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Line 46: − + − === RAJA DHARMA ===+ − Apart from the specific provision of the Raja Dharma, it has been the fundamental practice to pray individually as, well as collectively for the well being of all. This is evident from the following popular Sanskrit verse:<blockquote>सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः । सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग्भवेत् ॥ (Vajasaneyi Samhita)</blockquote><blockquote>''sarvē bhavantu sukhinaḥ sarvē santu nirāmayāḥ । sarvē bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā kaścid duḥkhabhāgbhavēt ॥''</blockquote>Meaning: Let all be happy, let all be free from diseases, let all see auspicious things and let nobody suffer from grief.+ − There is a prayer made in every temple every day to the following effect :<blockquote>लोकाः समस्ता सुखिनो भवन्तु || ''lōkāḥ samastā sukhinō bhavantu ||''</blockquote>Meaning: Let all people be happy. + − Our ancestors also laid stress on the principle that God is one despite the fact that people belonging to different religious faiths call him by different names and therefore by whatever name god may be addressed in offering obeisance the destination is the same. This principle has been forcefully expressed in the following verse:<blockquote>आकाशात् पतितं तोयं यथा गच्छति सागरम् | सर्वदेवनमस्कारः केशवं प्रति गच्छति ||</blockquote><blockquote>''ākāśāt patitaṁ tōyaṁ yathā gacchati sāgaram | sarvadēvanamaskāraḥ kēśavaṁ prati gacchati ||''</blockquote>Meaning: Just as the rain water corning down to the earth from the sky reaches the same ocean, obeisance to God by any name reaches the same destination - The one God by whatever name He is called.+
Values Based On Dharma (धर्माधिष्ठितगुणाः) (view source)
Revision as of 23:58, 13 August 2020
, 23:58, 13 August 2020→Duty Towards Other Living Beings: Editing
The system of values of life is an important factor that welds the people of a Country into a Nation. Some such important values within the purview of Dharma are,
The system of values of life is an important factor that welds the people of a Country into a Nation. Some such important values within the purview of Dharma are,
# Duty towards others
# Duty towards others
# Code of Conduct
# Achara (आचारः ॥ Code of Conduct)
# Respect for Womanhood
# Respect for Womanhood
# Samanata (समानता | Equality)
# Samanata (समानता | Equality)
=== Duty Towards Other Living Beings ===
=== Duty Towards Other Living Beings ===
Bharatiya culture and civilization attached primary importance to duty. The society established by the ancestors in Bharata is duty based in which the right given to an individual is the right to perform his duty. It is this philosophy which is the essence of the Bhagvad Gita that declared in the verse,<blockquote>कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते |<ref>Bhagavad Gita, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 2].</ref> ''karmaṇyēvādhikārastē |''</blockquote>Meaning: Your right (adhikara) is to perform your duty.
Bharatiya culture and civilization attached primary importance to duty. The society established by the ancestors in Bharata is duty based in which the right given to an individual is the right to perform his duty. It is this philosophy which is the essence of the Bhagvad Gita that is declared in the verse,<blockquote>कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते |<ref>Bhagavad Gita, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 2].</ref> ''karmaṇyēvādhikārastē |''</blockquote>Meaning: Your right (adhikara) is to perform your duty.
This duty based philosophy has been reiterated in Vishnupurana thus,<blockquote>अत्रापि भारतं श्रेष्ठं जम्बूद्वीपे महामुने । यतो हि कर्म्मभूरेषा ततोऽन्या भोगभूमयः ।। 22 ।।<ref>Vishnu Purana, Amsha 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9 Adhyaya 3].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''atrāpi bhārataṁ śrēṣṭhaṁ jambūdvīpē mahāmunē । yatō hi karmmabhūrēṣā tatō'nyā bhōgabhūmayaḥ ।। 22 ।।''</blockquote>Meaning: Among the several countries Bharata is great. For, this is a land of duty whereas others are lands of enjoyment.
This duty based philosophy has been reiterated in Vishnupurana thus,<blockquote>अत्रापि भारतं श्रेष्ठं जम्बूद्वीपे महामुने । यतो हि कर्म्मभूरेषा ततोऽन्या भोगभूमयः ।। 22 ।।<ref>Vishnu Purana, Amsha 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9 Adhyaya 3].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''atrāpi bhārataṁ śrēṣṭhaṁ jambūdvīpē mahāmunē । yatō hi karmmabhūrēṣā tatō'nyā bhōgabhūmayaḥ ।। 22 ।।''</blockquote>Meaning: Among the several countries Bharata is great. For, this is a land of duty whereas others are lands of enjoyment.
=== आचारः ॥ Code of Conduct ===
=== आचारः ॥ Code of Conduct ===
All the rules of righteous conduct of human beings in every sphere of human activity evolved from times immemorial in this country, fall within the meaning of the word 'Dharma'. It is a code of conduct for all human beings for all time to come and is thus, Universal in nature. Manu describes this Dharma as a collection of specific qualities that are eternal.<blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 10].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ astēyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । ētaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇyē'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (not coveting the property of others), Shoucham (purity), and Indriyanigraha ( control of senses) are, in brief, the common Dharma for all.
All the rules of righteous conduct of human beings in every sphere of human activity evolved from times immemorial in this country, fall within the meaning of the word 'Dharma'. It is a code of conduct for all human beings for all time to come and is thus, Universal in nature. Manu describes this Dharma as a collection of specific qualities that are eternal.<blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 10].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ astēyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । ētaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇyē'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (not coveting the property of others), Shaucha (purity), and Indriyanigraha (control of senses) are, in brief, the common Dharma for all.
As these conduct codifying qualities apply to all, they are referred to as Samanya Dharma.
As these conduct codifying qualities apply to all, they are referred to as Samanya Dharma.
Apart from this, it has also been a fundamental practice in the Bharatiya tradition to pray individually, as well as collectively, for the well being of all. This is evident from the following prayers.<blockquote>सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः । सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग्भवेत् ॥ (Vajasaneyi Samhita)</blockquote><blockquote>''sarvē bhavantu sukhinaḥ sarvē santu nirāmayāḥ । sarvē bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā kaścid duḥkhabhāgbhavēt ॥''</blockquote>Meaning: May all be happy, May all be free from diseases, May all see auspicious things and let nobody suffer from grief.<blockquote>लोकाः समस्ता सुखिनो भवन्तु || ''lōkāḥ samastā sukhinō bhavantu ||''</blockquote>Meaning: May all people be happy.
The Bharatiya Parampara also laid stress on the principle that the Supreme Being is one despite the fact that people call him by different names.
Ekam Sat Viprah Bahudha Vadanti |
It emphasized that whatever the name addressed in offering obeisance, the destination is the same. This principle is expressed in the following verse,<blockquote>आकाशात् पतितं तोयं यथा गच्छति सागरम् | सर्वदेवनमस्कारः केशवं प्रति गच्छति ||</blockquote><blockquote>''ākāśāt patitaṁ tōyaṁ yathā gacchati sāgaram | sarvadēvanamaskāraḥ kēśavaṁ prati gacchati ||''</blockquote>Meaning: Just as the rain water coming down to the earth from the sky reaches the same ocean, obeisance to the Supreme by any name reaches the same destination ie. the Supreme One by whatever name He is called.
The following prayer incorporated in the Upanishads, discloses the lofty ideals evolved in our culture from ancient times :<blockquote>सह नाववतु | सह नौ भुनक्तु | सह वीर्यं करवावहै | तेजस्वी नावधीतमस्तु | मा विद्विषावहै | ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः |</blockquote><blockquote>''saha nāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṁ karavāvahai | tējasvī nāvadhītamastu | mā vidviṣāvahai | oṁ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ |''</blockquote>Meaning: May He (God) protect us both together; may Re nourish us both together; may we work conjointly with great energy; may our study be vigorous and effective; may we not hate anyone. Let there be peace, peace and peace.
The following prayer incorporated in the Upanishads, discloses the lofty ideals evolved in our culture from ancient times :<blockquote>सह नाववतु | सह नौ भुनक्तु | सह वीर्यं करवावहै | तेजस्वी नावधीतमस्तु | मा विद्विषावहै | ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः |</blockquote><blockquote>''saha nāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṁ karavāvahai | tējasvī nāvadhītamastu | mā vidviṣāvahai | oṁ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ |''</blockquote>Meaning: May He (God) protect us both together; may Re nourish us both together; may we work conjointly with great energy; may our study be vigorous and effective; may we not hate anyone. Let there be peace, peace and peace.