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It is said that Bhagavan Vishnu incarnated as Maharshi Veda Vyasa in Dvapara yuga and organized the Vedas in their present form. Maharshi Vyasa's efforts brought about uniformity in the religious observances thereby performance of rites and rituals, religious ceremonies, sacrifices and vratas (vows) continued without any flaw. As Vedas have different aspects of understanding to them, various types of expositions on Vedas came into existence and each became a subject to be learnt before a comprehensive understanding the Vedas can be achieved. Maharshi Yaska, who gave Nirukta to the world, also expounded vedic terminology on the basis of legends and ancient lore.  

It is said that Bhagavan Vishnu incarnated as Maharshi Veda Vyasa in Dvapara yuga and organized the Vedas in their present form. Maharshi Vyasa's efforts brought about uniformity in the religious observances thereby performance of rites and rituals, religious ceremonies, sacrifices and vratas (vows) continued without any flaw. As Vedas have different aspects of understanding to them, various types of expositions on Vedas came into existence and each became a subject to be learnt before a comprehensive understanding the Vedas can be achieved. Maharshi Yaska, who gave Nirukta to the world, also expounded vedic terminology on the basis of legends and ancient lore.

Manu, the Law giver of ancient Bharatavarsha, laid down certain instructions as to how the teaching of Vedas should be conducted.

Manu, the Law giver of ancient Bharatavarsha, laid down certain instructions as to how the teaching of Vedas should be conducted.

The Six Angas are:

The Six Angas are:

#'''[[Shiksha|Siksha]]''' is a knowledge of phonetics. Shiksha deals with pronunciation and accent. The text of the Vedas is arranged in various forms or Pathas. The Pada-patha gives each word its separate form. The Krama-patha connects the word in pairs.<ref name=":02">All About HInduism, Swami Sivananda, Page 33-34</ref>

#'''[[Shiksha|Siksha]]''' is a knowledge of phonetics. Shiksha deals with pronunciation and accent. The text of the Vedas is arranged in various forms or Pathas. The Pada-patha gives each word its separate form. The Krama-patha connects the word in pairs.<ref name=":022">All About HInduism, Swami Sivananda, Page 33-34</ref>

#[[Chandas|Chhandas]] (chandas) is the knowledge of meters. This auxiliary discipline lays its focus on the metrical construction of vedic mantras and poetic meters, including those based on the number of syllables per mantra and those based on the duration of pronunciation of syllables in a mantra.

#[[Chandas|Chhandas]] (chandas) is the knowledge of meters. This auxiliary discipline lays its focus on the metrical construction of vedic mantras and poetic meters, including those based on the number of syllables per mantra and those based on the duration of pronunciation of syllables in a mantra.

#[[Vyakarana]] is the knowledge of construction of words or grammar.  This auxiliary discipline has focused on the rules of grammar and siddhiprakriya or process of deriving a word, so as to establish the exact form of words and sentences to properly express ideas.

#[[Vyakarana]] is the knowledge of construction of words or grammar.  This auxiliary discipline has focused on the rules of grammar and siddhiprakriya or process of deriving a word, so as to establish the exact form of words and sentences to properly express ideas.

#[[Nirukta]] gives the vyutpattiartha or [[etymology]], explaining words, particularly those which are archaic and have a different ancient vedic usage with uncommon meaning. This auxiliary discipline has focused on developing a Nighantu which is a dictionary that has a collection of vedic usages. These words are analysed to establish the proper meaning of the words according to the context used in vedas.

#[[Nirukta]] gives the vyutpattiartha or [[etymology]], explaining words, particularly those which are archaic and have a different ancient vedic usage with uncommon meaning. This auxiliary discipline has focused on developing a Nighantu which is a dictionary that has a collection of vedic usages. These words are analysed to establish the proper meaning of the words according to the context used in vedas.

#[[Jyotisha]] deals with astronomy and astrology. It deals with the movements of the heavenly bodies, planets, etc., and their influence in human affairs.<ref name=":02" /> This auxiliary Vedic discipline focused on time keeping.  

#[[Jyotisha]] deals with astronomy and astrology. It deals with the movements of the heavenly bodies, planets, etc., and their influence in human affairs.<ref name=":022" /> This auxiliary Vedic discipline focused on time keeping.  

#[[Kalpa (Vedanga)|Kalpa]] are the texts that detail the methods of yagna and other rituals. This field focused on standardizing procedures for Vedic Srauta rituals, Smartha rituals associated with samskaaras - major life events such as birth, wedding and death in family, as well as discussing dharmas laid down for the personal conduct and proper duties of an individual in different stages of his life.   

#[[Kalpa (Vedanga)|Kalpa]] are the texts that detail the methods of yagna and other rituals. This field focused on standardizing procedures for Vedic Srauta rituals, Smartha rituals associated with samskaaras - major life events such as birth, wedding and death in family, as well as discussing dharmas laid down for the personal conduct and proper duties of an individual in different stages of his life.   

==  सविस्तर विवरण ॥Detailed Discussion ==

==  सविस्तर विवरण ॥Detailed Discussion ==

The ऋग्वेद || rigveda and सामवेद || samaveda mantras are totally constructed with chandas. यजुर्वेद || Yajurveda has both prose and श्लोक || sloka forms of mantras, and the slokas are all built with appropriate chandas.  

The ऋग्वेद || rigveda and सामवेद || samaveda mantras are totally constructed with chandas. यजुर्वेद || Yajurveda has both prose and श्लोक || sloka forms of mantras, and the slokas are all built with appropriate chandas.  

वैदिक छन्दः || Vaidikachandas is different from chandas and meters of poems in classical sanskrit. Vaidikachandas is अक्षर प्रधानं || Akshara pradhanam or the number of letters is significant to understand the छन्दः || chandas and not the मात्रा || maatras (Morae). In classical samskrit the number of syllables as well as quality (Laghu and Guru) are taken into account <ref name=":1">Choudhury, Goutam (2007) Ph. D Thesis Titled:  [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/66639 The Vrttamanjari of Dhiresvaracharya : A critical study]. University of Gauhati</ref>. The general सूत्र || sutras as applicable to classical sanskrit is not applicable to वैदिक छन्दः || Vaidikachandas.

वैदिक छन्दः || Vaidikachandas is different from chandas and meters of poems in classical sanskrit. Vaidikachandas is अक्षर प्रधानं || Akshara pradhanam or the number of letters is significant to understand the छन्दः || chandas and not the मात्रा || maatras (Morae). In classical samskrit the number of syllables as well as quality (Laghu and Guru) are taken into account <ref name=":12">Choudhury, Goutam (2007) Ph. D Thesis Titled:  [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/66639 The Vrttamanjari of Dhiresvaracharya : A critical study]. University of Gauhati</ref>. The general सूत्र || sutras as applicable to classical sanskrit is not applicable to वैदिक छन्दः || Vaidikachandas.

Pingalacharyas चन्दःसुत्रं ||"Chandahsutram" is a work which gives information about vaidikachandas. The number of letters range from 1 to 104.  Based on the number of letters each chandas has a different name. There are seven principle chandas in Vedas<ref name=":1" />  

Pingalacharyas चन्दःसुत्रं ||"Chandahsutram" is a work which gives information about vaidikachandas. The number of letters range from 1 to 104.  Based on the number of letters each chandas has a different name. There are seven principle chandas in Vedas<ref name=":12" />

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!Chandas Name

!Chandas Name

|4 paadas of 12 syllables

|4 paadas of 12 syllables

|48

|48

|}

|}अस्थि || Asthi (64), प्रकृति || Prakriti (84), विकृति || Vikruti (92) अभिकृति || Abhikruti (100) and उत्कृति || Utkruti (104 अक्षराणि || aksharani) are a few other Vedic chandas according to other classifications. Other texts dealing with Chandas include Rkpratisakhya, Sankhyayana Srauta sutras and Nidana Sutra of Samaveda.<ref>Introduction to [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/chanda/ Chandas]</ref> Devotional works are constructed in other meters mostly different from vedic meters. The first Rig veda Suktam - Agni suktam is in the Gayatri meter.<ref name=":03">Chandas as discoursed by Sri Sri Sri. Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Swamiji compiled in [http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part8/chap5.htm Hindu Dharma]</ref>

अस्थि || Asthi (64), प्रकृति || Prakriti (84), विकृति || Vikruti (92) अभिकृति || Abhikruti (100) and उत्कृति || Utkruti (104 अक्षराणि || aksharani) are a few other Vedic chandas according to other classifications. Other texts dealing with Chandas include Rkpratisakhya, Sankhyayana Srauta sutras and Nidana Sutra of Samaveda.<ref>Introduction to [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/chanda/ Chandas]</ref> Devotional works are constructed in other meters mostly different from vedic meters. The first Rig veda Suktam - Agni suktam is in the Gayatri meter.<ref name=":0">Chandas as discoursed by Sri Sri Sri. Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Swamiji compiled in [http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part8/chap5.htm Hindu Dharma]</ref>

 

=== ज्योतिषम् ॥ Jyotisham ===

=== ज्योतिषम् ॥ Jyotisham ===

Lagadha is regarded as the author of ancient Jyotisha. It is study of the Universe,i.e.,astrology or astronomy to determine the configuration and position of stars and planets etc., in order to fix favorable or propitious times for performing यज्ञ || Yagas or Hindu rituals.  

Lagadha is regarded as the author of ancient Jyotisha. It is study of the Universe,i.e.,astrology or astronomy to determine the configuration and position of stars and planets etc., in order to fix favorable or propitious times for performing यज्ञ || Yagas or Hindu rituals.  

==References==

==References==

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