
* [[Works of Adi Shankara]]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=adhyasa%20bhashyam Adhyasa Bhashyam audio of Adisankaracharya (Dr.Goli)]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://archive.org/stream/Sribhashya_of_Ramanuja-VS_Abhyankar_Parts_1_2/SribhashyaOfRamanuja-VsAbhyankar-Part11914#page/n15/mode/2up Sri Bhashya] Ramanuja
*[https://archive.org/stream/ChandogyaUpanishadWithShankaraBhashya-EnglishTranslationPart1/03ChandogyaUpanishadWithSankaraBhashya-English-Part1#page/n0/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad with Shankara Bhasya], GN Jha (Translator)
[[Category:Literary terminology]]
[[Category:Sanskrit literature]]
The Indian tradition typically followed certain guidelines in preparing a Bhasya. These commentaries give meaning of words, particularly when they are about condensed aphoristic Sutras, supplementing the interpreted meaning with additional information on the subjects.<ref name=richa17/> A traditional Bhasya would, like modern scholarship, name the earlier texts (cite) and often include quotes from previous authors.<ref>Elisa Freschi (2012), Proposals for the Study of Quotations in Indian Philosophical Texts, Religions of South Asia, Vol 6, No 2, pages 161, also 161-189</ref> The author of the Bhasya would also provide verification, acceptance or rejection of the text as interpreted, with reasons, and usually include a conclusion.<ref name=richa17/> The title of a commentary work sometimes has the title of the text commented on, with the suffix "-Bhashya".<ref>GC Pande (2011), Life and Thought of Śaṅkarācārya, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120811041}}, pages 93-107</ref>
Among the earliest known ''Bhashya'' are included the Maha-bhashya of Patanjali from the 2nd century BCE,<ref>A Datta (2009), Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Volume 2, Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-8126023844}}, page 1338</ref> and ''Sabara Bhashya'' of the [[Mimamsa]] school of Hinduism, dated to have been likely composed between 100 BCE to 200 CE, but no later than the 5th century.<ref>Othmar Gächter (1990), Hermeneutics and Language in Purva Mimamsa: A Study in Sabara Bhasya, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120806924}}, page 9</ref> An example of Buddhist literature Bhashya is [[Vasubandhu]]'s Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya.<ref>Lodrö Sangpo (Translator, 2012), Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120836105}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The term Bhashya literally means "speaking, talking, any work in the current, vernacular speech".<ref name=mmwbhashya/> The term also refers to, states Monier-Williams, any "explanatory work, exposition, explanation, commentary" that brings to light something else.<ref name=mmwbhashya>Monier Monier-Williams (2002), A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 755</ref> A ''Bhashyakrit'' is the author, and these words are related to the root ''Bhash'' which means "speak about, describe, declare, tell".<ref name=mmwbhashya/>
==Discussion==
A typical Bhashya would be an interpretation of a [[Sutra]] or other classical work word by word.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 77|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> It can also consist of word by word translations and the individual viewpoint of the commentator or '''Bhashyakara'''.
There are numerous Bhashyas available on various Sanskrit and non-Sanskrit works. A few examples are Brahma Sutra Bhashya by Sri [[Madhvacharya]]<ref>[http://www.dvaita.org/madhva/AnandaT_6.html References about Srimad Ananda Tirtha]</ref> and Sri [[Adi Shankara]],<ref>[http://www.advaita-vedanta.org/articles/adhyasa_bhashyam.htm Brahma Sutra Bhashya]</ref> Gita Bhashya and [[Sri Bhasya|Sri Bhashya]]<ref>[http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/acharyas/ramanuja/sribhashya.html Sribhashya]</ref> by Sri [[Ramanuja]] and [[Mahabhashya]] by [[Patañjali]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title = Philosophical elements in Patañjali's {{IAST|Mahābhāṣya}} | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies | author = K. Kunjunni Raja | editors = [[Harold Coward|Harold G. Coward]], K. Kunjunni Raja | volume = 5 (''The Philosophy of the Grammarians'') | pages = 115 | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publ | isbn = 81-208-0426-0 | year = }}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Works of Madhvacharya]]
* [[Works of Adi Shankara]]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=adhyasa%20bhashyam Adhyasa Bhashyam audio of Adisankaracharya (Dr.Goli)]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://archive.org/stream/Sribhashya_of_Ramanuja-VS_Abhyankar_Parts_1_2/SribhashyaOfRamanuja-VsAbhyankar-Part11914#page/n15/mode/2up Sri Bhashya] Ramanuja
*[https://archive.org/stream/ChandogyaUpanishadWithShankaraBhashya-EnglishTranslationPart1/03ChandogyaUpanishadWithSankaraBhashya-English-Part1#page/n0/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad with Shankara Bhasya], GN Jha (Translator)
[[Category:Literary terminology]]
[[Category:Sanskrit literature]]