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Line 64: − === प्रसिद्धाः विषयाः ॥ Famous Aspects <ref name=":2232222" /> === − * ऊर्वसी-पुरूरवा-संवादः ॥ Urvasi Pururava Samvada (Rigveda. 10.85) − * यम-यमी-संवादः ॥ Yama Yami Samvada (Rigveda. 10.10) − * सरमा-पणि-संवादः ॥ Sarama and Pani Samvada (Rigveda. 10.130) − Some of these discussions are presented in पुराण-s || [[Puranas]]. − * नासदीय-सूक्तम् ॥ Nasadiya Sukta − * पुरुष-सूक्तम् ॥ Purusha Sukta − * हिरण्यगर्भ-सूक्तम् ॥ Hiranyagarbha Sukta − * वाक्-सूक्तम् ॥ Vak Sukta Line 79:
Line 70: − + − − Following texts clearly define the purpose of "Yajus" mantras in yajnas and hence the name Yajurveda is given. − *निरुक्तम् ॥ [[Nirukta]], यजुः यजतेः । ७.१२ ।<ref>Nirukta ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 7])</ref>yajuḥ yajateḥ । 7.12 । यज्ञ-s || Yajnas are conducted with यजुस् ॥ Yajus (mantras). − − * कठसंहिता ॥ Katha Samhita (27.1), यजर्भियजन्ति ॥ yajarbhiyajanti and (Kath. Samh. 200.21) यजुस्तस्माद् (यज्ञात्) अजायत ॥ yajustasmād (yajñāt) ajāyata − − * ब्रह्माण्डपुराणम् ॥ Brahmanda Purana : यच्छिष्टं तु यजुर्वेदे तेन यज्ञमयुंजत । यजनात्स यजुर्वेद इति शास्त्रविनिश्चयः ।। ३४.२२ ।। yacchiṣṭaṃ tu yajurvede tena yajñamayuṃjata । yajanātsa yajurveda iti śāstraviniścayaḥ ।। 34.22 ।। (Brah. Pura. Purvabhaga 34.22)<ref>Brahmanda Purana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AA Purvabhaga Adhyaya 34])</ref> Line 216:
Line 200: − === देवताः छन्दसः ऋत्विक् च ॥ Devatas, Chandas and Rtvik ===+ − The devatas are the same as in Rigveda because a majority of mantras in Yajurveda are taken from there. The Yajurvedic procedural details are recited and conducted by '''[[Adhvaryu (अध्वर्युः)|अध्वर्युः || Adhvaryu]]''' priest for the proper performance of यज्ञाः ॥ Yajnas. In Shukla Yajurveda, the mantras have the same chandas as in Rigveda from where they have been taken. − − In the context of Rishis in Yajurveda, 3 types of categories are seen − # आदिद्रष्टा ॥ Adidrasta is the first rishi to whom the veda was revealed to. It was महर्षिः वेदव्यासः ॥ Maharshi Vedavyasa who received Vedas in a single form but later codified them and gave the ऋग्वेदः ॥ Rigveda to पैलः ॥ Paila, यजुर्वेदः ॥ Yajurveda to वैशम्पायनः ॥ Vaishampayana. From Vaishampayana, his students याज्ञवल्क्यः ॥ Yajnavalkya and others received the knowledge. It is also said that since शुक्लयजुर्वेदः ॥ Shukla Yajurveda was received later from आदित्यघ् ॥ Aditya or विवस्वान् ॥ Vivasvan, he is also considered as the मन्त्रद्रष्टा ॥ mantra drashta.<ref name=":32" /> − # प्रकरणऋषिः ॥ Prakaranarishi is one who is associated with each प्रकरणम् ॥ prakarana or section of the यजुर्वेदः ॥ Yajurveda. For example, for दर्शपूर्णमासप्रकरणम् ॥ Darsapurnamasa prakarana, the rishi is प्रजापतिः ॥ Prajapati. − # वैयक्तिकऋषिः॥ Vaiyaktikarishi is the category which includes all the rishis who praised the deities and practiced particular rituals to attain मन्त्रसिद्धिः ॥ mantrasiddhi.<ref name=":32" /> − − For example, in माध्यन्दिन-संहिता ॥ Madhyandina samhita, the यज्ञक्रियाः ॥ yajna kriyas for दर्शपूर्णमासः ॥ [[Darshapurnamasa (दर्शपूर्णमासः)|Darshapurnamasa]], अग्निहोत्रम् ॥ [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]], चातुर्मास्यम् ॥ [[Chaturmasya (चातुर्मास्यम्)|Chaturmasya]], अग्निष्टोमः ॥ [[Agnistoma (अग्निष्टोमः)|Agnistoma]], Nirudhapasubandha, Chayanayaga, Sautramani, अश्वमेधः ॥ [[Ashvamedha (अश्वमेधः)|Ashvamedha]], वाजपेयः ॥ Vajapeya, राजसूयः ॥ Rajasuya etc among other yajnas and इष्टि-s ॥ [[Ishti (इष्टिः)|ishtis]] are present. The 40th अध्यायः ॥ Adhyaya is the ईशावास्योपनिषद् ॥ Ishavasyopanishad; this is the only instance where an Upanishad is associated with the Samhita.+ − − − === प्रसिद्धाः मन्त्राः ॥ Famous Mantras === − The popular mantras in praise of Lord Siva - श्रीरुद्रप्रश्नः || SriRudraprashna – finds a place in this Veda (षोडशः अध्यायः ॥ Shodasha Adhyaya). The other famous sukta, पुरुषसूक्तम् || Purusha Sukta also occurs here with some modifications.
Veda Vargeekarana (वेदवर्गीकरणम्) (view source)
Revision as of 12:34, 23 April 2018
, 12:34, 23 April 2018/* प्रसिद्धाः विषयाः ॥ Famous Aspects - removed content to Samhitas
* '''उपासनापराः ॥ Philosophical''' : Rudimentary form of vedanta is seen, with philosophical speculations like the origin of the Universe and the real nature of human beings.
* '''उपासनापराः ॥ Philosophical''' : Rudimentary form of vedanta is seen, with philosophical speculations like the origin of the Universe and the real nature of human beings.
* '''इतिहासपराः ॥ Miscellaneous''' : Subjects like marriage, war etc., which depict the nature of society of those times are described.
* '''इतिहासपराः ॥ Miscellaneous''' : Subjects like marriage, war etc., which depict the nature of society of those times are described.
=== ब्राह्मणानि आरण्यकानि उपनिषदः च ॥ Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads<ref name=":032222" /> ===
=== ब्राह्मणानि आरण्यकानि उपनिषदः च ॥ Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads<ref name=":032222" /> ===
* ऐतरेय-ब्रह्मणं कौषीतकी ब्राह्मणमं च ॥ Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas
* ऐतरेय-ब्रह्मणं कौषीतकी ब्राह्मणमं च ॥ Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas
== यजुर्वेदः || Yajurveda ==
== यजुर्वेदः || Yajurveda ==
=== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ===
=== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ===
According to शब्दकल्पद्रुमः ॥ Shabdakalpadruma, <blockquote>इज्यतेऽनेनेति यजुः || ijyate'neneti yajuḥ || </blockquote>Meaning: performing of यज्ञ-s || yajnas using this (mantra) hence called यजुस् ॥ Yajus.<blockquote>अनियताक्षरावसानो यजुः ॥ aniyatākṣarāvasāno yajuḥ ॥ </blockquote>Meaning: that which has no regulation (metrical) of letters is called Yajus.<ref name=":2232222" />
According to शब्दकल्पद्रुमः ॥ Shabdakalpadruma, <blockquote>इज्यतेऽनेनेति यजुः || ijyate'neneti yajuḥ || </blockquote>Meaning: performance of yajnas using this (mantra) hence called यजुस् ॥ Yajus.<blockquote>अनियताक्षरावसानो यजुः ॥ aniyatākṣarāvasāno yajuḥ ॥ </blockquote>Meaning: that which has no regulation (metrical) of letters is called Yajus.<ref name=":2232222" />
According to Pt Gajanan Shastri - the word yajus is derived by the combination of यज् || yaj and उसि || usi.<ref name=":132222">Singh, Ahilya. (2010) PhD Thesis Title: [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180070/3/03_chapter%201.pdf Pracheen bharat mein aarthik jeevan prarambh se vaidik kaal tak]. V. B. S. Purvanchal University.</ref><blockquote>गद्यात्मको यजुः || gadyātmako yajuḥ || </blockquote>Meaning: Yajus are (the mantras) in prose form.<ref name=":12" />
According to Pt Gajanan Shastri - the word yajus is derived by the combination of यज् || yaj and उसि || usi.<ref name=":132222">Singh, Ahilya. (2010) PhD Thesis Title: [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/180070/3/03_chapter%201.pdf Pracheen bharat mein aarthik jeevan prarambh se vaidik kaal tak]. V. B. S. Purvanchal University.</ref><blockquote>गद्यात्मको यजुः || gadyātmako yajuḥ || </blockquote>Meaning: Yajus are (the mantras) in prose form.<ref name=":12" />
=== यजुर्वेद-विभाजनम् ॥ Yajurveda Vibhajana ===
=== यजुर्वेद-विभाजनम् ॥ Yajurveda Vibhajana ===
The divisions of the text for शुक्लयजुर्वेदः ॥ Shukla Yajurveda are slightly different and include a combination of these as given below (See Page xix of the Introduction in Reference <ref>Swaminathan, C. R. (1997) ''[http://ignca.nic.in/eBooks/KANVASATAPATHABRAHMAAAM_Vol_II.pdf Kanvasatapathabrahmanam Volume 2.]'' New Delhi : Indra Gandhi National Centre For the Arts and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> ). However, variations of these divisions is seen according to other scholars.
The divisions of the text for शुक्लयजुर्वेदः ॥ Shukla Yajurveda are slightly different and include a combination of these as given below (See Page xix of the Introduction in Reference <ref>Swaminathan, C. R. (1997) ''[http://ignca.nic.in/eBooks/KANVASATAPATHABRAHMAAAM_Vol_II.pdf Kanvasatapathabrahmanam Volume 2.]'' New Delhi : Indra Gandhi National Centre For the Arts and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> ). However, variations of these divisions is seen according to other scholars.
|Given by याज्ञवल्क्य-ऋषिः ॥ Rishi Yajnavalkya
|Given by याज्ञवल्क्य-ऋषिः ॥ Rishi Yajnavalkya
|}
|}
=== विषयम् || Vishayam (Content) ===
=== विषयम् || Content ===
Whether Krishna or Shukla, both the shakhas of Yajurveda deal primarily with the कर्मकाण्डः ॥ karmakanda and are also called यज्ञकाण्डः ॥ yajnakanda<ref name=":0222" />. All the shakha texts deal with detailed descriptions of श्रौतयज्ञाः ॥ Shrauta yajnas like राजसूयः ॥ [[Rajasuya]], वाजपेयः ॥ [[Vajapeya (वाजपेयः)|Vajapeya]], सोमयागः ॥ [[Somayaga (सोमयागः)|Somayaga]] etc. Krishna Yajurveda is considered older than the Shukla Yajurveda.<ref name=":1222" />
Whether Krishna or Shukla, both the shakhas of Yajurveda deal primarily with the कर्मकाण्डः ॥ karmakanda and are also called यज्ञकाण्डः ॥ yajnakanda<ref name=":0222" />. All the shakha texts deal with detailed descriptions of श्रौतयज्ञाः ॥ Shrauta yajnas like राजसूयः ॥ [[Rajasuya]], वाजपेयः ॥ [[Vajapeya (वाजपेयः)|Vajapeya]], सोमयागः ॥ [[Somayaga (सोमयागः)|Somayaga]] etc. Krishna Yajurveda is considered older than the Shukla Yajurveda.<ref name=":1222" />
It may be noted that while in Rigveda the text is organized according to rishis as mantra drastas, in Yajurveda the text is given according to the yajnas. It is a compilation of ritual offering formulas that were said by a priest while a यजमानः ॥ yajamana performed ritual actions such as those before the yajna fire. Yajurveda samhita includes mantras that are distinct yet borrow and build upon the foundation of verses in Rigveda. Unlike the सामवेदः ॥ Samaveda which is almost entirely based on Rigveda mantras and structured as songs, the Yajurveda samhitas are in prose and linguistically, they are different from other Vedic texts. Yajurveda text is not just related to rituals or sacrifice, it includes the largest collection of primary Upanishads, influential to various schools of Hindu philosophy.
It may be noted that while in Rigveda the text is organized according to ऋषि-s || rishis as मन्त्रद्रष्टा-s || mantra drastas, in Yajurveda the text is given according to the yajnas. It is a compilation of ritual offering formulas that were said by a priest while a यजमानः ॥ yajamana performed ritual actions such as those before the yajna fire. Yajurveda samhita includes mantras that are distinct yet borrow and build upon the foundation of verses in Rigveda. Unlike the सामवेदः ॥ Samaveda which is almost entirely based on Rigveda mantras and structured as songs, the Yajurveda samhitas are in prose and linguistically, they are different from other Vedic texts. Yajurveda text is not just related to rituals or sacrifice, it includes the largest collection of primary Upanishads, influential to various schools of Hindu philosophy.
== सामवेदः || Samaveda ==
== सामवेदः || Samaveda ==
=== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ===
=== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ===