Prakrti Pratyaya Vyavastha (प्रकृतिप्रत्ययव्यवस्था)
प्रकृतिः ॥
प्रकृति is the root. It is of two types
- प्रातिपदिक
- धातु
प्रातिपदिकम् ॥
Name or label of any entity. The meaning of the प्रातिपदिक is the entity. The meaning of a प्रातिपदिक will be context independent. We can find the meaning of प्रातिपदिक in the dictionary.
Eg: राम कृष्ण पुस्तक नगर संस्कृत
Definition
Definition in अष्टाध्यायी - अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम् (१/२/४५) - प्रातिपदिक as the group of वर्णs which has a meaning, is not a धातु and also is not a प्रत्यय.
Meanings
Two types of meaning of a प्रातिपदिक -
- रूढि - Meaning is based on the usage in the language. The meaning of the प्रातिपदिक, does not need to be derived from its etymology.
Eg : बाल means boy, कूप means well
- योग - Meaning derived from its etymology.
Eg: 1. नर्तक - dancer,
धातु - नृत् (to dance) + प्रत्यय - ष्वुन् (doer).
2. दाशरथि - Son of दशरथ,
प्रातिपदिक - दशरथ ( King Dasharatha) + प्रत्यय - इञ् (son of)
Gender of प्रातिपदिक
प्रातिपदिक will have a gender either नियतलिङ्ग or विशेष्यनिघ्न.
- नियतलिङ्ग - Intrinsically fixed (not based on the gender of its meaning)
पुंल्लिङ्ग - Masculine, Eg: घट, धातु, प्रत्यय
स्त्रीलिङ्ग - Feminine, Eg: अजा, बुद्धि, नदी, लेखनी
नपुंसकलिङ्ग - Neuter, Eg: फल, पुस्तक, प्रातिपदिक
- विशेष्यनिघ्न - The gender of this type of प्रातिपदिक (विशेषण, qualifier) will follow the gender of another प्रातिपदिक (qualified, विशेष्य) that it is referring to in the given context.
Eg: नीलः मेघः , नीला पेटिका , नीलम् कमलम्
धातुः ॥
the action. The meaning of a धातु is context independent. We can find the meaning of धातु in the धातु-कोश. General meaning is always mentioned along with the धातु.
Eg : भू सत्तायाम, डु कृञ् करणे, डु कृञ् करणे, पठँ व्यक्तायां वाचि, गम्लँ गतौ
Definition
Definition in अष्टाध्यायी - भूवादयो धातवः (१/३/१) - any element of the list (गण) starting from भू सत्तायां is called a धातु.
classifications of धातु
Different classifications of धातु -
- सकर्मक-अकर्मक - Dependent on क्रिया (meaning of धातु).
Eg : सकर्मक - गमॣँ गतौ - to go, अकर्मक - शीङ् स्वप्ने - to sleep
- परस्मैपदी-आत्मनेपदि-उभयपदी - There are two sets of प्रत्ययs called परस्मैपद and आत्मनेपद. Classified based on which set of प्रत्यय the धातु can take.
परस्मैपदी - The धातुs that take only परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययs.(गमॣँ)
आत्मनेपदि - The धातुs that take only आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययs.(वदिँ)
उभयपदी - The धातुs that take both. (डु पचष्)
- दश-गण - Classified into ten groups called गणs, based on the kind of transformation not based on the meaning.
प्रत्ययः ॥
There are two sets of प्रत्ययs
- सुप्, a set of 21 प्रत्ययs that can be added to प्रातिपदिकs only
- तिङ्, a set of 18 प्रत्ययs that can be added to धातुs only.
The result of these will be a पद, which are used in the sentences .
पदम् ॥
- कथा/प्रकरण/काव्य/ग्रन्थ - Set of related वाक्यs (sentences) in form of गद्य (prose) or पद्य (poem)
- वाक्य - Set of related पदs (words), no necessity of word order (english needs word order). This is the basic unit of communication .
- पद - It is a combination of प्रकृति (roots) and प्रत्यय (suffix) and sometimes उपसर्ग (prefix). These are the ones that are found in the sentences and indicates क्रियाs, कारकs and other relations.
- पद (सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् १-४-१४)
प्रातिपदिक + सुप्-प्रत्यय => सुबन्त-पद
धातु + तिङ्-प्रत्यय => तिङन्त-पद (तिङ्गत-क्रियापद)
References
- ↑ Sridhar Subbanna, Prakrti Pratyaya Vyavastha, Samskritadhyayana Karyashala, Vidyasvam.