Changes

# Jalpa (Disputation)

# Jalpa (Disputation)

# Vitanda (Wrangling)<ref name=":4">Ganganatha Jha (1939), [https://ia802902.us.archive.org/23/items/GautamasNyayaSutrasWithVatsyayanaBhashyaGNJha/Gautama%27s%20Nyaya%20Sutras%20with%20Vatsyayana%20Bhashya%20-%20GN%20Jha.pdf Gautama's Nyayasutras with Vatsyayana Bhasya], Poona: Oriental Book Agency.</ref>

# Vitanda (Wrangling)<ref name=":4">Ganganatha Jha (1939), [https://ia802902.us.archive.org/23/items/GautamasNyayaSutrasWithVatsyayanaBhashyaGNJha/Gautama%27s%20Nyaya%20Sutras%20with%20Vatsyayana%20Bhashya%20-%20GN%20Jha.pdf Gautama's Nyayasutras with Vatsyayana Bhasya], Poona: Oriental Book Agency.</ref>

<blockquote>तिस्रः कथा भवन्ति वादो जल्पो वितण्डा चेति ।<ref name=":5">Gangadhara Sastri Tailanga (1896), [https://ia802908.us.archive.org/31/items/06nNyayaSutrasWithVatsyayanaBhashya/06nNyaya%20Sutras%20With%20Vatsyayana%20Bhashya.pdf The Nyayasutras with Vatsyayana's Bhashya], The Viziangram Sanskrit Series (Volume IX), Benaras: E.J.Lazarus & Co.</ref> ''tisraḥ kathā bhavanti vādo jalpo vitaṇḍā ceti ।''</blockquote>Udyotakara in his Nyaya Varttika further explains that this threefold classification is according to the nature of the debate and the status of the persons taking part in the debate.  

<blockquote>तिस्रः कथा भवन्ति वादो जल्पो वितण्डा चेति ।<ref name=":5">Gangadhara Sastri Tailanga (1896), [https://ia802908.us.archive.org/31/items/06nNyayaSutrasWithVatsyayanaBhashya/06nNyaya%20Sutras%20With%20Vatsyayana%20Bhashya.pdf The Nyayasutras with Vatsyayana's Bhashya], The Viziangram Sanskrit Series (Volume IX), Benaras: E.J.Lazarus & Co.</ref> ''tisraḥ kathā bhavanti vādo jalpo vitaṇḍā ceti ।''</blockquote>

* The first variety, Vada, is an honest, peaceful and congenial (sandhaya) debate that takes place between two persons of equal merit or standing, trying to explore the various dimensions of a subject with a view to ascertain and establish ‘what is true’. The Vada, at its best, is a candid friendly discussion (anuloma sambhasha or sandhya sambhasha) or debate in the spirit of: ’let’s sit-down and talk’.  

Udyotakara in his Nyaya Varttika further explains that this threefold classification is according to the nature of the debate and the status of the persons taking part in the debate.  

* The first variety, Vada, is an honest, peaceful and congenial (sandhaya) debate that takes place between two persons of equal merit or standing, trying to explore the various dimensions of a subject with a view to ascertain and establish ‘what is true’. The Vada, at its best, is a candid friendly discussion (anuloma sambhasha or sandhaya sambhasha) or debate in the spirit of: ’let’s sit-down and talk’.  

* The other two are hostile arguments (vigrhya sambhasha) between rivals who desperately want to win.  

* The other two are hostile arguments (vigrhya sambhasha) between rivals who desperately want to win.  

Thus, by implication, the goal of a Vada is establishment of truth or an accepted doctrine; while that of the other two hostile debates, Jalpa and Vitanda, is seeking victory on the opponent. Thus, the three types of Katha can be classified in terms of the two kinds of Sambhasha mentioned earlier as follows: (tree diagram)

Thus, by implication, the goal of a Vada is establishment of truth or an accepted doctrine; while that of the other two hostile debates, Jalpa and Vitanda, is seeking victory on the opponent.<ref name=":3" /> Thus, the three types of Katha in terms of the two kinds of Sambhasha mentioned earlier can be summarized as in Fig. 1.

 

Dvi-vidha sambhasha: Vada (the good - Sandhya sambhasha) on one hand; and Jalpa and Vitanda (the bad - Vigrhya sambhasha) on the other.<ref name=":3" />

 

=== संवादः ॥ Samvada ===

=== संवादः ॥ Samvada ===

The commentary on the Nyaya sutras describe samvada as समाय वाद: । ''samāya vāda: ।''

The commentary on the Nyaya sutras describe samvada as समाय वाद: । ''samāya vāda: ।''