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Vakya (Samskrit: वाक्यम्) is a combination of words having certain meaning. Annambhatta in his Tarkasangraha says that a Shabda is that which has the significative relation; Vakya (वाक्यम्), a sentence, is a group of such words. The construction of an intelligible sentence must conform to four conditions. They are
Vakya (Samskrit: वाक्यम्) is a combination of words having certain meaning. Annambhatta in his Tarkasangraha says that a Shabda is that which has the significative relation; Vakya (वाक्यम्), a sentence, is a group of such words. Nyayasutras discussed mostly about word-meaning and its relationships and not until the later commentaries do we see the sentence meaning mentioned. Most of the early Vaiyakaranas and Naiyayikas opined that the sentence meaning merely constitutes the sum of the individual word-meanings. It is the Mimamsa school that started a detailed study of sentences and developed an elaborate siddhanta for interpretation of sentences.<ref name=":1">Kunjunniraja, K. (1988) ''Mimamsa Contribution to Language Studies.'' Calicut: University of Calicut. </ref>
== Introduction ==
The first mention of a Mimamsa type of definition of the sentence seems to be found in the Katyayana Shrauta sutra <blockquote>तेषां वाक्यं निराकाङ्क्षम् २ मिथः सम्बद्धम् ३ (Katy. Shrau. Sutr. 1.3.2-3)<ref>Katyayana Shrauta Sutra ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4 Adhyaya 1])</ref></blockquote>A sentence is that which is niraakanksha (निराकाङ्क्षम्) that is to say 'something which has no requirement of expectation of words outside itself to complete its meaning.' It is explained as mithah sambandha or 'mutual relationship' among the word-meanings in the sentence. It is in the Mimamsasutras of Jaimini that we first come across the definition of a sentence or vakya.<ref name=":1" />
The construction of an intelligible sentence must conform to four auxillary conditions. They are
# yogyata (योग्यता । fitness)
# yogyata (योग्यता । fitness)
# akanksha (आकाङ्क्षा । expectancy)
# akanksha (आकाङ्क्षा । expectancy)
# aasatti (आसत्तिः । proximity)
# aasatti (आसत्तिः । proximity)
# tatparya (तात्पर्यम् । import)
# tatparya (तात्पर्यम् । import)<ref name=":7">Chatterjee. Satischandra, (1950 Second Edition) ''The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge, A Critical Study of Some Problems of Login and Metaphysics''. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. (Pages 336 - 357)</ref>
==वाक्यलक्षणम् ॥ Vakya Lakshana==
==वाक्यलक्षणम् ॥ Vakya Lakshana==