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Vedanga Jyotisha (वेदाङ्गज्योतिषम्) (view source)
Revision as of 18:12, 22 April 2019
, 18:12, 22 April 2019added content
# The adhikamasa (intercalary month)
# The adhikamasa (intercalary month)
# The measures of the longest day and shortest day
# The measures of the longest day and shortest day
The practical way of measuring the time is mentioned as the time taken by a specified quantity of water to flow through the orifice of a specified water-clock as one nadika i.e. 1/60 part of a day.
The practical way of measuring the time is mentioned as the time taken by a specified quantity of water to flow through the orifice of a specified water-clock as one nadika i.e. 1/60 part of a day.
A yuga of 5 solar years is mentioned which consists of 67 lunar sidereal cycles, 1830 days, 1835 sidereal days, 62 sinodic months, 1860 tithis, 135 solar nakshatras, 1809 lunar nakshatras and 1768 risings of the Moon. The text also mentions that there are 10 ayanas and 10 vishuvas and 30 rtus in a yuga.<ref name=":1" /> The present day yuga system consisting of the chaturyugas and mahayugas (as seen in puranic references) is discussed under the heading [[Kala (कालः)|Kala]].
A yuga of 5 solar years is mentioned which consists of 67 lunar sidereal cycles, 1830 days, 1835 sidereal days, 62 sinodic months, 1860 tithis, 135 solar nakshatras, 1809 lunar nakshatras and 1768 risings of the Moon. The text also mentions that there are 10 ayanas and 10 vishuvas and 30 rtus in a yuga.<ref name=":1" /> The names of the five years of a yuga being<ref name=":0">Balachandra Rao, S. (2017 Third Edition) Indian Mathematics and Astronomy. Benguluru : Bhavan's Gandhi Center of Science & Human Values</ref>
#संवत्सरः॥ Samvatsara
#परिवत्सरः ॥ Parivatsara
#इडावत्सरः ॥ Idaavatsara
#अनुवत्सरः ॥ Anuvatsara
#इद्वत्सरः ॥ Idvatsara
The present day yuga system consisting of the chaturyugas and mahayugas (as seen in puranic references) is discussed under the heading [[Kala (कालः)|Kala]].
The Vedic astronomers also noted that the shortest day was at the winter solistice when the seasonal year Shishira began with Uttarayana and rose to a maximum at the summer solistice.
== Siddhantas ==
== Siddhantas ==
According to Prof. Balachandra Rao, the astronomical calculations described in Vedanga Jyotisha were in practical use for a long time.
According to Prof. Balachandra Rao, the astronomical calculations described in Vedanga Jyotisha were in practical use for a long time. Around the beginning of the Christian era, a new class of Indian Astronomical literature emerged namely the Siddhantas. The word 'siddhanta' has the connotation of an established theory. These siddhanta texts contain much more material and topics than the Vedanga Jyotisha.
While nakshatra system was existing, the twelve signs of the zodiac Mesha, Vrshabha etc were introduced. Computations for arriving at the precise values for different aspects such as the length of the solar year, motion of the planets, solar and lunar eclipses, determination ofmean and true positions of planets formed the core content of these siddhantas. Mathematics was greatly developed to aid these calculations.
According to tradition there were principally 18 Siddhantas
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 800px; font-style: normal;|# Surya
# Paitamaha
# Vyasa
# Vasishta
# Atri
# Parasara
# Kashyapa
# Narada
# Gargya
# Marichi
# Manu
# Angira
# Lomasa (Romasa)
# Paulisa
# Chyavana
# Yavana
# Bhrgu
# Saunaka}}
Among there only five siddhantas were extant during the time of Varahamihira namely, Saura (or Surya) Paitamaha (or Brahma), Vaishishta, Romaka and Paulisa. These five were ably collected by Varahamihira and preserved in his Panchasiddhantika text.
== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Vedangas]]
[[Category:Vedangas]]