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Line 1: − + − + − :शान्तो विनीतः शुद्धात्मा श्रद्धावान् धारणक्षमः ।समर्थश्च कुलीनश्च प्राज्ञः मच्चरितो व्रती । एवमादिगुणैर्युक्तः शिष्यो भवति नान्यथा ॥+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखं। सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद्विद्यां विद्यार्थीवा त्यजेत्सुखम् ।। + − Asvalayana Grhyasutras (3.4)+ − ब्राह्मणमधीयानं दशवर्षाणि+ − Hitopadesha+ − गुरुशुश्रूषया विद्या पुष्कलेन धनेन वा। अथवा विद्यया विद्या चतुर्थी नोपलभ्यते॥ (Hitopadesha?) − युक्तियुक्तं वचो ग्राह्यं न ग्राह्यं गुरुगौरवत् । सर्वशास्त्ररहस्यं तद् याज्ञवल्क्येन भाषितम् ॥ याज्ञवल्क्यशिक्षा , 232+
Vidyarthi's Qualities (विद्यातुराणां लक्षणानि) (view source)
Revision as of 23:17, 27 May 2022
, 23:17, 27 May 2022Adding content
A student, shishya or vidyarthi (Samskrit: विद्यार्थी) in ancient India had to develop specific qualities to become a good student. He also had specific duties towards his [[Guru (गुरुः)|Guru]] or [[Acharya (आचार्यः)|Acharya]].<ref name=":6">Mookerji. Radha Kumud, (1947) Ancient Indian Education (Brahminical and Buddhist) London: MacMillan And Co., Ltd. (Page 185)</ref>
A student, shishya or vidyarthi (Samskrit: विद्यार्थी) in ancient India had to develop specific qualities to become a good student. He also had specific duties towards his [[Guru (गुरुः)|Guru]] or [[Acharya (आचार्यः)|Acharya]].<ref name=":6">Mookerji. Radha Kumud, (1947) Ancient Indian Education (Brahminical and Buddhist) London: MacMillan And Co., Ltd. (Page 185)</ref>
==शिष्यलक्षणम् ॥ Shishya Lakshanam==
==शिष्यलक्षणानि ॥ Good Shishya Lakshanas==
We find a list of the qualities of a shishya as follows in '''Shabdakalpadruma'''<ref name=":9">Shabdakalpadruma ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE See Shishya (शिष्यः)])</ref>
We find a list of the qualities of a shishya as follows in '''Shabdakalpadruma'''<ref name=":9">Shabdakalpadruma ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE See Shishya (शिष्यः)])</ref>
:वाङ्मनः कायवसुभिर्गुरुशुश्रूषणे रतः । एतादृशगुणोपेतः शिष्यो भवति नारद ॥
:वाङ्मनः कायवसुभिर्गुरुशुश्रूषणे रतः । एतादृशगुणोपेतः शिष्यो भवति नारद ॥
:देवताचार्य्यशुश्रूषां मनोवाक्कायकर्म्मभिः । शुद्धभावो महोत्साहो बोद्धा शिष्य इति स्मृतः ॥ इति दीक्षातत्त्वम् ॥
:देवताचार्य्यशुश्रूषां मनोवाक्कायकर्म्मभिः। शुद्धभावो महोत्साहो बोद्धा शिष्य इति स्मृतः॥
A shishya is one who is interested in "'''susrusha (शुश्रूषः)'''" (which means "keenly listening" and performing service) to his Guru by mind, speech, deed and offering his entire possessions. He should possess the following characteristics - serve/revere both Devatas and Acharyas by thought, deed and body, who has a pure heart (unbiased), has a unending zeal to learn and has exceptional grasping capability; such a person is to be known as a shishya.<blockquote>शान्तो विनीतः शुद्धात्मा श्रद्धावान् धारणक्षमः ।समर्थश्च कुलीनश्च प्राज्ञः मच्चरितो व्रती । एवमादिगुणैर्युक्तः शिष्यो भवति नान्यथा ॥</blockquote>He is called a shishya - a disciple who is/possess
A shishya is one who has the quality of "susrusha"; is inclined to do sushruta (which means "keenly listening" and acting, performing service selflessly) to the spiritual teacher by thought, word, deed and wealth. Deekshatattvam adds to the above that shishya is one who performs sushrusha to both Devatas and Acharyas. One who perceives with pure thoughts (unbiased) and has a constant zeal is to be known as a shishya.
* शान्तः - tranquil
* विनीतः - humble by nature
* शुद्धात्मा - unpretentious inner self
* श्रद्धावान् - sincere and faithful
* धारणक्षमः - ability to retain and reproduce what he learnt
* समर्थः - good capability to learn
* कुलीनः - born in a good lineage
* प्राज्ञः - wise
* व्रती - takes up learning as an austerity/vow
Only a person who possesses all of the above qualities is called a disciple.<ref>Dr. Rani Sadasiva Murty in [https://smriti.upaasana.net/tag/dr-rani-sadasiva-murty/ Smriti]</ref>
'''Apastamba Grhyasutra''' mentions that the duties of a student consist in acts pleasing to the spiritual teacher, the observance of rules conducive to his own welfare and industry in studying.
'''Apastamba Grhyasutra''' mentions that the duties of a student consist in acts pleasing to the spiritual teacher, the observance of rules conducive to his own welfare and industry in studying.
'''Vidura Niti''' summarily states - " where is education to one who seeks comforts? a student will not have any comforts. One who aims for comforts in life has to forego education, or one who wants education has to give up his material comforts.
'''Vidura Niti''' summarily states - "what is education to one who seeks comforts? a student will not have any comforts. One who aims for comforts in life has to forego education, and one who wants education has to give up his material comforts. <blockquote>सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखं। सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद्विद्यां विद्यार्थीवा त्यजेत्सुखम् ।। </blockquote>Asvalayana Grhyasutras (3.4) ब्राह्मणमधीयानं दशवर्षाणि
Hitopadesha
गुरुशुश्रूषया विद्या पुष्कलेन धनेन वा। अथवा विद्यया विद्या चतुर्थी नोपलभ्यते॥ (Hitopadesha?)
युक्तियुक्तं वचो ग्राह्यं न ग्राह्यं गुरुगौरवत् । सर्वशास्त्ररहस्यं तद् याज्ञवल्क्येन भाषितम् ॥ याज्ञवल्क्यशिक्षा , 232
== निषिद्धशिष्यलक्षणानि ॥ Prohibited Shishya Lakshanas ==
आलस्यं मदमोहौ चापलं गोष्टिरेव च। स्तब्धता चाभिमानित्वं तथा त्यागित्वमेव च। एते वै सप्त दोषाः स्युः सदा विद्यार्थिनां मताः ॥
== Rules of Study ==
== Rules of Study ==