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# दर्शनानि || Darshanas (6)

# दर्शनानि || Darshanas (6)

# परिशिष्टम् || Parishistas

# परिशिष्टम् || Parishistas

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas ==

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas ==

चतुर्दशविद्या ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. Attaining proficiency in them is said to be vidya or education in ancient days. These include learning the Chaturvedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Adharvanaveda), Shadvedangas (Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotisham), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastram) of Vedas.<ref>Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

चतुर्दशविद्या ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. Attaining proficiency in them is said to be vidya or education in ancient days. These include learning the Chaturvedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Adharvanaveda), Shadvedangas (Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotisham), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastram) of Vedas.<ref name=":0">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool), and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedangas.<blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool), and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedangas.<blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥</blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥ </blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥</blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥ </blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

Puranas, Mimamsa, Nyaya and Dharma shastras are included on Upangas of Vedas. Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of philosophy.   

'''Puranas, Mimamsa, Nyaya and Dharma shastras''' are included on Upangas of Vedas<ref name=":0" />.  

* The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, expounded the Dharma-sutras (vaidika kriyas), which later expanded into Dharma-shastras (smritis). While Kalpa Dharmasutras generally lay down the code of conduct of a person during procedures related to vaidika yagna kriyas, Dharmasastras (Upangas) lay down the general moral code of conduct applicable for every human being. Dharmashastras are also mentioned as Smritis, for ex: Manu Smriti, on which the present day judicial system is founded on.   

 

* The Nyaya shastra given by Gautama rishi is also studied as part of the Shad darshanas. Nyaya shastra   

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of philosophy. According to some scholars<ref>Introduction about [http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/table_qualities.htm Upangas] (Maharshi Vedic University)</ref> the Shad darshanas may be classified as Upangas of Vedas. However, traditionally the Chaturdasha vidyas consider the above given shastras as Veda Upangas.   

*   

 

* The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, expounded the Dharma-sutras (vaidika kriyas), which later expanded into Dharma-shastras (smritis). While Kalpa Dharmasutras generally lay down the code of conduct of a person during procedures related to vaidika yagna kriyas, Dharmasastras (classified under Upangas) lay down the general moral code of conduct applicable for every human being. Dharmashastras are also mentioned as Smritis, for ex: Manu Smriti, on which the present day Bharatiya judicial system is founded on.   

* The Nyaya shastra given by Gautama rishi is also studied as part of the Shad darshanas. Nyaya shastra is science of logic, also called as Hetu vidya.  

*  Mimamsa, divided into Purvamimamsa and Uttaramimamsa. Purva Mimamsa highlights the discriminating and decision making qualities of the Vedas by analysis. Here, Purva Mimamsa is generally what is considered for the term Mimamsa. Uttara Mimamsa is also called as Vedanta, which is classified under the Jnanakanda.

== उपवेदाः || Upavedas ==

== उपवेदाः || Upavedas ==

They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda<ref>[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upaveda/ Introduction to Upavedas]</ref> viz.

They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda<ref>[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upaveda/ Introduction to Upavedas]</ref> viz.

The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda has 3 parisistas The Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa, which is also found as the second praśna of the Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra', and the Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa

The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda has 3 parisistas The Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa, which is also found as the second praśna of the Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra', and the Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa

== षड्दर्शनानि ॥ Shad Darshanas ==

== षड्दर्शनानि ॥ Shad Darshanas ==

<blockquote>कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Gautama rishi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

<blockquote>कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Gautama rishi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.