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==  परिचय || Introduction ==

==  परिचय || Introduction ==

Yagnyavalkya  a great rushi of the vedic period undertook a heterodox, rebellious experiment of separating the ritual ordaining, injuctory part of the Veda, from their explanatory, literary and explicitly philosophical parts, i.e. the [[Samhita|संहिता || Samhita]] and ब्राह्मणा || Brahmana parts. Subsequently because of him two shakas of Yajurveda were formed.   

Yagnyavalkya  a great rishi of the vedic period, undertook a heterodox, rebellious experiment of separating the mantras of vaidika kriyas or ritual ordaining, injunctory part of the Veda, from their explicitly vedantic or philosophical parts, i.e. the [[Samhita|संहिता || Samhita]] and ब्राह्मणा || Brahmana parts. Subsequently because of him two shakas of Yajurveda were formed.   

His works Shatapata Brahmana (Brihadaaranyaka Upanishad) and याज्ञ्यवल्क्य स्मृति || Yagnyavalkya smriti are profound in nature and widely studied for their teachings.   

His works Shatapata Brahmana (Brihadaaranyaka Upanishad) and याज्ञ्यवल्क्य स्मृति || Yagnyavalkya smriti are profound in nature and widely studied for their teachings.   

==  याज्ञ्यवल्क्य - मैत्रेयी सम्वाद || Yagnyavalkya and Maitreyi's discussion  ==

==  याज्ञ्यवल्क्य - मैत्रेयी सम्वाद || Yagnyavalkya and Maitreyi's discussion  ==

याज्ञ्यवल्क्य || Yagnavalkya had two wives, मैत्रेयी || Maitreyi, a great [[Brahmavadini (ब्रह्मवादिनी)|ब्रह्मवादिनी || Brahmavadini]] (a great scholar) and कत्यायणी || Katyaayanee, who was very interested in managing household affairs. When Yagnyavalkya developed a desire to quit household life he called Maitreyi and while informing her of his decision told her before leaving I want to divide the wealth between you two and end the relationship between you through me, your common husband.  <blockquote>"सा होवाच मैत्रेयी - यन्नु म इयं भगोः सर्वा पृथवी वित्तेन पूर्णा स्यात्कथं तेनामृता स्यामिति |"</blockquote><blockquote>"नेति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः, यथैवोपकरणतां जीवितं तथैव ते जीवितं स्यात्, अमृतत्वस्य तु नाशास्ति वित्तेनेति || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.2)"</blockquote><blockquote>"sā hovāca maitreyī - yannu ma iyaṃ bhagoḥ sarvā pṛthavī vittena pūrṇā syātkathaṃ tenāmṛtā syāmiti |"</blockquote><blockquote>"neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ, yathaivopakaraṇatāṃ jīvitaṃ tathaiva te jīvitaṃ syāt, amṛtatvasya tu nāśāsti vitteneti || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.2)"</blockquote>Meaning : Learned Maitreyi asked him, Hey भगवान || Bhagavan, even if the wealth of the entire planet becomes mine, will it fetch me अम्रत्व || Amratva (immortality)". Here Amrutattva is symbolism for मुक्तिः || mukti (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).   

याज्ञ्यवल्क्य || Yagnavalkya had two wives, मैत्रेयी || Maitreyi, a great [[Brahmavadini (ब्रह्मवादिनी)|ब्रह्मवादिनी || Brahmavadini]] (a great scholar) and कत्यायणी || Katyaayanee, whose interests lay in managing household affairs. When Yagnyavalkya developed a desire to quit household life he called Maitreyi and while informing her of his decision told her before leaving "I intend to divide the wealth between you and Katyayanee and thereby end the relationship between you through me, your common husband."<ref>Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I.'' Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.</ref>. Hearing this Maitreyi asks <blockquote>सा होवाच मैत्रेयी - यन्नु म इयं भगोः सर्वा पृथिवी वित्तेन पूर्णा स्यात्कथं तेनामृता स्यामिति | </blockquote><blockquote>नेति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यो यथैवोपकरणवतां जीवितं तथैव ते जीवितं स्यात् अमृतत्वस्य तु नाऽऽशाऽस्ति वित्तेनेति || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.2)<ref>Brhadaranyaka Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_2p Adhyaya 2])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sā hōvāca maitrēyī - yannu ma iyaṁ bhagōḥ sarvā pr̥thivī vittēna pūrṇā syātkathaṁ tēnāmr̥tā syāmiti | </blockquote><blockquote>nēti hōvāca yājñavalkyō yathaivōpakaraṇavatāṁ jīvitaṁ tathaiva tē jīvitaṁ syāt amr̥tatvasya tu nā<nowiki>''</nowiki>śā'sti vittēnēti || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.2)</blockquote>Meaning : Hey भगवान || Bhagavan, even if the wealth of the entire planet becomes mine, will it fetch me अम्रत्व || Amratva (immortality). Yajnyavalkya answered, No, your life will be just like that of a person who is wealthy, wherever there is wealth there is no मुक्तिः || mukti.<ref>Swami Madhavananda, (1950). ''The Brhdaranyaka Upanishad with the commentry of Sankaracharya.'' Mayavati: Avaita Ashrama</ref>  

Yajnyavalkya answered, No, your life will be just like that of a person who is wealthy, wherever there is wealth there is no मुक्तिः || mukti.  It is implied here that for one whose goal is sensual pleasure, they would get only those earthly pleasures with wealth and not मुक्तिः || mukti. There is no connection between wealth and no hope of immortality through the acquisition and rites performed with wealth.  <blockquote>"सा होवाच मैत्रेयी - येनाहं नामृता स्यां किमहं तेन कुर्याम् यदेव भगवान्वेद तदेव मे ब्रूहीति || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.3)"</blockquote><blockquote>"sā hovāca maitreyī - yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syāṃ kimahaṃ tena kuryām yadeva bhagavānveda tadeva me brūhīti || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.3)"</blockquote>Meaning : Maitreyi raised question to her husband, Hey भगवान, If this is so, what shall I do with that (wealth) which will not make me immortal? Please instruct me on that which you know (means to attain मुक्ति: || mukti, a path you have found). He then initiates her into [[Brahmavidya (ब्रह्मविद्या)|ब्रह्मविद्या || Brahmavidya]], the knowledge of Absolute self and a मुक्ति मार्ग || mukti marga.

Here Amrutattva is symbolism for मुक्तिः || mukti (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).   

 

It is implied here that for one whose goal is sensual pleasure, they would get only those earthly pleasures with wealth and not मुक्तिः || mukti. There is no connection between wealth and no hope of immortality through the acquisition and rites performed with wealth.  <blockquote>"सा होवाच मैत्रेयी - येनाहं नामृता स्यां किमहं तेन कुर्याम् यदेव भगवान्वेद तदेव मे ब्रूहीति || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.3)"</blockquote><blockquote>"sā hovāca maitreyī - yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syāṃ kimahaṃ tena kuryām yadeva bhagavānveda tadeva me brūhīti || (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.3)"</blockquote>Meaning : Maitreyi raised question to her husband, Hey भगवान, If this is so, what shall I do with that (wealth) which will not make me immortal? Please instruct me on that which you know (means to attain मुक्ति: || mukti, a path you have found). He then initiates her into [[Brahmavidya (ब्रह्मविद्या)|ब्रह्मविद्या || Brahmavidya]], the knowledge of Absolute self and a मुक्ति मार्ग || mukti marga.

Yagnyavalkya shed tears hearing these words and she appeared most dear to him. He now explains the great truth of why one living entity actually loves another human being. He revealed the concept of Self though this great सुक्ता || sukta, स होवाच | sa hovāca |

Yagnyavalkya shed tears hearing these words and she appeared most dear to him. He now explains the great truth of why one living entity actually loves another human being. He revealed the concept of Self though this great सुक्ता || sukta, स होवाच | sa hovāca |

== आत्मन् || Atman or ईश्वर || Eshvara ==

== आत्मन् || Atman or ईश्वर || Eshvara ==

Here when परमात्मा || Paramatama is addressed as atma, a confusion arises with regards to whether the chapter is discussing a living being or ishawara?   

Here when परमात्मा || Paramatama is addressed as Atma, a confusion arises with regards to whether the chapter is discussing a living being or the supreme consciousness?   

'''Brahma sutras''', by vedavyasa, (1-4-19 sutras) explain this as वाक्यन्वयत || vakyanvayat.  "The word आत्मा || atma here has to be seen here as परमात्मा || Paramatama".  

'''Brahma sutras''', by vedavyasa, (1-4-19 sutras) explain this as वाक्यन्वयत || vakyanvayat.  "The word आत्मा || atma here has to be seen here as परमात्मा || Paramatama".  

'''Kenopanishad''' of Samaveda, gives collective instructions;  <blockquote>"तद्द तद्वनम् नम तद्वनमित्युपसितव्यं सय येतादेवं वेदभिहैनम् सर्वाणि भूतानि सवन्छति ||"</blockquote><blockquote>"tadda tadvanam nama tadvnamityupasitavyam, saya yetadevam vedabhihainam sarvani bhutani savanchati || '''(REF?)'''"</blockquote>Meaning : He has the name vana (every one want to have Him, love Him and desire Him) He should be worshiped (considered as dear), one who understand this, will also be loved by all.

'''Kenopanishad''' of Samaveda, gives collective instructions;  <blockquote>तद्ध तद्वनं नाम तद्वनमित्युपासितव्यं स य एतदेवं वेदाभिहैनँ सर्वाणि भूतानि संवाञ्छन्ति ॥ ६॥ (Kena. Upan. 4.6)</blockquote>Meaning : He has the name vana (every one want to have Him, love Him and desire Him) He should be worshiped (considered as dear), one who understand this, will also be loved by all.

'''Taittiriya Upanishad''' says,एसःयेव नन्द्याति || esahyeva nandayaati meaning He gives bliss to all (that is परमात्मा || Paramatama) .   

'''Taittiriya Upanishad''' says,एसःयेव नन्द्याति || esahyeva nandayaati meaning He gives bliss to all (that is परमात्मा || Paramatama) .   

== References ==

== References ==

# Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I.'' Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.

#  

# (2015). ''Shrimad Bhagvadgita.'' Gorakhpur:Gita Press.

# (2015). ''Shrimad Bhagvadgita.'' Gorakhpur:Gita Press.

# http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/taitsamhita1.html?lang=sa

# http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/taitsamhita1.html?lang=sa

# Swami Madhavananda, (1950). The Brhdaranyaka Upanishad with the commentry of Sankaracharya. Himalayas: Avaita Ashrama

#