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== परिचय || Introduction ==

== परिचय || Introduction ==

Sanatana Dharma through various texts and treatises expounded the existence of जीवात्मा ||  [[Jivatma]] (soul) and पुनर्जन्म || [[Punarjanma]] (rebirth or reincarnation) of the soul going through cycles of birth and death according to the person's Karma.  When the Jivatma of an individual leaves the body or [[Upaadhi]] (carnal attibutes) it is called Death. Cycles of birth and death are based on the punyakarma and papakarma of the individual, and it goes on until the soul attains [[moksha]] (salvation).  

Sanatana Dharma through various texts and treatises expounded the existence of जीवात्मा ||  [[Jivatma]] (soul) and पुनर्जन्म || [[Punarjanma]] (rebirth or reincarnation) of the soul going through cycles of birth and death according to the person's Karma.  When the Jivatma of an individual leaves the body or [[Upadhi|उपाधिः || Upadhi]] (carnal attibutes) it is called Death. Cycles of birth and death are based on the punyakarma and papakarma of the individual, and it goes on until the soul attains [[moksha]] (salvation).<ref>[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic Encyclopedia] (Page 613 and 614)</ref>

This can be explained with reference to the [[छान्दोग्य उपनिषद् |Chandogya Upanishad]] of the [[सामवेद| Sama Veda]] (5-3), where [[Shvetaketu (श्वेतकेतु)|Shvetaketu]], once came to the assembly of Panchalas, whose reigning monarch was Pravahana Jaivali.   

This can be explained with reference to the [[छान्दोग्य उपनिषद् |Chandogya Upanishad]] of the [[सामवेद| Sama Veda]] (5-3), where [[Shvetaketu (श्वेतकेतु)|Shvetaketu]], once came to the assembly of Panchalas, whose reigning monarch was Pravahana Jaivali.   

== As in Brahmasutras ==

== As in Brahmasutras ==

Brahmasutras extensively and intricately describe the path of the Soul after Jeevan mukti and Videha mukti.  <blockquote>"तदन्तरप्रतिपत्तौ रंहति सम्परिष्वक्तः प्रश्ननिरूपणाभ्याम् || (Bram. Sut. 3-1-1)"</blockquote><blockquote>"Tadantarapratipattau raṁhati sampariṣvaktaḥ praśnanirūpaṇābhyām || (Bram. Sut. 3-1-1)"</blockquote>Meaning : When the transmigration of the soul takes place, the living being enters into the new body along with the subtle elements- मनस || manasa (mind), बुद्धि || buddhi (intellect) and अहङ्कार || ahankara (ego). This is corroborated in the Upanishads.  

Brahmasutras extensively and intricately describe the path of the Soul after Jeevan mukti and Videha mukti.  <blockquote>तदन्तरप्रतिपत्तौ रंहति सम्परिष्वक्तः प्रश्ननिरूपणाभ्याम् || (Bram. Sut. 3-1-1)<ref>Brahmasutras By Swami Sivananda ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/bs_3/bs_3-1-01.html 3.1.1])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>Tadantarapratipattau raṁhati sampariṣvaktaḥ praśnanirūpaṇābhyām || (Bram. Sut. 3-1-1)</blockquote>Meaning : When the transmigration of the soul takes place, the living being enters into the new body along with the subtle elements- मनस || manasa (mind), बुद्धि || buddhi (intellect) and अहङ्कार || ahankara (ego). This is corroborated in the Upanishads.  

The Devayana and Pitrayana is described in the Brahmasutras in the 4th chapter (phaladhyaya), 2nd section. The mode of departure from the body up to the way is common to both the knower of the Saguna Brahman and an ordinary man  <blockquote>"समाना चासृत्युपक्रमादमृतत्वं चानुपोष्य (Bram. Sut. 4.2.7)"</blockquote>Meaning : And common (is the mode of departure at the time of death for both the knower of the Saguna Brahman and the ignorant) up to the beginning of their ways; and the immortality (of the knower of the Saguna Brahman is only relative) without having burnt (ignorance). The present Sutra says that the knower of the Saguna Brahman enters the Sushumna Nadi at death and then goes out of the body and then enters the Devayana or the path of the gods while the ordinary ignorant man enters some other Nadi and goes by another way to have rebirth.

The Devayana and Pitrayana is described in the Brahmasutras in the 4th chapter (phaladhyaya), 2nd section. The mode of departure from the body up to the way is common to both the knower of the Saguna Brahman and an ordinary man  <blockquote>समाना चासृत्युपक्रमादमृतत्वं चानुपोष्य (Bram. Sut. 4.2.7)<ref name=":0">Brahmasutras By Swami Sivananda ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/bs_4/bs_4-2-04.html 4.2.7])</ref></blockquote>Meaning : And common (is the mode of departure at the time of death for both the knower of the Saguna Brahman and the ignorant) up to the beginning of their ways; and the immortality (of the knower of the Saguna Brahman is only relative) without having burnt (ignorance). The present Sutra says that the knower of the Saguna Brahman enters the Sushumna Nadi at death and then goes out of the body and then enters the Devayana or the path of the gods while the ordinary ignorant man enters some other Nadi and goes by another way to have rebirth.

But the mode of departure at death is common to both till they enter on their respective ways.

But the mode of departure at death is common to both till they enter on their respective ways.

* Those who perform yajnas, give away gifts, and undergo penances, eventually reach the world of chandra (moon), by the path of the ancestors. The path of the manes is clearly identified as those who take up the karma marga, not necessarily karma yoga which involves giving up the fruits of actions. As such, those who take the path of the  manes and reach the world of chandra will have to be reborn on the  earth after their merits have been exhausted.

* Those who perform yajnas, give away gifts, and undergo penances, eventually reach the world of chandra (moon), by the path of the ancestors. The path of the manes is clearly identified as those who take up the karma marga, not necessarily karma yoga which involves giving up the fruits of actions. As such, those who take the path of the  manes and reach the world of chandra will have to be reborn on the  earth after their merits have been exhausted.

* Those who do take neither the path of the gods nor the path of ancestors are reborn as insects, moths, mosquitoes, etc. and lead a lowly existence on earth.

* Those who do take neither the path of the gods nor the path of ancestors are reborn as insects, moths, mosquitoes, etc. and lead a lowly existence on earth.

== As in Bhagavad Gita ==

== As in Bhagavad Gita ==

== References ==

== References ==

#  

#  

# http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/chhand/ch_1c.html

# http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/chhand/ch_1c.html

# http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_z_misc_major_works/brahma_suutra.html

# http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_z_misc_major_works/brahma_suutra.html

# http://bhagavadgita.org.in/Chapters

# http://bhagavadgita.org.in/Chapters

# [[wikipedia:Festival_of_the_Dead|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_the_Dead]]

# [[wikipedia:Festival_of_the_Dead|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_the_Dead]]