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Yajurveda Samhitas (यजुर्वेदीयाः संहिताः) (view source)

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== शुक्लयजुर्वेदीयाः संहिताः ॥ ==
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== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
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No less than six complete samhitas of the Yajurveda is available today.<ref>Ganga Sagar Rai (1965), [https://archive.org/details/puranavolvii015193mbp/page/n12/mode/1up?view=theater Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana (Vol 7, No. 1), Varanasi: All-India Kashiraj Trust.</ref>
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=== माध्यन्दिनसंहिता ॥ ===
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== शुक्लयजुर्वेदीयाः संहिताः ॥ Shukla Yajurveda Samhita ==
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The Shukla Yajurveda Mantra Samhita is also known by the name Vajasaneyi Samhita as it was obtained by Yajnavalkya Vajasaneya by the grace of Bhagavan Surya. When quoted, the name Vajasaneyi Samhita generally refers to the Samhita belonging to the Madhyandina Shakha of the Shukla Yajurveda. It consists of 40 adhyayas out of which the last 15 as referred to as khila adhyayas. An understanding of the contents of this Samhita gives an overview of the general subject matter of the Yajurveda.<ref>Baldev Upadhyay (1955), [https://ia801607.us.archive.org/10/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.347181/2015.347181.Vaidik-Sahitya.pdf Vaidik Sahitya], Kashi</ref>
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Madhyandina and Kanva are the two prime branches of the Shukla Yajurveda.
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=== माध्यन्दिनसंहिता ॥ Madhyandina Samhita ===
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The Shukla Yajurveda Mantra Samhita is also known by the name Vajasaneyi Samhita as it was obtained by Yajnavalkya Vajasaneya by the grace of Bhagavan Surya. When quoted, the name Vajasaneyi Samhita generally refers to the Samhita belonging to the Madhyandina Shakha of the Shukla Yajurveda. It consists of 40 adhyayas out of which the last 15 as referred to as khila adhyayas with a total of 1975 mantras. An understanding of the contents of this Samhita gives an overview of the general subject matter of the Yajurveda.<ref name=":0">Baldev Upadhyay (1955), [https://ia801607.us.archive.org/10/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.347181/2015.347181.Vaidik-Sahitya.pdf Vaidik Sahitya], Kashi</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+Contents of Vajasaneyi Madhyandina Samhita
 
|+Contents of Vajasaneyi Madhyandina Samhita
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|Ishavasyopanishad - the only upanishad to form a part of the Samhita itself thereby, considered the oldest among upanishads.
 
|Ishavasyopanishad - the only upanishad to form a part of the Samhita itself thereby, considered the oldest among upanishads.
 
|}
 
|}
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The Madhyandina shakha is known to have presence in Northern India.
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=== काण्वसंहिता ॥ Kanva Samhita ===
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In the recent times, the Kanva Shakha is known to be prevalent in the region of Maharashtra. However, in the ancient times, Northern India seems to be the region of the Kanva shakha considering that the samhita mentions a Kuru and Panchala Raja.
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एष वः कुरवो राजा, एष पञ्चालो राजा ।
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Also, according to the Mahabharata (Adi Parva), the hermitage of Kanva Muni (the foster father of Shakuntala) was situated on the banks of the river Malini that is identified with the river Malan in Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, it is believed that the Kanvas were indeed connected to Northern India.
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The Kanva Samhita consists 40 adhyayas, 328 anuvakas and 2086 mantras that is 111 more than the ones in the Madhyandina Samhita.
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Ths Kanva shakha is known to be related to the Pancharatra Agamas, especially the Pancharatra Samhitas.<ref name=":0" />
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== कृष्णयजुर्वेदीयाः संहिताः ॥ Krshna Yajurveda Samhita ==
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The subject matter of the Krshna Yajurveda is more or less the same as the Shukla Yajurveda. The only difference being that the Shukla Yajurveda gives only the mantras pertaining to the Yajna rituals while the Krshna Yajurveda also adds the pertinent brahmana sections. It is said that there 85 branches of the Krshna Yajurveda of which only 4 of them are extent today with their respective Samhitas. However, being branches of the same Veda, there is similarity in terms of their nature, yagas described and the mantras prescribed. The Samhitas of Krshna Yajurveda are described in brief below:
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=== तैत्तिरीयसंहिता ॥ Taittiriya Samhita ===
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The Taittiriya Samhita is prevalent in the Southern regions of India including some parts of Maharashtra and the whole of Andhra and Dravida regions. The speciality of this shakha lies in its ability to have maintained its textual heritage inclusive of the Samhita, brahmana, aranyaka, upanishad, shrautasutras as well as the grhya sutra intact over the years.
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=== काण्वसंहिता ॥ ===
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The Taittiriya Samhita is organised into 7 kandas, 44 prapathakas and 631 anuvakas. And like the Shukla Yajurveda it includes descriptions of Paurodasha, Yajamana, Vajapeya, Rajasuya, etc.
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== कृष्णयजुर्वेदीयाः संहिताः ॥ ==
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Sayanacharya belonged to this shakha and has written a commentary on the same. However, Bhatta Bhaskara's commentary known as Jnana Yajna that provides the adhyatma and adhidaiva perspectives to mantras apart from the adhiyajna meaning preceeds that of Sayanacharya's and is equally scholarly in approach.<ref name=":0" />
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=== तैत्तिरीयसंहिता ॥ ===
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=== मैत्रायणीसंहिता ॥ Maitrayani Samhita  ===
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The Maitrayani Samhita is also gadya-padyatmaka (a mix of prose and verse) since it includes both mantras and brahmanas as is the nature of a the Krshna Yajurveda. The Maitrayani Samhita consists of 4 kandas that are described in brief below.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+Contents of the Maitrayani Samhita
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!Kanda
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!Prapathakas<ref name=":1" />
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!Subject-matter
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|-
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|1 - Adima Kanda
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|11
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|Description of Darshapurnamasa, adhvara, adhana, Punaradhana, Chaturmasya and Vajapeya.
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|-
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|2 - Madhyama Kanda
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|13
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|Description of Kamya Ishti, Rajasuya and Agnichiti
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|-
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|3 - Upari Kanda
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|16
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|Description of Agnichiti, Adhvara vidhi, Sautramani, etc.
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Prapathakas 12-16 have a detailed description of the Ashvamedha.
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|-
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|4 - Khila Kanda
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|14
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|Other important things related to Yajnas like Rajasuya described earlier are presented here.
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|}
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The Maitrayani Samhita has 2144 mantras of which 1701 rks are taken from the Rgveda. These mantras are related to the Mandalas 1 (Sukta 419), Mandala 10 (Sukta 323) and Mandala 6 (Sukta 157) of the Rgveda.<ref name=":0" />
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=== मैत्रायणीसंहिता ॥ ===
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=== कठसंहिता ॥ Katha Samhita ===
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In the Puranas, the Kathakas are known as Madhya-Pradeshiya or Madhyamas that suggests that in the ancient times they lived in Central India. According to Patanjali, the Katha Samhita was prevalent in every village.
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=== कठसंहिता ॥ ===
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ग्रामे ग्रामे काठकं कालापकं च प्रोच्यते । Mahabhashya 4.3.101
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=== कपिष्ठलकठसंहिता ॥ ===
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The Katha Samhita is available and organised into 5 Khandas, 40 sthanakas, 13 anuvachanas, 843 anuvakas, 3091 mantras and with the brahmanas 18000. The 5 khandas are  known as Ithimika, Madhyamika, Ormika, Yajyanuvakya and Ashvamedhagrantha. Sthanakas are their sub-divisions.<ref name=":1">Ganga Sagar Rai (1965), [https://archive.org/details/puranavolvii015193mbp/page/n247/mode/2up?view=theater Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana (Vol 7, No. 2), Varanasi: All India Kashiraj Trust.</ref> The contents of the Katha Samhita are described in brief below.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+Contents of the Katha Samhita
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!Khanda
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!Sthanakas
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!Subject-matter
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|-
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|1 - Ithimika
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|18
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|Description of Purodasha, Adhvara, Pashubandha, Vajapeya, Rajasuya, etc.
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|-
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|2 - Madhyamika
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|12
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|Discussion on Savitri, Panchachuda, Svarga, Dikshita, Ayushya, etc.
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|-
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|3 - Orimika Kanda
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|10
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|Description of Purodasha Brahmana, Yajamana brahmana, Satra, Prayashchitti, Chaturmasya, Sava, Sautramani, etc. 
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|-
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|4 - Yajyanuvakya Kanda
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|
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|It is considered included in the 3rd Kanda itself.
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|-
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|5 - Ashvamedhaadyanuvachana
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|
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|Consists of 13 Anuvachanas.
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|}
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Some of the important yagas included Darshapaurnamasa, Agnishtoma, Agnihotra, Adhana, Kamya Ishti,Nirudha Pashubandha, Vajapeya, Rajasuya, Agnichayana, Chaturmasya, Sautramani and Ashvamedha
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=== कपिष्ठलकठसंहिता ॥ Kapishthala Katha Samhita ===
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Kapishthala is the name of a Rshi that finds mention in Panini's sutra कपिष्ठलो गोत्रे (८.३.९१) and in Durgacharya's commentary on the nirukta where he says, अहं च कापिष्ठलो वासिष्ठः (निरुक्तटीका ४.४). There is only one manuscript of this Samhita available which is also incomplete. Also, the Kapishthala Samhita exhibits an influence of the Rgveda. Its Svarankana Paddhati is similar to that of the Rgveda. The Kapishthala Samhita, like the Rgveda, is organised into Ashtakas and Adhyayas. Details of the available portion of the text is enumerated below:
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+Kapishthala Samhita<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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!Ashtaka
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!Adhyayas
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|-
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|1 (complete)
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|8 adhyayas
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|-
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|2 and 3
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|adhyayas 9 to 24 (unavailable)
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|-
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|4
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|adhyayas 25 to 31 available (adhyaya 32 unavailable)
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adhyaya 27 is the Rudradhyaya
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|-
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|5
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|adhyayas 33 to 40 (adhyaya 33 unavailable)
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|-
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|6
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|adhyayas 41 to 48 (adhyaya 43 unavailable)
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|}
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Even the available chapters are not complete.<ref name=":1" /> However, the subject-matter of the Kapishthala Samhita resembles that of the Katha Samhita.<ref name=":0" />
    
== References ==
 
== References ==
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